Where are the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal mus

Intercostal muscles, external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles in the chest.

The lungs are protected by the ribs in the chest, and between every two ribs there are two groups of muscles, called the internal and external intercostal muscles, which are collectively called the intercostal muscles. On inspiration, the intercostal muscles contract; On exhalation, the intercostal muscles relax.

Diaphragm. diaphragm) is a muscle-fibrous structure located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It is surrounded by a muscular abdomen, ** is the aponeurosis, also translated as the diaphragm, which is an important respiratory muscle of the body, accounting for 60% and 80% of all respiratory muscle functions.

Diaphragm.

The diaphragm muscle is between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity, and is a dome-shaped flattened latissimus muscle that closes the lower thoracic opening, and the outer periphery of the diaphragm is muscular, originating from the periphery of the lower thoracic opening and the bone surface in front of the lumbar vertebrae. The fascicles of each part are concentrated in the central tendon. Features:

The diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle, and when contracted, the dome descends and the thoracic volume expands, causing inhalation; During diastole, the dome rises back into place and the thoracic volume decreases, causing exhalation. The intercostal muscles are divided into the internal intercostal muscles and the external intercostal muscles. The external intercostal muscles are located in the superficial layer of each intercostal space, starting at the lower edge of the ribs, and the fascicles are obliquely anterior and descending, ending at the upper edge of the next rib.

Function: Rib lift, assist inhalation. The internal intercostal muscles are located deep in the external intercostal muscles, with the fascicles facing in the opposite direction.

Function: Lower ribs, assist in exhalation.

Location and structure of an intercostal muscle.

The intercostal muscles are also the pectoral muscles intrinsia, which are composed of the external intercostal muscles, the internal intercostal muscles, the intercostal innermost muscles, the transverse pectoralis muscles, and the subcostal muscles, which are collectively called the intercostal muscles, and the intercostal muscles have the double-sided functions of breathing and maintaining posture, and their actual functions are quite complex. Importantly, they control the movement of the ribs, including inhalation and the rotation of the chest.

Location and structure of an intercostal muscle.

1) External intercostal muscles: located outside the intercostal space, its posterior part is adjacent to the levator costosus muscle at the costal tuberosity, and the anterior muscle bundle only reaches the junction of the rib and the costochondral space. In the costochondral space, the muscle fibers degenerate and are replaced by the extracostal muscles formed by connective tissue.

Originating from the inferior edge of the upper ribs, below the costal sulcus on the inner surface, the fascicles are obliquely anterior and inferior.

Stop at the upper edge of the next rib.

Function: Rib lifting, inhalation.

Internal intercostal muscles: located on the deep surface of the external intercostal muscles, the direction of the fascicles is opposite to the external intercostal muscles, the anterior fascicles can reach the lateral border of the sternum, and the posterior fascicles only reach the costal angle, and since then there are no intercostal muscles in the intercostal space, and the intercostal intima formed by connective tissue replaces them.

Starts from the upper edge of the lower rib and ends at the lower edge of the upper rib.

Function: Lower ribs, help exhale.

Intercostal innermost muscle: located in the middle of the intercostal space, the deep surface of the intercostal muscles.

This muscle arises from the upper edge of the middle of the lower ribs.

Terminating at the lower edge of the middle of the upper ribs, the direction of the fascicles is consistent with the internal intercostal muscles.

Nerves and blood supply.

External intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, intercostal innermost muscles, transverse pectoralis muscles, subcostalis muscles: except for the transverse pectoral muscles, which are innervated by T3 6, others are innervated by T1 11.

Blood supply: intercostal arteries.

Description of symptoms. Pain in the rib cage, more pronounced when taking a deep breath. (It has a lot to do with the sequelae of herpes zoster, so shingles must be ruled out first).

Irregular heartbeats.

Take a deep breath and cough. The pain gets worse when you sneeze. Inability to lie on the side of the pain.

Pain caused by a strain on the intercostal muscles is usually located around the strain, although it can also transfer the carbuncle to a nearby part of the front of the body. When you have a painful labor, it can make you move your body or lift your arms without recklessness.

Myofascial pain in the bones can be mistaken for "costochondritis" or "inflammation of the ribs". It may be told that there is a cracked bone, ulcer disease, or gallbladder disease, and when the strain is real, these conditions are unlikely to solve the problem.

Postherpetic pain can be scraped with a horn gua sha board to scrape the ribs and rib seams.

Huang Chuanqi.

