The chemical effects of electric current are explained in electroplating.

The "chemical effect of electric current" is an electrochemical reaction. Electroplating makes use of this principle. DC power supply, metal wire (type 1 conductor), electrode (cathode and anode), and plating solution (type 2 conductor) constitute the electroplating system.

After the power supply is turned on, under the action of the electric field force, the electrons (actually the current) reach the cathode of the electroplating tank from the negative electrode of the DC power supply through the wire, and at the same time, the metal cations in the plating solution move to the cathode, and the electrons obtained at the cathode become metal, which are attached to the cathode to become a coating, the anode metal loses electrons and becomes ions into the plating solution, and the electrons reach the positive electrode of the power supply through the wire to complete a cycle. The DC power supply is like an electronic pump, constantly "pumping" electrons from the anode and transferring them to the cathode. In the process, a chemical reaction occurs at both poles of the electroplating tank, the cathode is a reduction reaction, and the anode is an oxidation reaction, which is the chemical reaction of electric current.

No one can read the questions you ask. I don't know what you're trying to say. Does "electroplating" be explained by "chemical effects of electric current"?

Or do you want to understand what electroplating is? The most popular understanding of simple "electroplating" is that the surface of a substance can be plated with metals, plastics, flowers, and even wood, ceramics, etc. b is one or more metals.

Explain you in the professional terminology, there are also in the book. If you are interested in learning electroplating, I can send you some information! For example, the third edition of the Electroplating Manual, the latest plating manual, etc.

Put the object to be plating in the electroplating solution container, connect the negative pole of the power supply to it, and connect the positive electrode to the solution. The electrons on the negative electrode increase after energizing.

The positive ions in the solution are electrons that turn back into solids and attach to the plated parts. The positive electrode loses electrons, and the positive metal becomes ionic.

Chemistry. There are three effects of electric current: thermal, magnetic, and chemical.

An electric current passes through the tungsten filament inside the bulb, and the tungsten filament heats up. The temperature is as high as 2800, and it glows in an incandescent state; An electric current passes through the electric furnace wire, which heats up to several hundred degrees Celsius. These Lie Sou phenomena are the thermal effects of electric currents. When an electric current passes through the conductor, it causes the surrounding magnetic needles to rotate.

When an electric current passes through a solenoid, it appears around it with the same properties as a strip-shaped rock clearing magnet, which is the magnetic effect of the electric current.

When the electric current passes through the aqueous solution of acid, alkali and salt, chemical changes will occur, such as the formation of bubbles, the precipitation of metals, etc., which is the chemical effect of the current, and electrolysis and electroplating are the chemical effects of the electric current.

Chemistry. The electric current has three effects: thermal, magnetic and chemical The current passes through the tungsten filament in the bulb, and the tungsten filament becomes hot The temperature is as high as 2800, and it glows in an incandescent state; An electric current passes through the electric furnace wire, and the electric furnace wire heats up to hundreds of degrees Celsius These phenomena are the thermal effect of the electric current When the current passes through the conductor, it can turn the surrounding magnetic needle

When the current passes through the solenoid, the surrounding area appears with the same property as the bar magnet, which is the magnetic effect of the current When the current passes through the aqueous solution of acid, alkali and salt, chemical changes will occur, such as bubble formation, metal precipitation, etc., this is the chemical effect of the current, electrolysis and electroplating are the use of the chemical effect of the current.

The principle of electrolysis of electric current! Electroplating is the process of using the principle of electrolysis to coat a thin layer of other metals or alloys on the surface of certain metals. The process of using electrolysis to attach a layer of metal film to the surface of metal or other materials.

It can prevent corrosion, improve wear resistance, conductivity, reflectivity and enhance aesthetics.

It is the use of the "chemical effect of electric current". A chemical change occurs at the time of electroplating. Of course, the solution will also heat up, but very little, and we want as little heat as possible.

During the electroplating process, it can be seen that sometimes bubbles are precipitated on the plated parts, and the test proves that these gases are hydrogen. This indicates that in the plating there is a part of the current that is consumed in the precipitation reaction of hydrogen. In other words, the current is not 100% used for the precipitation of metals.

The ratio of the current used to plating the metal to the total current passing through the plating bath is called the current efficiency.

