What are the traditional ceramics? What are the characteristics of ceramics?

Blue and white, pastel, color glaze, bucket color, five colors, new colors, etc., different kinds of porcelain painting are different.

Jingdezhen Jinken porcelain factory provides.

1. Celadon: The porcelain with a pale green surface is celadon. It is colored by applying a glaze containing iron.

In ancient times, people wanted to replace precious jade with ceramics. Celadon is generally pale green (also called Fei color), with delicate patterns and similar appearances, which is a symbol of wealth in ancient times. The motifs of clouds, cranes, lotus ponds and weeping willows on celadon express people's longing for an eternal world.

2. White porcelain: white porcelain is made by coating transparent glaze on white clay. The history of white porcelain production, like celadon, began in the early Goryeo period, but it was not until the Joseon Dynasty that it reached its heyday.

The basic color of white porcelain is white, but some blue or milky white (milk) is also added. The celadon of the Goryeo period represents the magnificence of aristocratic culture, while the white porcelain indirectly expresses the spotless and frugal and simple living habits of the two classes in the Joseon Dynasty. The white porcelain has dragons, peonies, pines, plum blossoms, and crane motifs.

3. Pink and green sand ware: The production method of pink and green sand ware is to paint or paint white clay on the gray and blue main body and then burn, and then scrape out the pattern. Although it cannot be compared with the exquisiteness of Goryeo celadon, the simple and free-spirited pattern makes people feel familiar and intimate.

Fish and flower motifs can often be seen.

4. Ceramic ware: first made of clay, coated with glaze, and then baked at a high temperature of 1100-1200. Since ancient times, it has been used as a container for storing fermented foods such as chili paste, soybean paste, or kimchi. Also called 'can'

This is difficult to say, you can go to the building materials shopping guide channel of the decoration e station pass**, and ask the ceramic manufacturers there.

The characteristics of ceramics are as follows:

1. The ceramic production process is a process-based production process with low continuity. Ceramic raw materials are put into production by one end of the factory, and the sequence is continuously processed, and finally becomes a finished product, the whole process is more complex, and the degree of continuity between processes is low.

2. The degree of mechanization and automation of the ceramic production process is low.

3. The production cycle of ceramics is long. The production cycle of ceramic products refers to the total calendar time that passes from the raw materials to the production of raw materials, through the processing of various processes until the finished product is produced.

4. In the process of ceramic production, auxiliary materials such as gypsum models, saggers, boron plates, etc. are consumed in large quantities.

The role of ceramics

Ceramics are the decorations in our lives, and vases made of ceramics are one of people's favorite decorations. This is a symbol of identity and taste, and ceramics represent China's advanced culture.

Ceramics still have a huge role in the industry, some industrial ceramics are very easy to see in our industry, these ceramics have an important role in our power transportation industry, and are important for those power facilities.

First of all, ceramics as a traditional Chinese skill, represents the profundity of Chinese culture, from the Tang Dynasty Tang Sancai pottery to the Song Dynasty Geru Guan Dingjun, ceramics represent the development of Chinese utensils.

Secondly, ceramics is a business card of China's opening to the outside world, the word China is China, and the English of ceramics is China, which shows the importance of ceramics as a foreign business card, and the impression of Western countries on China is often from these items in China.

In addition, ceramics are also a witness to the continuous development and spread of traditional Chinese culture, and a treasure to help the Chinese nation accumulate cultural self-confidence.

Ceramic culture is an important part of traditional Chinese culture, the product of the high development of national culture, and the crystallization of national culture. Jingdezhen has been famous for its ceramic culture since ancient times, and has finally become the center of porcelain making in the country through exquisite ceramic art, excellent porcelain-making technology, and thousands of years of accumulation, and has established the status of "porcelain capital" in China and even the world. In a sense, Jingdezhen ceramic culture is 1

Porcelain has a long history, rich connotation, and is authoritative The Qing Dynasty's "Notes on the South Kiln" contains: "Jingdezhen, in the south of Changnan, its pottery began in the Han Dynasty. Qianlong's "Fuliang County Chronicles" recorded that "Xinping smelting pottery began in the Han Dynasty", which means that as early as the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, ceramics began to be fired here.

In the Tang Dynasty, the porcelain of Changnan Town was called "fake jade" in the capital, and in the Song Dynasty, Changnan Town was renamed "Jingdezhen", named after the Song Zhenzong year, and the only city in the country with this glory was Jingdezhen. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen developed to its peak, and an imperial kiln factory was set up to produce porcelain exclusively for the royal family. In the Yuan Dynasty, the formula of porcelain was changed, from a one-yuan formula to a two-dimensional formula, which was a revolution in the history of ceramics in China and even the world

Ceramics are of great significance to our traditional Chinese culture, because the English word for ceramics means Chinese, which has produced ancient Chinese culture and art.

