The principle of the lowest entropy generation, what is the principle of minimum entropy

The second law of thermodynamics, also known as the principle of entropy increase.

Entropy increase principle: It means that the entropy of an isolated thermodynamic system does not decrease, but always increases or does not change. It is used to give the evolution of an isolated system.

Direction. This shows that an isolated system cannot develop towards a low-entropy state, that is, it will not become orderly.

The entropy increase principle shows that only the process of ds 0 can occur under adiabatic conditions, where ds = 0 represents the reversible process. ds>0

Represents an irreversible process, and a DS<0 process is not possible. But the reversible process is an ideal process after all.

Thus, under adiabatic conditions, all possible practical processes increase the entropy of the system until it reaches equilibrium.

The principle of entropy increase is suitable for thermodynamically isolated systems, and the law of conservation of energy is a law that describes the universal application of nature. The law of entropy increase only.

Suited to isolated systems, this is the crux of the matter. In fact, it is the synthesis of absolute connection and relative isolation that is the essence of the movement of things.

Entropy increase principle: It means that the entropy of an isolated thermodynamic system does not decrease, but always increases or does not change. It is used to give the direction of evolution of an isolated system. It shows that an isolated system cannot develop towards a low-entropy state and will not become orderly.

Boltzmann once carefully studied the scene before and after the collision of two spherical molecules, and claimed to be able to prove that the entropy before the collision is less than the entropy after the collision, so the entropy is increasing. But his proof is wrong, because if so, the same process of argumentation can be applied in the opposite direction of time.

Entropy increase principle: In the process of irreversible micro-changes in an isolated thermal system, the change in entropy is always greater than the ratio of the heat absorbed by the system from the heat source to the thermodynamic temperature of the heat source. Can be used to measure the degree to which a process is irreversible.

The principle of minimum entropy of the network is the theoretical basis for establishing the correspondence between the network entropy system and the material system. The entropy of an optimized network plan will be minimized, and the total energy consumed by the corresponding material system will be minimized. This conclusion is called the principle of minimum entropy generation in the network.

Another cornerstone of linear irreversible thermodynamics is the minimum entropy generation theorem. A metal rod is heated at one end and cooled at the other end, as long as the two ends maintain a definite temperature t1 and t2, after a period of time, there is a temperature distribution on the metal rod that does not change with time, and the metal rod is in a stable state at this time. The system is in a steady state, and the entropy generation p is taken as the minimum.

This is the minimum entropy generation theorem.

This conclusion is both interesting and disappointing. Interestingly, it illustrates that the stationary state near the equilibrium state has"potential"Function. Just as the free energy f has a minimum for the equilibrium state, the minimum entropy generation can be used as a criterion for the stationary state near the stationary state.

What is the so-called "law of increasing entropy"? It reveals the ultimate destiny of the universe, the eventual death of all things.

Entropy describes the chaos of the particles in the system, and the entropy increase principle refers to the fact that in a closed system, the chaos of the system will increase, and the entropy will increase with it.

The physical meaning of entropy.

Complex entropy is the nature of matter, and it is a very important state function of the system, and the disorder of the system increases.

Cheng is the process of entropy increasing DAO, so it can be said that entropy is a function of the disorder of the system.

The entropy of the system does not decrease from one state to another through the adiabatic process—the entropy increase principle, which is a physical principle with the same status as the conservation of energy. To put it simply, entropy = chaos, and in a closed system, a change in the state of the system leads to an increase in entropy--- constantly becoming more chaotic.

In understanding the law of entropy increase and entropy increase.

Before that, you should first understand what entropy is.

1. The concept of entropy

In thermodynamics, entropy represents the energy that is not available in the system and is the thermodynamic parameter of the system. Entropy is primarily a measure of a system's ability to produce spontaneous processes.

In statistics, entropy represents the likelihood that a system will be in different microscopic states for a given macroscopic state. Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system.

Second, the concept of entropy increase

Entropy increase can be understood from three perspectives: physics, thermodynamics, and statistics.

In physics, the entropy increase process is a process in which a system develops from order to disorder, and this process is spontaneous.

In terms of thermodynamics, the entropy increase process is characterized by a constant total energy of the system, but a decrease in the available part of it.

Statistically, entropy-increasing systems are characterized by the fact that it is becoming increasingly difficult to describe their microscopic state.

3. The principle of entropy increase

For an isolated thermodynamic system, the entropy is always increasing or staying the same, and does not decrease at all. The principle of entropy increase describes the direction of evolution of an isolated system. This means that an isolated system will not develop in an orderly direction.

The law of entropy increase, also known as the second law of thermodynamics.

This law was proposed by Clausius. The law of entropy increase is that the flow of heat from a hot object to a cold object is irreversible. The law of entropy increase can be expressed in physical terms.

