How does chalk in bees work?

Honey bee chalk is caused by a fungus called Honey bee coccus, which only attacks bee larvae and is very viable, remaining active in nature for more than 15 years [1].

The occurrence of chalk disease depends largely on the temperature and humidity at that time, with obvious seasonality, generally this disease is mostly prevalent in spring and early summer, especially in rainy and humid climates with frequent temperature changes. During this period, the bee colony is mostly in the breeding period, and the upper subcircle of the nest spleen is relatively large, and the chance of cold at the edge of the nest spleen is relatively large, and the incidence rate is high. In bee colonies, diseased larval carcasses, as well as contaminated feed and nest spleen, are the main causes of disease transmission.

The optimal temperature for sporangia proliferation and formation is around 30, and the larvae are most susceptible to infection when the hive temperature drops from 35 to 30. Therefore, when the colony is multiplied in large numbers, it is most likely to occur when the larvae in the nest are cold due to poor heat preservation or insufficient mammalian bees. It occurs in April and October every year, with the peak in April and June.

Chalk disease can be induced by dampness, excessive separation of bees, feeding of old and moldy pollen, excessive use of antibiotics, alteration of the microflora in the gut of bees, and weak colonies [2].

Chalky larvae die before and after capping, and drone larvae are more susceptible to infection than worker larvae.

Italian bee chalk disease is a stubborn disease of bees, and only by fully understanding the ** of chalk disease can we master the correct way to deal with it.

Chalk, 10 grams per swarm each time, sprinkled on the surface and bee road, 1 time in 7 days, 6 8 months to insist on use.

There are also contaminated beehives and bee tools, each box is disinfected with 3 5 grams of sulfur, closed fumigation.

First, change the box and change the spleen.

1. Remove all the diseased insect spleen and pink honey spleen in the sick group, replace the queen bee with a clean nest spleen when laying eggs, and then carry out a comprehensive disinfection of the nest spleen.

2. In order to ensure the dryness of the inside and outside of the beehive, it is necessary to strengthen the insulation of the bee colony and move the bee colony away in the cold environment.

2. You can choose 40 grams of Sophora radix and 60 grams of Poria cocos mixed with 1000 ml of water for decoction, which can be boiled about 500 ml of liquid medicine, and then 10 grams of borneol and 50 grams of alum are ground into fine powder, poured into the liquid medicine, and after it is completely dissolved, add 20 ml of Xinjieer extinguishing liquid, spray the spleen once every other day, and spray about 4-5 times in a row, that is, a course of treatment. After the symptoms have eased, just in case, you can spray 2-3 times after 7 days.

4. You can choose the old raw garlic, peel it, crush each clove, a group of about kilograms, evenly placed on the bottom plate in the beehive, let the bees lick and eat, change it every 4 days, and put it 4 times in a row.

6. Choose 40 grams of dandelion, 20 grams of Chuanxiong, 12 grams of licorice, 60 grams of honeysuckle, 60 grams of forsythia, 60 grams of wild chrysanthemum, 60 grams of plantain, mix about 2 kg of water, boil into about 1 kg of potion, can be sprayed directly bees, can also be fed with sugar, about once every 3 days, 3 times is a course of treatment, about 3 courses of treatment**.

7. 10 grams of licorice, 20 grams of rhubarb, Coptis chinensis and cork, 15 grams of safflower, honeysuckle, Sophora sophora, and large green leaves, mix about 1000 ml of water, boil over low heat to make about 300 ml of liquid medicine and pour it out, then mix it with 200 ml of water for about 5 minutes, pour the liquid into the first liquid medicine and mix evenly, spray the spleen once a day, for 3 consecutive days.

What is the best method for bees to get chalk and what medicine to use.

You can use a clean beehive, replace the sick ones, and be sure to pay attention to the disinfection work, the situation is very serious, and it can be burned with fire.

In such a situation, try to use some pesticides, because if you don't, the crops will be greatly affected and extremely destructive.

In such a situation, we can choose to directly use some insecticides, which can effectively remove, and can also be wiped directly to reduce damage, and then add some nutrient solution or fertilizer in the later stage.

You should use a drug, spray it on the bees, and then strengthen the ventilation management and lower the temperature, so that it can be prevented and controlled, and the bees will not have a disease.

It is possible to change to a clean beehive, you can choose to spray some drugs on a sunny day, according to the ratio of 1:1, you can feed some syrup at night, and the pollen after purchase can only be fed after high temperature disinfection, and some soda ash is spread at the bottom of the box.

I used penicillin injection (800,000 units) mixed with sugar water and sprayed my spleen while feeding.