1 Pinyin 2 English references.

3 Note lèi jiān nèi jī

Internal intercostal muscleInternal intercostal muscleInternal intercostal muscle is the skeletal muscle that connects the upper and lower round ribs. There are 11 pairs in total, in the intercostal space, in the deep layer, and the muscle fibers run obliquely, in the opposite direction to the external intercostal muscles, from the upper rib near the sternum to the next rib near the spine. When contracted, the sternum descends and the ribs rotate obliquely downward and medially, shortening the anteroposterior and left-right diameters of the thoracic cavity, creating an expiratory effect.

The internal intercostal muscles are located on the deep surface of the external intercostal muscles.

The role of the internal intercostal muscles: the thick external intercostal muscles can lift the ribs up to expand the rib cage to help inhale, while the internal intercostal muscles are just the opposite, which can make the ribs descend and narrow the rib cage to exhale.

There is one less segment in front of the external intercostal muscles.

Location: Outside the intercostal space.

Starting point: lower border of the upper ribs.

Insertion: Upper edge of the lower ribs.

Function: Lift the ribs, enlarge the frontal and sagittal diameter of the thoracic cage, and help inhale.

There is one less segment behind the internal intercostal muscles.

Location: Deep surface of the intercostal muscles.

Starting point: upper edge of the lower ribs.

Insertion: lower edge of the upper ribs.

Function: Lowers the ribs, reduces the frontal and sagittal meridians of the thoracic cage, and helps exhalation.

The ratio of breathing between the internal and external muscles of the intercostal muscles is coordinated, one is loose and the other is tight, the outside tightens and the inside relaxes when inhaling, and the outside relaxes and the inside tightens when exhaling.

The gap between the ribs can be loosened by clasping the fingers.

If the intercostal muscles on one side are generally too tight, resulting in a smaller intercostal space on the same side, the intercostal space on the opposite side becomes larger.

Wrong breathing pattern and uneven force during inhalation will lead to different sizes of ribs on both sides, and uneven rib tension on both sides is prone to scoliosis (the spine and ribs will convex to the loose side, while the tight side will be concave); In scoliosis, use breathing to adjust the basic tension of the intercostal muscles, so that the spine and ribs can return to the normal position.

Effect on skeletal posture.

It affects the ribs and thus the spine, and scoliosis can occur if you breathe on one side all the time.

Relationship with movement.

Scoliosis stretches the medial and lateral intercostal muscles on one side.

After doing cat dancing, twisting, and lateral flexion, breathing will be smoother, and the internal intercostal muscles will be elongated and relaxed.

Effects on the mood of organ respiration.

It has a great influence on the rhythm of breathing.

Shortness of breath and irregularity during emotional agitation, and uncoordinated coordination of the internal and external intercostal muscles can lead to diagonal rib pain.

Pain analysis and its rationale.

It is usually not painful, but rapid, violent movements can cause pain; Twisting too violently, or pushing the chest and bending back can cause intercostal pain, and the ribs open too quickly when bending back, and the tearing of the intercostal space can be particularly painful.

Shortness of breath and irregularity during emotional agitation, and uncoordinated coordination of the internal and external intercostal muscles can lead to diagonal rib pain.

Supplement. 1. The breath does not sink, and it is uncomfortable after eating. Liver Qi offends the stomach, and when you get angry while eating, your diaphragm is tense.

2. 67 rib oblique pain during inhalation, can be inhaled with the hand to observe whether there is pain, the pain proves to be serratus anterior intercostal internal muscle external muscle problems. Not hurting when inhaling is a problem with internal organs (spleen and stomach).

3. Insomnia: Wind breathing. Moon breathing. Most of the mantras are caused by psychological factors.

4. Inexhaustible exhalation, which is prone to occur in the postpartum period or the elderly, will also affect the inhalation is not full. with diaphragmatic ability. Abdominal core weakness is related.

5. Shoulder and neck breathing will cause discomfort in shoulder and neck disease, practice the power of scapula descent and loosen the diaphragm. Internal intercostal muscles. The external intercostal muscles, twist and relax the abdomen, learn to breathe in the abdomen, and be able to breathe into the pelvic floor or heels.

Pay attention to creating a safe and comfortable space to let go of the stress of life and work.

Answer] :d respiratory muscles refer to the muscles related to respiratory movements, including the diaphragm, the greater and intercostal muscles, the sensitive abdominal wall muscles, the sternocleidomacular mammary muscles, the back muscles, the chest muscles, etc. Among them, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles belong to the inspiratory muscles, and the internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles belong to the expiratory muscles.