Photons have no mass, so why are they still attracted to black holes?

The photon is the only particle that physicists have discovered so far with zero rest mass, and it is born from the energy level transition of an electron.

Since the stationary mass is zero, it does not need to accelerate to fly at 300,000 kilometers per second, but photons have a moving mass, and physicists have also developed a spacecraft driven by a light sail using a weak "light pressure", and theoretically as long as the light sail is large enough and long enough, the light pressure is enough to accelerate the spacecraft to relativistic speed or even close to the speed of light.

At the end of the 19th century, the "Michelson-Morey" experiment proved that the speed of light is constant, and later Einstein used the special theory of relativity to prove that the speed of light cannot be surpassed, and then Einstein used the general theory of relativity to prove that light can be deflected by massive celestial bodies. <>

As a medium-mass yellow dwarf star, the light of distant stars will be slightly deflected by the space-time distortion caused by the Sun, a phenomenon that was proven by Eddington as early as the last century.

For a black hole that collapses from the core of a massive star, it distorts space-time much more than the sun, so when light flies around the black hole, it will plunge headlong into the deep well of gravity of the black hole and cannot escape, on the one hand, because the black hole is too gravitational, and on the other hand, because the light is "too stupid" and will only fly along the geodesic.

Geodesic is the shortest route connecting two points in space-time in physics, but general relativity tells us that real space-time itself is not straight, but can be distorted by massive celestial bodies, or even distorted by black holes to "closed" elastic space-time, so light that will only fly along the geodesic line will only plunge headlong into the black hole and never come out again.

Although humans have been studying black holes for decades, since the most recent black holes in the constellation V616 are all 2,800 light-years away, there is actually very little <> about black holes

Photons have no mass and are the only seeds with a mass of 0 that physicists have discovered so far. In fact, people know very little about black holes, and I think the more novel they are, the more they don't understand them. Will definitely be intrigued.

A photon has no mass, but it is still attracted to black holes, black holes are particularly dense, it can attract all matter, including photons, strictly speaking, it is not that it has no mass at all, but that it is very light and very light. Close to 0.

Although it is said that there is no mass, black holes are particularly scary, no matter what kind of energy can be sucked in, and photons have special functions after being sucked into the black hole.

Because black holes are not the gravity of the earth, they need to have the effect of mass, and the gravitational pull of black holes is very large, and generally the matter around them will be absorbed by the black hole.

Photons have no mass and are attracted to black holes, because although photons do not have static mass, they still have energy, because the space-time velocity of the expansion of the universe is more than the speed of motion in matter is a concept.

Because the gravitational pull of a black hole is so huge that it can absorb any matter, and a photon is also a substance, the photon is attracted to the black hole.

The reason why the first point is attracted to black holes without mass is that his whole speed is very fast, and the second point is actually very simple, as far as a law of nature goes, whoever is powerful must be attracted to whom.

Black holes are celestial bodies that distort space-time, making it impossible for any matter to escape.

This needs to be understood from two perspectives.

One is quantum mechanics. French physicist de Broglie put forward the theory that all matter has wave-particle duality, and then several scientists such as German physicist Planck established the theory of quantum physics, in terms of photons (the particle properties of light), photons must have mass. But the mass of the photon is different from the mass of the physical substance.

Light has no rest mass, only kinetic mass, and this is because photons have energy, and if there is energy, there will be momentum, and there must be mass. But once the photon is at rest, its mass disappears. Thus, Newtonian mechanics can be used to explain that black holes are able to attract light.

The second is the general theory of relativity. Mass can bend and deform space, and black holes have mass, so they can also deform nearby space. And because of the extremely small radius of the black hole (as small as a single point), the space around it is bent to the extreme, so that the space closes itself.

No substance, including light, can never be separated once it enters this enclosed space. In this sense, it is not the black hole that attracts light, but the light that still travels in a short-range line in this curved space.

In the figure below, Figure 1 is a Newtonian interpretation of a black hole; Figure 2 is the Einstein interpretation of a black hole. The rays in the two images can be matched one-to-one.