Chalk disease, also known as lime disease, is a fungal disease suffered by bee larvae, bee saccharocystis has strong vitality, its spores can survive for more than 10 years under dry conditions, after the bee colony suffers from this disease, it is difficult to completely **, and when the conditions are suitable, the speed of disease spread is also faster, so it is necessary to attach great importance to the occurrence of this disease, and it should be immediately after the onset of the disease. The external conditions for the occurrence of the disease are long-term rain, the site is humid, and the source of powder is less; The unfavorable conditions of the bee colony are that it has pathogens or its spores, and there are more spleens in the nest than bees, resulting in the reduction of the heat preservation ability of the worker bees, the stunted development of larvae, and the decrease in the ability to resist pathogens; Human factors include feeding sugar and powder with pathogens or poor quality of feed, resulting in stunted larval development; During the bee colony inspection, the nest spleen is changed urgently, and the bee equipment used is not disinfected at any time, and the potential disease colony is expanded. At the beginning of the disease, the diseased larvae become headless white larvae, and the body color is indistinguishable from that of healthy larvae, and the body surface is sterile filaments; In the middle stage, the larvae are soft and swollen, and the ventral surface begins to be covered with hyphae, and in the later stage, the whole larvae are covered with white hyphae, and the worm body shrinks and gradually hardens, like a powdery body.

If the dead larvae are found to be white or black, the surface is covered with mycelium or black spores. A large number of white hyphae can be seen under a low-power microscope.

1] Chalk disease is often associated with bees that are not adapted to the mutated climate, and the prevention and control of this disease should start with the management of bee colonies. First of all, remove all the diseased insect spleen and pink honey spleen in the sick group, replace it with a clean nest spleen for the queen bee to lay eggs, and the replaced nest spleen must be carefully disinfected. Then strengthen the insulation of the bee colony, move the bee colony away from the relatively cold environment, and ensure the dryness of the inside and outside of the beehive.

For the diseased bee colony, on the basis of the above measures, a certain amount of drugs should be carried out**, generally two pieces of mebendazole are mixed into powder and mixed into pollen to feed the bee colony, and they are fed continuously for 7 days. [2] Keep the colony clean and dry in a high-dry place to keep the nest clean and dry. Do not feed moldy and spoiled feed, and do not use old and moldy old spleen.

After the occurrence of this disease, all the diseased larval spleen and moldy pink honey spleen in the sick group are first withdrawn, and the clean and disease-free nest spleen is replaced for the queen bee to lay eggs. The replaced nest spleen is disinfected with sulfur dioxide closed fumigation for more than 4 hours, and the sulfur dosage is calculated according to 10 frames of nest 3 5 grams.

Diagnosis: At the beginning of the disease, the larvae have no change in body color and are headless white larvae; By mid-phase, the larval body is soft and swollen, and the body begins to grow with white hyphae; In the later stage, the carcass of the diseased insect gradually loses water, shrinks, hardens, and finally becomes a white or black calcareous lump, and the worker bees drag the calcareous larval carcass out.

Chalk causes the bee larvae to be calcareous.

Microscopic examination, pick the layer of the diseased larval carcass and coat it on the glass slide, add a drop of normal saline, and the white hyphae and spherical cysts and oval sporangia can be seen under low magnification. Prevention and control: strengthen feeding management.

Strictly implement the management regulations of apiaries in the selection of apiary sites, bee species selection, daily management of bee colonies, feed quality of bee colonies, bee disease prevention and control, and disinfection of equipment; At present, there are various related drugs for bee chalk on the market, such as: chlorin, nystatin, compound hibiscus skin tincture; Traditional Chinese medicine can also be used: honeysuckle, safflower, coptis, large green leaves, and Sophora sophora.

Note: It is strictly forbidden to use the drug during the production season.

Cretaceous disease is a fungal disease with rapid onset and wide range of harm, which is difficult to prevent and control. In fact, the prevention and control of chalk disease is not very difficult, everyone knows that the kimchi jar is a flower, this "flower" is actually a hyphal accumulation of anaerobic fungi, which can be easily solved with liquor.

The mycelium of chalk is also very sensitive to alcohol (ethanol), after the mycelium is found, spray all over the bee with 75 alcohol and the spleen and the box, spray more after the seriously ill group takes off the bees, and spray the corpses in the hive directly into the room for the worker bees to clean up, and generally 2 3 times the disease can be reduced. This method is convenient and effective, both to kill fungi and disinfect the inside of the box, but special attention should be paid to the queen bee try not to spray alcohol, if you accidentally spray some is fine. This method has been used to prevent and treat chalk for many years, and the chalk disease can be basically controlled.