Where was the history of mathematics invented, how was mathematics invented, and by whom?

René Descartes.

René Descartes (31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650), born 31 March 1596 in Turaine, Indre-et-Loire, France, died 11 February 1650 in Stockholm, Sweden, was a French philosopher, mathematician, and physicist. He made important contributions to the development of modern mathematics and is considered the father of analytic geometry for formulating the geometric coordinate system. He was also one of the founders of modern Western philosophical thought, a pioneer of modern materialism, and put forward the idea of "universal skepticism".

His philosophical ideas deeply influenced subsequent generations of Europeans and laid the foundation for the philosophy of "rationalism" in Europe.

Descartes is best known for his achievements as a mathematician. In 1637, he invented one of the fundamental tools of modern mathematics, the coordinate system, combining geometry and algebra to create analytic geometry. At the same time, he also derived geometric formulas such as Descartes' theorem.

It is worth mentioning that the famous heart-shaped line equation is also proposed by Descartes.

Philosophically, Descartes was a dualist as well as a rationalist. He was a pioneer of continental "rationalism". The most famous of Descartes' philosophical thoughts is his phrase "I think, therefore I am."

His First Philosophical Meditations

Also known as "Metaphysical Meditations".

It is still one of the required reading in the philosophy departments of many universities. In physics, Descartes applied his coordinate geometry to the study of optics, and for the first time made a theoretical deduction of the law of refraction in "Refraction Optics". In his Principles of Philosophy

Chapter 2 presents the law of inertia in the form of the first and second laws of nature for the first time in a relatively complete manner, and for the first time explicitly proposes the law of conservation of momentum. These were later for Newton.

et al.'s research has laid a certain foundation.

Legend has it that the founder of Chinese mathematics was Fu Xi. In the preface to the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic Notes, the mathematician Liu Hui of the Three Kingdoms period also regarded the Bagua of Fuxi painting as the origin of ancient mathematics in the preface to the "Notes on Nine Chapters of Arithmetic".

Fuxi, also known as Bao Xi, was the leader of the legendary primitive tribal alliance, and he lived slightly earlier than the Yellow Emperor.

One legend holds that the founder of Chinese mathematics was the Yellow Emperor, and that the earliest mathematical knowledge and tools were invented during the Yellow Emperor's time. For example, in a mathematical work of the Han Dynasty, "Records of Mathematics", it is said that it was the Yellow Emperor who invented the notation and usage of numbers. There are also books that say that the earliest arithmetic was created by a person named "Lishou" in the Yellow Emperor era.

It is also said that the teacher of the Yellow Emperor, "Da Luo", invented "Jiazi".

The founder of mathematics is Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, born in the town of Stagira, Macedonia, and died in Harkis, Greece, who can be called the master of Greek philosophy, he was a student of Plato and a teacher of Alexander.

Mathematics is not invented. Mathematics is a truth, and the laws of mathematics have been summarized one by one by later generations, and there are many mathematicians in history, such as Zhang Heng in China, Euclid in foreign countries, and so on.

Mathematics is not invented by anyone, but it is inseparable from mathematics everywhere in life, can you not count? Can you do it without spending money? A lot of math problems are very real.

Mathematics is a systematic science, very large, not something that can be done by one person, and mathematics itself exists, not an invention, it should be a discovery.

From my personal point of view, I don't think it's who invented mathematics, it's that mathematics has always been present in our lives. It's just stripped from life and divided into a discipline.

The founder of Chinese mathematics is the "Yellow Emperor", mathematics is a universal means for human beings to strictly describe the abstract structure and pattern of things, which can be applied to any problem in the real world, and all mathematical objects are inherently artificially defined.

Mathematics originated in the early production activities of human beings, and the ancient Babylonians had accumulated a certain amount of mathematical knowledge since ancient times and could apply practical problems. From the perspective of mathematics itself, their mathematical knowledge is only obtained through observation and experience, and there is no comprehensive conclusion and proof, but it is also necessary to fully affirm their contributions to mathematics.

Mathematics did not suddenly take full shape from the head of Zeus. It has evolved over the course of thousands of years through the contributions of many people in many cultures.

The earliest form of mathematics is abstract counting, which developed from concrete counting in prehistoric times.

Archaeological evidence suggests that when agriculture-based civilizations emerged, the need to track harvested goods led to the use of specific tokens representing certain goods. For example, a symbol of a certain shape represents a bushel of barley. A token of different shapes represents a bag of grain, and so on.

These concrete markings were later replaced by signs drawn on clay slabs with a stylus. Each type of object still has its own symbol, and counting simply repeats the symbol, corresponding to the object one-to-one. For example, counting four barrels of oil, ten bushels of barley, and two pieces of clothing might look something like this:

Since different markings are used for different amounts of barley grains, a key step towards abstract numbers is taken: a bowl, a container (10 bowls) and a bushel (6 containers or 60 bowls) have different markings. So, if a person has 67 bowls of barley, instead of repeating the symbol of the bowl 67 times, it is better to write the quantity more compactly as a bushel, a vessel, and a bowl.

For the convenience of all types of objects, these symbols of barley units of different sizes are abstracted from the concrete association with barley and become abstract numbers and symbols of 60, which can be counted for any type of object. Once this leap of abstraction took place, the numbers themselves could be vertical, independent of any connection to the objects they might represent, thus laying the groundwork for the birth of arithmetic. The rest, as they say, is history.