What have humans bred into cloned sheep using microscopic technology?

The world's first cloned sheep is named Dolly.

Dolly the cloned sheep is the world's first sheep cloned from mature somatic cells (mammary cells) that have already differentiated. This research is not only of great significance for embryology, developmental genetics, medicine, but also has great economic potential. Cloning technology can be used for organ transplantation for the benefit of mankind; Species can also be improved through this technology, bringing benefits to the livestock industry.

If cloning technology is combined with transgenic technology, it can "replicate" transgenic animals containing pharmaceutical raw materials in large quantities, so that cloning technology can better serve humans. At present, the world's first vegetatively bred transgenic sheep are also born in the UK.

Dolly's public debut in 1997 shook the whole world, and the American magazine Science named Dolly's birth as the first of the world's top ten scientific and technological advances that year.

Although there has been a breakthrough in nuclear transfer technology, the failure rate of cultivating synthetic egg cells is extremely high, and even if they are cultivated into embryos, many of them are defective or die early after birth. In February 2003, Dolly, who was less than 7 years old, was "euthanized" by scientific researchers due to a lung infection. Common sheep usually live for 11 to 12 years.

This research is not only of great significance for embryology, developmental genetics, medicine, but also has great economic potential. Cloning technology is available.

for organ transplantation for the benefit of mankind; It is also possible to improve the species through this technology, which can bring benefits to the livestock industry. When cloning technology is combined with transgenic technology, it is possible to "copy" in large quantities the transgenes containing the raw materials that can produce drugs.

animals, so that cloning technology can better serve humans. At present, the world's first vegetatively bred transgenic sheep are also born in the UK. However, relevant scientists in China have proposed that the application of cloning technology to human beings should be explicitly prohibited, otherwise it will be produced.

A series of disastrous problems in ethics, law, etc.

Somatic cells go one step further than embryonic cells because mammary cells have lost their totipotency as a somatic cell.

.The cloning of sheep was successful with a mammary gland cell that had lost its totipotency as somatic cells, which was a step further than embryonic cell cloning. (The meaning is correct).

Extract a nucleus from sheep A and put it into the cell of sheep B (nucleus-free), and then put this combined cell into the uterus of sheep C, and the baby has two mothers.

Cloning technology, embryo engineering technology, (animal cell culture technology).

Because the appearance of sheep cloning is many years earlier than the results of any futurists, and the cloning technology of sheep is qualitatively different from any previous technological invention of human beings: the products produced by any previous technological inventions are inanimate and intellectual, but the products of sheep cloning technology are individuals with independent life - mammals.

First of all, scientists in other parts of the world have to repeat the process of sheep cloning reported by Dr. Wilmut et al., and we can only say that humans have mastered the technology of sheep cloning when they can repeat this process in other laboratories and successfully clone another sheep, because technological inventions are characterized by reproducibility.

In the process of breeding Dolly sheep, scientists used somatic cell cloning technology. In other words, somatic cells are taken from an adult sheep, and the nucleus of this somatic cell is injected into the egg cell of another sheep, and the egg cell has been removed, and finally the newly synthesized egg cell develops in the womb of the third sheep to form Dolly the sheep. Theoretically, Dolly inherited the genetic traits of the sheep that provided the somatic cells.

The technique of breeding Dolly sheep has become the standard process for breeding somatic cloned animals today.

Animal cloning, including human cloning, is now one of the most controversial scientific topics. Technically, scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland experimented more than 200 times to successfully breed a Dolly, and it was found to have arthritis-like symptoms in 2001. Scientists believe that this in some ways reflects the shortcomings of current cloning technology.

Dolly's early death is expected to further spark related controversy.