The current efficiency of different plating types is different, and some are very high, such as acid copper plating, silver plating, etc., which can reach l00; Some are lower, such as cyanide copper plating, alkaline galvanization, etc., only about 60; Some are very low, such as chrome and so on less than 15.

The plating seed with low current efficiency not only wastes a lot of electrical energy, but also leads to the instability of the plating solution, and is prone to plating problems such as porosity, so under the condition that the process allows, the plating solution with higher current efficiency should be selected as much as possible.

Theoretically, current efficiency is defined as the ratio of the amount of material actually deposited or dissolved on the electrode to the amount precipitated or dissolved theoretically. It is usually denoted by the symbol :

where m - the amount of material actually precipitated or dissolved on the electrode;

m - theoretically calculated amount of material to be precipitated or dissolved;

Principle of electroplating. Electroplating requires a low-voltage, high-current power supply that supplies power to the plating bath and an electrolysis device consisting of the plating solution, the part to be plated (cathode) and the anode. The composition of the electroplating solution varies depending on the coating, but all of them contain the main salt that provides metal ions, the complexing agent that can complex the metal ions in the main salt to form a complex, the buffer used to stabilize the pH of the solution, the anodic activator and special additives (such as brightener, grain refiner, leveling agent, wetting agent, stress relief agent and fog inhibitor, etc.).

The electroplating process is a process in which the metal ions in the plating solution are reduced into metal atoms by electrode reaction under the action of an external electric field, and the metal is deposited on the cathode. Therefore, it is a metal electrodeposition process that includes steps such as liquid phase mass transfer, electrochemical reactions, and electrocrystallization.

In the plating bath containing the electroplating solution, the parts to be plated after cleaning and special pretreatment are used as cathodes, and the anodes are made of plated metal, and the two electrodes are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the DC power supply respectively. The electroplating solution consists of an aqueous solution containing a metal-coated compound, conductive salts, buffers, pH adjusters, additives, etc. After the power is applied, the metal ions in the electroplating solution move to the cathode to form a plating layer under the action of the potential difference.

The metal of the anode forms metal ions into the plating solution to maintain the concentration of the metal ions being plated. In some cases, such as chrome plating, it is an insoluble anode made of lead and lead-antimony alloys, which only plays the role of transferring electrons and conducting current. The concentration of chromium ions in the electrolyte is maintained by the regular addition of chromium compounds to the bath.

During electroplating, the quality of the anode material, the composition of the electroplating solution, temperature, current density, energizing time, stirring strength, precipitated impurities, power supply waveform, etc., will affect the quality of the plating layer, and it is necessary to control it in a timely manner.

First of all, there are six elements of electroplating solution: main salt, additional salt, complexing agent, buffer, anodic activator and additives.

The principle of electroplating includes four aspects: electroplating solution, electroplating reaction, electrode and reaction principle, and electrodeposition process of metal.

Electrochemical reaction in electroplating reaction: The following figure is a schematic diagram of the electroplating device, the part to be plated is the cathode, which is connected to the negative electrode of the DC power supply, the metal anode is connected to the positive electrode of the DC power supply, and the anode and the cathode are immersed in the plating solution. When a certain potential is applied between the cathode and the cathode, the following reaction occurs at the cathode:

The metal ion Mn+, which diffuses from the inside of the plating solution to the interface between the electrode and the plating solution, obtains n electrons from the cathode and is reduced to the metal M. On the other hand, at the anode, a reaction that is completely opposite to that of the cathode occurs, that is, the dissolution of metal M occurs at the anode interface, and n electrons are released to form the metal ion Mn+.

Electroplating is the process of using the principle of electrolysis to coat a thin layer of other metals or alloys on some metal surfaces, and it is a process that uses electrolysis to attach a layer of metal film to the surface of metal or other material parts, so as to prevent metal oxidation (such as rust) and improve aesthetics.

Chemical, electromagnetic induction hail with oak.

Electroplating is next to the source of the chemical effect of the collapse of electric current, and the generator works using the principle of electromagnetic induction

So the answer is: chemistry; Electromagnetic induction.

Electroplating is the use of the chemical effect of electric current Generators work using the principle of electromagnetic induction

So the answer is: chemistry; Electromagnetic induction.