It should be a kind of historical imprint, connotation.

From ancient times to the present, pottery and porcelain have been handed down little by little, and each dynasty is different, and each dynasty has the characteristics of each dynasty.

It has even been synonymous with ancient China, porcelain, silk, etc.

1, Tang Sancai.

Tang Sancai (Tangtri-colorglazed ceramics), a treasure of ancient Chinese ceramic firing technology, the full name of Tang Dynasty Sancai glazed pottery, is a kind of low-temperature glazed pottery that prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, the glaze has yellow, green, white, brown, blue, black and other colors, and yellow, green, white three colors, so people are used to calling it "Tang Sancai". Because Tang Sancai was the earliest and most unearthed in Luoyang, it is also known as "Luoyang Tang Sancai".

2. Stork stone axe picture faience jar.

Stork stone axe picture painted pottery jar, unearthed in 1978 in Yancun, Linru County, Henan Province (now Ruzhou City), burial tools in the early Neolithic Age. It is terracotta sandy, with a height of 47 cm, a diameter of cm, and a bottom diameter of cm.

On one side of the outer wall of the abdomen is the famous stone axe of the stork. The figure is 37 centimeters high, 44 centimeters wide, about half of the surface area of the cylinder, the picture is real and vivid, the color is harmonious, simple and beautiful, extremely rich in artistic conception, it is the earliest and largest pottery painting found in China so far. It is in the collection of the National Museum of China.

In 2003, it was identified as the first of 64 precious cultural relics that cannot be exhibited abroad.

3, Tao Yingding.

Neolithic pottery Yingding is a late Neolithic Yangshao culture pottery, unearthed in 1957 in Taipingzhuang, Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province, an adult female tomb, now in the collection of the National Museum of China.

The Neolithic pottery eagle has a height of centimeters, a diameter of centimeters, and a maximum abdominal diameter of 32 centimeters, and adopts the shape of an eagle standing on its feet, and the mouth of the pottery is set between the back and the two wings, which skillfully integrates the characteristics of the tripod-shaped artifact with the animal beauty of the eagle.

4. Blue and white glaze red porcelain warehouse.

Blue and white glaze red porcelain warehouse, Yuan Dynasty pavilion style porcelain warehouse, between the two pillars behind the warehouse there is a straight book epitaph, from right to left 12 lines, a total of 159 words, recorded that the deceased is "the granddaughter of Ling Ying, the head of the mountain of the old Jingdezhen Changqian Academy", died in the later to the Yuan Wuyin (that is, after the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, AD 1338).

Buried in Nanshan. This pavilion-style porcelain warehouse, the shape is unique, although it is a burial vessel, it is still a precious handicraft. Blue and white glazed red porcelain, very rare, as a pavilion-style porcelain warehouse, and has a clear date, so far only a solitary case.

It was unearthed in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province in 1974 and is now stored in the Jiangxi Provincial Museum.

5. Painted pottery pot with human face fish pattern.

The Neolithic human-faced fish-patterned faience pot was unearthed in 1955 in Banpo, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. It is a pottery of the early Neolithic Age, and is mostly used as the lid of children's urn coffins, and is a special burial tool. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of China.

Neolithic human-faced fish-patterned faience pot, high centimeters, caliber centimeters, made of fine clay red pottery, open lips, intermittent black ribbons painted on the edge of the mouth, and two groups of symmetrical human-faced fish patterns painted in black on the inner wall.

There are many kinds of ceramic products, and the constituent substances between them are often intertwined with each other, without specific and obvious boundaries, but in practical application, there is a great difference. Let's take a look at what ceramic products are.

1. Art ceramics: such as furnishings, vases, sculptures, etc.

2. Daily-use ceramics: such as jars, altars, and tea sets.

Basins, plates, bowls, cutlery, jars, plates, etc.

3. Craft ceramics: such as flower pots, vases, lamp holders, etc.

4. Industrial ceramics: refers to ceramic products used in various industries, which can be divided into the following six categories:

5. Refractory material: used as refractory material for various high-temperature industrial kilns.

6. Chemical ceramics: used as acid-resistant bricks, ash, etc. for acid-resistant vessels, pipelines, towers, valves, pumps and enameled reaction pots in various chemical industries.

7. Architectural ceramics: such as bricks, face bricks, exterior wall tiles, etc.

8. Electric porcelain: used as an insulator on high and low voltage transmission lines in the power industry.

Insulators for telecommunications, insulators for radio, etc.

