What are the main materials and tools for oil painting?

The main materials and tools for oil painting are paint, brushes, knives, canvases, varnishes, frames, etc.

Pigments are divided into two categories: minerals and chemical synthesis. The first pigments were mostly mineral pigments, which were ground by hand into fine powders and blended during painting. In modern times, factories have been mass-produced and tin tubes have been filled, and the variety of pigments has been increasing.

The properties of pigments are related to the chemical composition they contain, and when mixing colors, chemical reactions can cause adverse reactions between some pigments. Therefore, mastering the properties of the pigment can help to get the most out of the painting technique and keep the color of the work unchanged over time.

Brushes, made of animal hair with moderate elasticity, are available in sharp round, flat flat, short flat and fan-shaped.

Painting knives, also known as palette knives, are made of elastic thin steel sheets, with pointed and round shapes, which are used to mix pigments evenly on the palette.

Canvas, a standard canvas, is made by mixing linen or canvas with white powder and brushing the surface of the cloth with glue or oil after being tightened on a wooden inner frame. Generally, it is made into a base that does not absorb oil and has a certain cloth effect, or a base that is semi-absorbent or completely absorbent according to the needs of creation. The thickness of the cloth is determined according to the size of the canvas, and it is also selected according to the needs of the painting effect.

Cloth painters use canvas with a painted base color, which is easy to form a uniform picture tone, and the background color can be inadvertently exposed when painting. After priming, non-absorbent wood or cardboard can also be used as a substitute for the canvas.

Varnish, usually after the painting is finished and dry, the cover is coated with varnish to maintain the gloss of the picture and prevent air erosion and dirt build-up.

Outer frame, complete oil painting works include outer frame, especially oil painting with strong realism, the outer frame forms the boundary of the viewer's vision of the work, making the picture appear complete and concentrated, and the objects in the painting develop in depth in the viewer's feeling. The thickness and size of the frame depend on the content of the work. The frames of classical oil paintings are mostly made of wood and gypsum, while the frames of modern oil paintings are mostly made of aluminum alloy and other metal materials.

Oil painting frames, oil canvases, oil brushes, oil painting knives, turpentine, toning oil easels, etc., and of course, you have to buy oil paints.

Oil painting requires a variety of tools such as painting boxes, easels, painting tables, painting stools, painting umbrellas, brushes, painting knives, etc.

1) Draw box. A toolbox used to hold painting materials such as paints, brushes, palettes, and blenders. It is mostly made of wood, with three retractable legs, which are used for indoor painting and sketching on the go.

2) Easel. It is used to fix the frame. According to the needs of the painter, the indoor easel can move the frame up and down, back and forth; Folding easels are used for field sketching. An easel can be combined with a painting case or a painting table – a box easel.

3) Draw the table. When painting indoors, it is used to place color palettes, paints, and other utensils and objects. The professional drawing table has a variety of functions and energy dissipation, and it is best to move and adjust the height freely.

4) Drawing stool. The height of the indoor painting bench can be adjusted, and the painting bench for sketching can be folded. There is also a trapezoidal painting bench that can be used to paint large oil paintings.

5) Draw an umbrella. It is used when you go out to sketch, so you can avoid the rain and block direct sunlight. Dedicated umbrellas usually come with a fixed setup.

6) Brushes. There are different pen types and sizes, divided into animal hair and artificial hair, which are used for color grading and picture coloring.

7) Be aware of the drawing knife. There are a variety of shapes. It is mainly used for color mixing, painting, color scraping, cleaning the drawing board, etc.

8) Color palette. There are two types, rectangular and oval, which are used for color mixing and pigment placement.

9) Oil pots. It is used to contain toning oil, turpentine and other blending agents. A small oil jug with a spring blade at the bottom can be clipped to the palette.

10) Pen washer. Used to scrub or set aside colored brushes.

11) Drawing sticks. Also known as a wrist cane. It is used to support the arm when painting. Destroy.

12) Bandage pliers. The jaws are wide, which is suitable for stretching the canvas.

In addition, various containers such as beakers, bottles, metal boxes, metal cans, as well as rulers, scissors, pliers, tape, clips, balances, copper mortars, hair dryers, spray guns, etc., can come in handy.

1. Bristle oil brush.

The tip of the bristle oil brush is generally bristles, the tip of this brush is strong, elastic and strong, easy to clean, and can provoke a relatively heavy pigment to paint textured brushstrokes, which is a commonly used brush when painting oil painting.

2. Soft bristle oil brush.

Soft hair oil brushes mainly include: wolf hair brush, mink brush, cow hair and camel hair brush and chemical fiber brush. Usually made from a mixture of mink or faux hair, this brush has a soft texture, soft and uniform coloring, and no obvious traces of brushstrokes, making it suitable for painting blurred backgrounds in the picture, but also for drawing local details.

3. Cow brush.

The cow brush is soft, the flexibility is good, it is more suitable for over-dyeing and coloring, there are no obvious brushstrokes on the picture and there is a very delicate texture, which is suitable for expressing classical painting.

4. Pencil. Pencil handwriting can be erased with an eraser, so you can draw a pencil before coloring for easy revision.

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5. a fan-shaped pen.

The bristles of this type of brush are sparse and flattened in the form of a fan. You can soften the outline with a swipe. When kneading with a fanpen, it is important to keep the brush itself clean, otherwise it will hinder its dexterity.

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6. Outline pen.

Oil painting lines are generally drawn with a softer pointed pen with slender and slender bristles, which are generally used to draw very delicate parts such as highlights and distant scenes.

7. Oil painting knife.

The oil painting knife is made of a metal blade and a wooden handle, which can be used to scrape off the pigments of the palette or to paint works with very pronounced textures.

8. Substrate. There are many substrates to choose from in oil paintings, but it is generally recommended for beginners to use the finished oil painting frame, which is convenient and quick to use. The texture of the canvas is also different, with the fine grain frame suitable for more delicate paintings such as portraits, and the coarse cloth frame suitable for paintings with thick color layers. Most of the frames used in this book are finished linen oil frames.

Before you can paint, you usually need to go through sketching and color (including the visual theory of color and gouache).

The tools of oil painting are mainly oil brushes, palette knives, color palettes, oil painting boxes (for tools and paints), easels, etc.; Materials include oil paper or canvas (with oil paper, you need to have a drawing board to hold it in place; The oil canvas needs to be fixed with a painting frame), oil paint (white paint is more expensive to use, so you should prepare more), toning oil, turpentine (usually used to clean brushes and palettes, but can also be used as toning oil), varnish (if you don't have to prepare it for ordinary exercises), etc.

Due to the size of the picture, the frame is usually made of wood, but it can also be purchased or customized according to your own size in a professional art supply store. The canvas can be made from canvas or cheesecloth, mainly by applying paint on the surface of the canvas to prevent oil penetration; The materials commonly used in the coating formula are latex and lithopone powder (Dabai), and other material formulations are different, but not indispensable, depending on personal habits. Basically, you can buy it at chemical stores.

There are many techniques in oil painting, which vary according to the genre and style of painting, but the basic technique is similar to gouache. It's hard to cover them all here. If you want to know more about it, I believe you can find such books on the market.

The question is really big, can I say that I need a canvas, a brush, an oil paint? Of course, if you want to make your own cloth, you need more things, and if you just want to draw and play, you should buy ready-made cloth. As for what kind of oil needs to be used as a medium, you also need to know a little bit, if not, you can go to the Academy of Fine Arts to take a class and take a look.

The basic includes: brushes, frames, canvases, scrapers, brushes, toning oils, turpentine, oil jugs, and easels.