Modern design since the Western Renaissance

1. Sandro Botticelli

He pays attention to the use of line modeling, emphasizing graceful and elegant rhythms and rich and bright colors. His paintings are mostly based on literary works and ancient myths and legends, and are no longer limited to religious themes, which allows him to express his personality and worldly feelings more freely. His masterpieces "The Birth of Venus" and "Spring" are full of tender poetry and humanist optimism.

2. Leonardo da Vinci.

Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most outstanding representatives of the entire Renaissance, the picture is full of scientific spirit and philosophical thinking, and his representative works include "Angel Annunciation", "Madonna of the Rocks", "The Last Supper", "Mona Lisa" and so on.

3. Raphael.

Raphael embodied humanist ideas in a beautiful, poetic pictorial language. His representative works include "The Lyceum of Athens", "Sistine Madonna", "The Holy Family", "The Virgin and Child and St. John", "The Betrothal of the Virgin Mary" and so on.

4. Giovanni Bellini.

Giovanni Bellini is considered the founder of the Venetian school. He pays attention to the description of scenery and poetizes natural scenery, so that his works are full of tranquility and elegance. His representative works include "Our Lady with a Little Tree", "The Feast of God" and "Our Lady of the Lake".

5. Titian. Titian's work is not as lyrical and serene as Giorgione's, but magnificent, passionate and imaginative, with intense colors and unrestrained brushwork. Under the guidance of humanist thought, he inherited and developed the painting art of the Venetian School, and advanced the use of color, shape and brushstrokes in oil painting to a new stage.

His representative works include "Venus", "Man with Gloves", "Paul III" and "God of Flowers".

Renaissance works of fine art:

1. The Academy of Athens

Raphael, an outstanding Italian painter during the Renaissance, is also known as the "Three Masters of the Renaissance" along with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, and is also the youngest of the Three Masters.

2. "Portrait of a Woman Holding a Unicorn".

He represents the pinnacle of what Renaissance artists could achieve in their careers in ideal beauty.

3. "Our Lady of Granduca".

He was of a peaceful and elegant disposition, and created a large number of Madonna, which, like his paintings, fully embody tranquility, harmony, harmony, symmetry, and perfect and serene order.

4. The Academy of Athens (Part 1).

Raphael's works have drawn on the strengths of many families and formed their own unique style, which is a representative of Mannerism, and also represents the most admired aesthetic taste of the people at that time, and has become an unattainable model for later classicists.

5, "The Girl in the Scarf".

Raphael devoted himself to studying the artistic characteristics of the masters of various schools, and carefully comprehended and learned from others, especially Leonardo da Vinci's compositional techniques and Michelangelo's human expression and majestic style.

The design concept was born during the Italian Renaissance.

The Italian Renaissance went through four main stages in artistic development:

The first phase lasted from the late 13th century to the mid-14th century. This stage was the preparatory period for the Renaissance. It is mainly centered in Florence, Italy, and its representatives include Cimabue, Giotto, Duccio, Lorenzetti, Masaccio, etc.

In 1455 Aéneo Sylvio Piccolomini noted: "With Petrarca literature is revitalized, and with Giotto (1267-1337) the painters' hands are revealed." We see that both of these arts have reached a state of perfection.

Side-to-side. The second stage, from the middle of the 14th Denier Oak period to the first half of the 15th century, was the middle Renaissance or development period.

The main representatives are Angelico, Paolo Uccello, Filipo Lippi, Lorenzo Ghiberti, Ghirlandaio, Francesca;

Perugino, Botticelli, Donatello, etc.;

The third stage, from the second half of the 15th century to the 16th century, was the heyday of the Renaissance, when the center of gravity of the Renaissance shifted to Rome. The main representatives are Leonardo da Vinci, Raffaelo, Michelangelo;

The last fourth stage, from the second half of the 16th century to the early 17th century, was the late Renaissance, which was represented by the rise of the Venetian school, whose main artists were Tiziano, Giorgione, Veronese and Tintorentto.

From the 15th century onwards, the influence of the Renaissance spread to Germany, Flanders and the Netherlands in Northern Europe. There is no doubt that Italy, as the birthplace and center of the Renaissance movement in Europe, has made great achievements in art.

The greatest designer of the Renaissance was Andrea Palladio.

André Pallatea, an Italian architect in the late Renaissance, devoted his life to the study of classical architecture and had his own set of proportional laws for architecture.

He left behind a large number of outstanding architectural works and the essence of his architectural philosophy, the "Four Books of Architecture", which influenced generations of architects.

Andrea Palatio's character story

Born in 1508, Palladian apprenticed a stonemason at the age of 13 and mastered the basic skills of stone working. He then moved to Vicenza, where he first worked as an assistant in a stone workshop.

