What are atomization and order in junior high school science books

You're probably in junior high right now. Let's use an analogy with you: think of a family that is about to divorce as a molecule.

If the child lives with the mother, then the child and the mother can be seen as an atomic group. And Dad lives alone, so Dad alone can't be treated as an atomic group.

The atomic cluster must have at least two or more atoms bonded together and be charged, negatively charged, which is anion, and positively charged, which is cationic. The atoms in the atomic cluster are generally more stable when they are put together, and they are going to go, and they are going to come together, and they are coming together. Participate in new reactions.

Just like the above analogy, if the mother wants to form a family with someone else again, then, in general, bring the child. It's like this atomic group has a new reaction with parting and forms a new family.

So what is an order? I will also use parables to talk to you. In life, some people can drink alcohol, and some people can't.

Then, if he drinks a lot of wine, when he drinks 5 bottles of wine, he is drunk, and when he drinks the first bottle of wine, he shows a first order. Drink one more bottle, and it's two orders. In normal times, he can't drink more alcohol because he has to go to work, and usually only drinks one, two or three bottles.

If he's in a bad mood, he'll drink four or five bottles. And some people can't drink, only one bottle of alcohol, no matter how much he drinks, one bottle will be drunk.

The same is true of the order of atoms or clusters of atoms. Some atoms will often be in their relatively stable phase state during general reactions, and if there are special circumstances, then they will reach the pole of electron gain and loss.

Some atoms can get more, some can get less, and atoms are different from atoms, just like the amount of alcohol that people drink.

Of course, this is just a metaphor and a bit unscientific.

If there is anything you don't understand, you can add the question. I hope it helps you understand.

The above one is too annoying.

Atomic cluster: An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, the protons are positive, the neutrons are neutral, and the electrons are negative, and the neutrons combine the protons, and the protons and neutrons make up the nucleus. And because the atom is neutral, there are electrons with the same number of protons around the nucleus around the nucleus, which forms the nucleus.

Valency: The electron is surrounded by a certain orbit around the nucleus, there are many layers, the electrons in the outer shell of the atom are easy to gain and lose, the atom has a certain valence, such as hydrogen, the outermost shell has 1 electron, easy to lose, there is no negative charge of electrons, only the proton of the nucleus has a positive charge, so the valency of hydrogen is positive valence.

(name) (spelling) (number of charges ) relative to atomic mass).

Nitrate ion]: no3 -1 62

Hydroxide ion]: OH -1 17

Ammonium ion] : NH4+ +1 18

Sulfate ion]: SO4 2 -2 96

Sulfite ion]: SO3 2 -2 80

Carbonate ion]: CO3 2 -2 60

Bicarbonate ion]: HCO3 -1 61

Phosphate ion]: PO4 3 -3 95

Chloride]: Cl -1

Manganate]: mNO4 2 -2 119

Permanganate ion]: mNO4 -1 119

Hydroxide ions, oh-, 17

Nitrate ion, NO3-, 62

Ammonia ion, NH4+, 18

sulfate ion, SO42-, 96

Carbonic acid heel ion, CO32-, 60

Phosphate ion, PO43-, 95

Nitrate ion: NO3 (with 1 unit negative charge).

Ammonium ions: NH4+ (with 1 unit positive charge) Sulfate ions: SO42 (with 2 units of negative charge) hydroxide ions:

OH (with 1 unit negative charge) Carbonate ions: CO3 2 (with 2 units of negative charge) Phosphate ions: PO4 3 (with 3 units of negative charge) Lower atomic clusters appear in elementary chemistry:

Bicarbonate ions: HCO3 (with 1 unit negative charge) Sulfite ions: SO32 (with 2 units of negative charge) Sulfur ions:

S2 (with 2 units of negative charge) Permanganate ion: Mno4 (with 1 unit of negative charge) Nitrite ion: NO2 (with 1 unit of negative charge) Bisodium ion:

HPO42 (with 2 units of negative charge.

Common atomic clusters in junior high school chemistry: (Not to mention the relative mass of each atomic cluster, you can add the relative atomic mass of each atom in the atomic cluster).

Nitrate ion: NO3 (with 1 unit negative charge).

Ammonium ions: NH4+ (with 1 unit positive charge) Sulfate ions: SO42 (with 2 units of negative charge) hydroxide ions:

OH (with 1 unit negative charge) Carbonate ion: CO3 2 (with 2 units of negative charge) Phosphate ion: PO4 3 (with 3 units of negative charge) Chloride:

Cl (with 1 unit of negative charge) in junior chemistry appears less atomic clusters:

Bicarbonate ions: HCO3 (with 1 unit negative charge) Sulfite ions: SO32 (with 2 units of negative charge) Sulfur ions:

S2 (with 2 units of negative charge) Permanganate ion: Mno4 (with 1 unit of negative charge) Nitrite ion: NO2 (with 1 unit of negative charge) Bisodium ion:

HPO4 2 (with 2 units of negative charge) Common atomic clusters and rare atomic clusters in junior high school are basically these, if the landlord has other questions, I can also help you answer.

Sulfate ions.

Carbonate ions.

Hydroxide ions.

Nitrate ions.

Ammonium ions.

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Introduction Definition.

In many chemical reactions, groups of atoms that participate in the reaction as a whole are called clusters.

OverviewCharged atomic clusters are also called roots or groups, such as hydroxide OH-, nitrate NO3-, carbonate CO32-, sulfate SO42-, chlorate CLO3-, phosphate PO43-, bicarbonate HCO3-, ammonium NH4+, etc. It is worth noting that atomic clusters cannot exist independently, but are only a component of a compound.

In solution, the atomic clusters participate in the reaction as a whole. Various atomic clusters have their own characteristic reactions, such as CO32- turning into CO2 when it meets acid, SO42- when it meets Ba2+ to produce a white precipitate insoluble in dilute nitric acid, and OH- makes the phenolphthalein test solution turn red. The presence of roots can be tested using characteristic reactions.

Note the distinction between manganate mno42- and permanganate mno4-, both of which have the same composition, but the valency of manganese is different, so the root price is different. The valency of the atomic cluster is equal to the algebraic sum of the valencies of the elements in the root.

Common atomic clusters: NH4+ ammonium, SO42-sulfate, NO3-nitrate, OH-hydroxide, CO32-carbonate.

The above are common, and there are some uncommon.

PO43-phosphate MNO4-permanganate MNO42-manganate (these two roots look similar, but the valency of manganese is different, manganese in permanganate is heptavalent, manganese in manganate is positive hexavalent) Clo3-chlorate Clo4-perchlorate SO32-sulfite NO2-nitrite HCO3-bicarbonate HSO4-bisulfate HSO3-bisulfite CLO-hypochlorite.