Why does space breeding seem lofty, but in fact it is lagging behind?

Breeding is to breed new varieties, and breeding can be divided into various forms such as hybrid breeding, mutagenesis breeding, haplotype breeding, polyploid breeding, and transgenic breeding. Regardless of the means used for breeding, the crop must be genetically modified. Space breeding is a kind of mutagenesis breeding, which is to send the seeds or tissues of some crops to space, and the strong radiation of space will induce genetic mutations in crops, resulting in new genes and new traits.

By screening out the many variations, a new crop variety can be gradually developed.

Space breeding seems to be very high, but it is actually a very inefficient and backward breeding method. It is completely unknown in advance what kind of mutations the seeds will make when they are irradiated with various rays in space. Space breeding can produce a wide variety of new traits, which often need to be analysed and processed to screen out the variants that are beneficial to humans from a large number of experimental materials.

The space crops you see often have huge sizes, but in fact, space breeding is not directional, and the traits of crops are also indispensable. You see huge space crops, which are just artificially selected high-quality traits, and behind them there are countless traits that are not in good condition that have been eliminated.

Moreover,Sending mutagenic material into space, receiving radiation from space, and then returning it to the ground is expensive. And what you may not have noticed is that it is not necessary to go to space to change the genes of crops by means of radiation mutagenesis, and seeds or other mutagenic materials can also be bombarded with various rays on the ground. Mutagenesis breeding on the ground is much cheaper than in space.

In today's rapid development of molecular biology, the advantages of molecular breeding are becoming more and more prominent. The use of molecular breeding technology has a strong purpose, and the target gene can be directly introduced into the recipient cell, which can accurately express the traits of new crops. In addition, the introduction of the gene of interest can also overcome the incompatibility of distant hybrids.

At present, almost all papayas on the market are cultivated through molecular breeding technology. Northerners can eat papaya all year round, thanks to this precise breeding technology.

Because space breeding is actually equivalent to the current greenhouse vegetables, it is outdated.

Space breeding is actually equivalent to the current greenhouse vegetables, which is no longer suitable for current technology.

Because space breeding has exceeded its original meaning, it can now be done on the continent.

Because with the rapid development of technology, this is actually a previous technology.

Because it was an experiment many years ago, it is now outdated.

Because space breeding is no longer a problem for today's technology.

In fact, it is not lagging behind, but some self-righteous people think that there are alien technologies that are more advanced than people.

Because when Yang Liwei went to space, he had already studied this topic.

It is equivalent to letting him grow into a plant normally under weightless conditions.

In spaceCosmic raysSpace breeding essentially only accelerates the natural variation that takes hundreds or even millennia to produce in the biological world.

As a mutagenesis breeding technology, space breeding can cause genetic mutations such as deletion, duplication, translocation, and inversion of chromosomes in crops themselves. This variation is the same as the natural variation of plants in nature, but with a change in time and frequency.

Space breeding is to mutate the seeds of crops themselves, without the introduction of foreign genes. Space food is selected according to human needs, not genetically modified food.

As for pollution, it is a problem of cultivation methods and the use of pesticides and fertilizers.

Significance:

1. The space environment contains extremely rich and diverse resources. Space breeding, a new means of selecting and breeding improved varieties, has economic benefits that cannot be underestimated.

and social benefits. Space breeding is also a successful attempt to harness space resources.

2. Advanced aerospace technology is the rapid cultivation of excellent varieties and specific germplasm resources.

It has opened up a new avenue and shown great prospects for mankind to enter the age of space agriculture.

The reason for space breeding:It is not possible to simulate the space environment on the ground。We all know that there are many ionic radiation lines and space magnetic fields in the universe, which cannot be simulated by the earth. Moreover, the high vacuum and clean cosmic environment will also cause some mutations in the seeds.

Therefore, the new varieties cultivated by aerospace rice have the characteristics of large variation, large amplitude, fast stability, high yield, good quality, early maturity and strong disease resistance.