Later, he met the noble man in his life, that is, the well-known scholar Trisino. Tricino commissioned Palatio's stone workshop to expand his villa, and it was in this practice that Palatio mastered the design principles of the rollers of classical architecture.

The Renaissance led to the development of archaeology, and the process of archaeology enabled literate intellectuals to adopt the way of craftsmen, and the combination of craftsmen and knowledge promoted the germination of modern science.

Early Renaissance art was the Italian Renaissance.

With the transition from the Middle Ages to the New Era, new realistic elements began to emerge. The period of exploration of new artistic spirits and factors by the largest group of artists of the early Renaissance.

The artists of the early Italian Renaissance, getting rid of the norms of the Middle Ages, with the help of rational and scientific knowledge, tried to open up a new situation in art creation, so that vivid images and scenes were reflected in art works, making it a kind of reproducible art. In the field of painting, they explored, tried their best to make the two-dimensional plane have a three-dimensional sense of space, and made the human activities three-dimensional, so as to achieve the kind of illusion effect that the ancient Greeks had pursued, so that people could regard art as a portrayal of real life, as something that could be felt, melted, and known. This practice, starting in Florence, gradually spread throughout Italy.

It embodies a new spirit, adapts to the requirements of the times, and paves the way for the arrival of the Renaissance in the heyday.

1.The most iconic (and groundbreaking) buildings of the Renaissance are the Medici Palace and the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, both of which were built under the auspices of Brenneschi. They subverted the architectural traditions that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, especially the architectural style represented by the Gothic towers (compare Notre-Dame Cathedral and Cologne Cathedral), and the Medici Palace was built by Brenneschi with the support of Cosimo of the Medici family, whose architectural ideas were not endorsed by anyone at a time, only Cosimo de' Medici supported his unique architectural style.

At the beginning of the 14th century, the Medici Palace was built, and in the courtyard of the building, Romanesque columns became the main structure supporting the house (and not just part of the exterior decoration, as in the case of Notre-Dame de Paris), which was a "retro new idea" at the time.

The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore is a masterpiece of Brenneschi. Throughout the church, there are no columns in the chambers, because the chambers were completed decades before Brenneschi. Brennetski, who completed the dome of the church (a difficult problem for architects for decades), took inspiration for the structure of the Florentine Pantheon (a work from the Roman era), using a gradual approach of angles and a dome frame in marble to make the dome very strong.

The dome of the cathedral was described at the time: "It was so good that it reached the sky and surrendered its shadow to the whole of Tuscany". In general, the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore is a work of transition from medieval architecture to Renaissance architecture, but already reflects the architectural characteristics of the Renaissance.

Renaissance architecture is represented by the Cathedral of Pisa, the Louvre (typical example of the penetration of the Italian Renaissance into France), the Tuileries Palace (built by the Italian Catherine de' Medici after becoming Queen of France under the influence of Renaissance ideas, and was partially destroyed by fire in 1871), the Basilica of San Lorenzo, the Uffizi Gallery (with a large use of columns), and St. Peter's Basilica (Vatican).

The architecture of this period is characterized by the extensive use of Romanesque columns as supports, huge domes, complex and ornate decorations and interior paintings, etc., the product of the continuous ornate and complex Renaissance (14th-17th century) style architecture is the Baroque style architecture, which is famous for its bright colors, gorgeous decorations, and grand momentum, integrating the architectural characteristics of the Renaissance era, focusing on the use of columns and domes, and the internal lighting conditions are also improved compared with medieval church buildings.

2.Renaissance period, equivalent to China's Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), at this time China's architectural model is the Ming Forbidden City, Ming Ming Tombs and Ming Tombs, Ming Dynasty architectural art, especially the outstanding feature of the imperial tomb architectural art is to pay attention to the building itself and the surrounding environment (especially the mountain) of the cooperation, Ming Ming Tombs and Ming Filial Piety Mausoleum are models of building tombs on the mountain. In addition, the garden art of the Ming Dynasty is quite outstanding, Tianyi Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, and Yu Garden are all famous representatives.

A new trend of thought emerged during the Renaissance movement, and humanism was the core of the Renaissance, emphasizing the human.

The main characteristics of intrinsic nature, values, free will, secular life and secular education are manifested in the following aspects:

1> Use scientific methods to explore the laws of human body modeling, and change the medieval flat decoration style to a painting method that uses concentrated perspective, light and shade effects, and expresses three-dimensional space.

2> In the subject matter of religious mythology, abstract gods were painted as secularized and idealistic people who met the requirements of the new bourgeoisie, and succeeded in creating a new style of figure painting.

3>.Artistic roots: First, classical art, re-adopting the art forms of ancient Greece and Rome; The second is to use scientific perspective techniques to reproduce the shape of entities with three-dimensional space, and make good use of anatomy to express the real human body structure.