Expressed as: s = dq t or ds = dq t.

The entropy increase principle shows that for adiabatic processes, only the process of ds 0 generally occurs, and when ds = 0, it means that this is a reversible process. DS>0 indicates that this is an irreversible process.

Under adiabatic conditions, entropy.

The process of reduction is not possible. The process that may occur is generally to increase the entropy of the system and directly reach a state of relative equilibrium.

We all know the perpetual motion machine.

It is against the second law of thermodynamics. The principle of entropy increase is actually another description of the second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics is also subject to use.

This condition includes the following two: One is that the system is linear. The other is that the system is all isotropic. Target.

Entropy increase means that the entropy of an isolated thermodynamic system does not decrease, and the total amount increases or remains the same.

is the law of thermodynamics, which is molded out by Clausius and is expressed as, s = dq t or ds = dq t. Laugh slowly.

It means that if something is not disturbed by other factors, or faith can go from order to disorder; I know that this law is that it can promote people to be positive, help people regulate their behavior, and change bad habits.

The concept of "entropy" was first proposed in the field of thermodynamics, and is a physical quantity that expresses the degree of chaos in matter.

However, because the physical quantity "entropy" is not like the physical quantities of "temperature" and "pressure", which can be directly measured by existing technology, the concept of "entropy" is very abstract and cannot be intuitively understood.

So, what exactly is "entropy" and how do you understand it in layman's terms?

Imagine a scene with a colony of small ants in a static, transparent, airtight container. From a distance, the group of ants as a whole is in a state of rest. But when we look closer, every ant is in constant motion.

When we slowly heat the container, the ants gradually increase their movement speed because of the heat, and each ant is dizzy and panicked, and the movement behavior becomes more and more chaotic. At this time, the ant colony is very chaotic, and it can be considered that the degree of confusion is very large.

On the contrary, as we cool the container, as the temperature decreases, the ants move more and more slowly, no longer dizzy and panicked, and the colony becomes less chaotic. When the temperature drops to a certain temperature, the ants will even be "frozen" in place and no longer move. At this time, it can be considered that the ant colony is "not a little chaotic".

The degree of chaos in this ant colony can be understood as "entropy"; In other words, it can be measured by the concept of "entropy".

When the container is heated, the movement of the ants becomes more and more chaotic, and we can consider that the "entropy" of the ant colony is getting bigger and bigger; When the container is cooled, the movement of the ants becomes slower and slower, and the degree of confusion becomes less and less, and it can be considered that the "entropy" of the ant colony is getting smaller and smaller. When each ant is "frozen" in place, the colony can be considered to have zero "entropy".

Now, replace the ant colony with some kind of substance, gas, liquid, solid can do, and replace each ant with molecules, atoms of matter. The "entropy" of the ant colony becomes the thermodynamic "entropy".

When matter absorbs heat, its own molecules or atoms will be like small ants in an ant colony, the movement will become more and more violent, the degree of chaos will become higher and higher, and the "entropy" of matter will increase; When matter is exothermic, the slower the "little ants" (molecules or atoms) move and the chaos decreases, and the "entropy" of matter decreases. The temperature at which the "little ants" (molecules or atoms) of matter can freeze still is the famous "absolute zero", that is, a temperature point that exists only theoretically, below which the "entropy" of the substance is zero.

This is how "entropy" is understood colloquially. With the expansion of human cognition, it has been found that the concept of "entropy" can not only be used in thermodynamics, but also covers other fields, especially the proposal of information "entropy", which greatly expands the application scope of "entropy". In the future, the scope of "entropy" will be further expanded.

It's a weekend again, and I worked overtime yesterday. Daily anxiety, not knowing what to do, always feeling that dreams are out of reach, while forcing yourself to do something to achieve your dreams, while ignoring the current life. On the one hand, he longs for intimacy, and on the other hand, he refuses to talk and share too much with the people around him.

On the one hand, I want to build my knowledge system by reading books, but on the other hand, I don't know what books I should read. On the one hand, I feel lonely and want to talk to someone, but I don't know who to call or who to talk to.

I don't know where this stress and anxiety comes from. It may be that I want to realize the ideal self that may not be realized, and the stubbornness and paranoia in my personality. It may also be holding a mobile phone every day and swiping information in the same field every day, information cocoon and reluctance to step out of the comfort zone.

The other day I was entangled in the law of entropy increase. Life must remain in a state of negative entropy, otherwise it will only become more and more chaotic and needless. When we gradually lose our work and control over our surroundings, about one thing, and over our own behavior, it may mean that we are aging and dying step by step.

Maintaining an open environment and maintaining the work of resisting entropy increase is the long-term way of life growth.