This rice variety can effectively shorten the hybrid breeding cycle after returning to the ground。For example, the new rice variety Yuhang 1, which was bred by aerospace mutagenesis, has a plant about 14 cm lower than that of Zhengjia splitting the sky, shortens the growth cycle by 13 days, and increases the yield by 5% and 10%. Short plants can enhance the lodging resistance of rice, while short growth cycle can reduce temperature differences, harvest early, and improve yield.

The reason why these advantages are mutating in is from space is becauseThe intensity of radiation in space is much higher than that of Earth, and in microgravity and high vacuum, the genes of seeds can vary greatly。After all, plants that have grown on the earth for hundreds of millions of years, whether in morphology, physiology or evolution, are all affected by the gravitational pull of the earth.

Once weightless and blinded by other radiation influences, some genetic variations may occur that are difficult to produce in the terrestrial environment. Through the research and cultivation of experts, it is possible to extract the effective and useful parts of itAfter in-depth analysis, higher yields and better quality can be obtained.

Chang'e-5 "Space Rice" ushered in the harvest:

On the morning of July 9th, the summer was scorching and the rice fragrance was wafting. In the field of the experimental base of South China Agricultural University, Guo Taoyuansun, deputy director of the Huanong National Plant Aerospace Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, and Wang Jiafeng, associate researcher and laboratory director of the Aerospace Breeding Center, are harvesting rice in the field.

In the near autumn, the offspring of this batch of "Chinese Tiandao" will begin to raise seedlings in the laboratory and be transplanted into the field; In the next few years, they will continue to breed on the land of Guangdong for generations, purify excellent traits, and are expected to become 100% original Chinese new rice varieties.

The significance of space breeding is significant and broad, which can be summarized in the following aspects.

1. Directly serve the biological, food and health production and marketing industry

The use of space technology to develop crop cultivation is one of the most cutting-edge science and technology in the field of planting in the world today, and the space seeds, space crops, and space biosphere currently being studied are closely related to the planting industry and have very attractive broad development prospects. At present, 13 varieties have passed the national examination, and 43 strains have been planted and promoted in a large area. With the rapid development of China's aerospace industry, the space environment will play a greater role in agriculture, biotechnology and microbial pharmaceuticals, so that the space environment can better benefit mankind, the biggest advantage of breeding with space technology is that it can create rare mutant gene resources that are difficult to obtain by other mutagenesis breeding methods in a relatively short period of time, which may completely change the wandering situation of "difficult climbing" in plant breeding research in the past 10 years, and cultivate breakthrough excellent varieties. Directly serve the production of biological cultivation.

2. Create high social and economic benefits

At present, new varieties and strains of medicinal mushrooms, edible mushrooms, green peppers, tomatoes, rice and wheat have been successfully cultivated, and significant social and economic benefits have been obtained in production. On the other hand, the excellent new germplasm and new materials created by space technology breeding can be widely used in conventional breeding and heterosis breeding, so as to breed more new varieties with high yield, high quality and strong resistance, and promote the continuous development of crop yield and planting and breeding industry in a wider range, and its social and economic benefits will be even greater. For example, the "space pumpkin" cultivated by the "space resistant to air seeds" produced by space breeding, the weight of a single melon body is 46kg, and the price is 1,200 yuan, and the product attracts customers.

3. Space breeding can shorten the breeding cycle

Normal crop breeding generally takes 8 years, but space breeding can be cut in half. Because space mutagenesis breeding makes organisms mutate much faster than the natural mutation of plants in nature, the time required is short and the frequency is very large, and it can effectively accelerate or shorten the natural variation of the biological world in a short period of hundreds or even thousands of years. In addition, cosmic rays and radiation are strong in space, which is an important condition for genetic mutation in plants.

Therefore, after the seeds are carried back from space, only four generations of planting are needed on the ground to breed varieties with stable performance, which can greatly shorten the breeding cycle. Bucket do.

4. Space breeding has created a new breeding model

Space breeding has created a new breeding model and provided new technical support for the development of modern traditional Chinese medicine agriculture. Therefore, the introduction and trial planting of "space medicinal materials", "space vegetables" and "space food" are also gradually rising in the country.