9. Chemical porcelain: used as a porcelain crucible, combustion boat and evaporation dish in chemical laboratory.

research body, etc.; 10. Special ceramics: special ceramic products that are thrown at cutting-edge science and technology and various modern industries, including magnesium porcelain, high alumina oxide porcelain, titanium magnesia porcelain, zirconium, lithium porcelain, stone porcelain, as well as magnetic porcelain, metal ceramics, etc.

That's all there is to know about ceramic products.

Ceramic things are:

1. Ceramic tableware:

Ceramic tableware refers to all artificial industrial products made of inorganic non-Solana minerals such as clay, cherry blossoms, and other raw materials. It includes a variety of products made from clay or mixtures containing clay through mixing, forming, and calcination.

2. Ceramic tea set:

Ceramic tea sets, mainly made of kaolin.

Purple sand mud and other raw materials fired into tea brewing utensils, including ceramic teapots, ceramic bowls.

Ceramic teacups, ceramic tea trays, ceramic saucers, ceramic tea washers, etc.

3. Ceramic vase:

Ceramic vases are fragile items, and the maintenance of ceramics is mainly to prevent external damage factors. The so-called external destructive factors include natural factors, human factors and unexpected factors. Natural factors mainly refer to temperature, light, dust, etc., ceramic vases should not be placed in places with high temperature and strong light, especially thin-tire ceramic bottles.

4. Ceramic sculpture:

Ceramic sculpture is a type of ceramic decoration. It has a long history, starting from the Qin and Han dynasties, and flourishing in the Dehua kiln, Shiwan kiln and Jingdezhen kiln in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Generally, it refers to the three-dimensional ceramic sculpture products with independence, which need to be molded, inlaid, hand-carved, pinched, stacked, carved and other molding processes and fired at high temperatures.

5. Ceramic jar:

Ceramic piggy bank is Baiyun pottery, also known as lightweight ceramic Xinzhong, is an environmentally friendly ceramic product, its thermal stability is good. The water absorption of ceramic piggy tank is controlled within a certain percentage, which is especially suitable for exterior painting.

Answer: Types of ceramics.

1. According to the use.

1. Daily-use ceramics: such as tableware, tea sets, jars, altars, basins, jars, plates, plates, bowls, etc.

2. Art (craft) ceramics: such as vases, sculptures, garden ceramics, utensils, photo frames, murals, furnishings, etc.

3. Industrial ceramics: refers to ceramic products used in various industries. It is divided into the following 4 aspects:

Building - sanitary ceramics: such as bricks, drainage pipes, face bricks, exterior wall tiles, sanitary ware, etc.;

Chemical (chemical) ceramics: acid-resistant vessels, pipelines, towers, pumps, valves and acid-resistant bricks and ash for enameling reaction pots used in various chemical industries;

Electric porcelain: used as an insulator on high and low voltage transmission lines in the power industry. bushings for motors, pillar insulators, insulators for low-voltage appliances and lighting, as well as insulators for telecommunications, insulators for radio, etc.;

Special ceramics: special ceramic products used in various modern industries and cutting-edge science and technology, including high-alumina oxide porcelain, magnesium porcelain, titanium magnesium porcelain, zircon stone porcelain, lithium porcelain, as well as magnetic porcelain, cermet, etc.

Second, according to the material.

Stoneware, fine pottery, stoneware, semi-porcelain, and porcelain, the raw materials are from coarse to fine, the body is from coarse and porous, and gradually reaches dense, sintered, and the firing temperature is gradually from low to high.

From the perspective of collection, looking at the types of porcelain, porcelain is generally divided into two categories:

i.e. monochrome glazed porcelain and painted porcelain. Monochrome glazed porcelain is divided into plain porcelain and color glazed porcelain, both of which are commonly known as "one glaze". China's Ming Dynasty was the era of plain porcelain, and after the Ming Dynasty, there was a vigorous development of colored porcelain.

Plain porcelain refers to porcelain that has no color on or under the glaze, and there is no painted pattern. Plain porcelain is fired in a ventilated state, resulting in different glaze colors due to the different content of iron oxide contained in the glaze. Including celadon, black porcelain, white porcelain, blue and white porcelain.

Celadon: also called green porcelain. The glaze contains iron oxide, which was the earliest porcelain to appear, and the most famous was the Longquan kiln when it developed into the Song Dynasty.

Black porcelain: also called Tianmu porcelain. It is fired with an increase in iron content on the basis of celadon. The famous ones are Jianyao and Deqing kiln.

White porcelain: a transparent glaze due to its low iron content. The most famous ones are Dingyao and Xingyao. The advent of white porcelain made it possible to paint on porcelain, thus laying the foundation for the development of colored porcelain.