Who discovered pi? When was pi discovered?

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xin (about 50 BC to 23 AD) determined that pi was, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng (78 139 AD) obtained two ratios, one is 92 29 =, and the other is 10, which is about the same as the Indian mathematician Rogupa also fixed pi at 10, but it was more than 500 years later than Zhang Heng. )

By the time of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Hui of Wei (263 AD) created the principle of finding the exact value of pi, and he used the circumcision technique to find the first three digits of pi , which was called Hui rate.

By the time of Zu Chongzhi (429-500 AD) in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, he had already calculated.

That is, he was the first person in the world to determine pi to 7 decimal places. Zu Chongzhi also proposed an approximation expressed by two fractions. i.e. 22 7 and 355 113, respectively, are called approximate and density.

It was only more than 1,000 years after Zu Chongzhi's discovery that this value was rediscovered in Antoniz (16th and 17th centuries) in Europe.

Zu Chongzhi calculated seven decimal places. In ancient and modern times, many people have devoted themselves to the study and calculation of pi. In order to calculate an increasingly good approximation of pi, generations of mathematicians have devoted countless hours and efforts to this mysterious number.

Before the 19th century, the calculation of pi progressed quite slowly, and after the 19th century, world records for calculating pi were frequently updated. The entire nineteenth century can be said to be the century with the greatest amount of manual calculations of pi. In the twentieth century, with the invention of the computer, the calculation of pi advanced by leaps and bounds.

With the help of supercomputers, people have obtained an accuracy of 206.1 billion bits of pi. One of the most marathon calculations in history was Ludolph van Ceulen in Germany, who spent almost his entire life calculating the inscribed regular 262 sides of a circle, and obtained a 35-bit precision value of pi in 1609, so much so that pi is called Ludolph number in Germany; The second was William Shanks of England, who spent 15 years calculating 707 decimal places of pi in 1874. Unfortunately, later generations found out that he was wrong from the 528th place.

It doesn't really make much sense to calculate the value of pi so precisely. The value of pi used in the field of modern science and technology, a dozen digits is sufficient. If you use the 35-bit precision pi value calculated by Ludolph van Ceulen to calculate the circumference of a circle that encloses the solar system, the error is less than one millionth of the diameter of a proton.

In the past, people calculated pi to ** whether pi is a cyclic decimal. The mystery of pi has been unveiled since Lambert proved that pi is an irrational number in 1761 and Lindemann proved that pi is a transcendent number in 1882. a

Zu Chongzhi. Zu Chongzhi (429-500 AD) was a native of Laiyuan County, Hebei Province during the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China He read many books on astronomy and mathematics since he was a child, and he was diligent and studious, and practiced hard, which finally made him an outstanding mathematician and astronomer in ancient China

Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievement in mathematics is about the calculation of pi Before the Qin and Han dynasties, people used the diameter of three times a week as pi, which was the ancient rate Later, it was found that the error of the ancient rate was too large, and the pi should be more than one of the diameter of the circle and three days, but there were different opinions on how much was left Until the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Hui proposed a scientific method for calculating pi - circumcision, which uses the circumference of the circle to approximate the circumference of the circle with the circumference of the regular polygon Liu Hui calculated that the circle is inscribed with 96 sides, and finds =, and points out that the more sides of the inscribed regular polygon, On the basis of the achievements of his predecessors, Zu Chongzhi found the approximate value in the form of fractions, which is taken as the approximate rate and the density rate, where six decimal places are taken, which is the fraction with the numerator denominator within 1000

What method Zu Chongzhi used to arrive at this result is impossible to examine now If it is assumed that he followed Liu Hui's method of circumcision, he would have to calculate that the circle is connected with 16,384 sides, which requires a lot of time and labor! It can be seen that his tenacious perseverance and intelligence in his scholarship are admirable Zu Chongzhi's calculation of the dense rate, foreign mathematicians have achieved the same result, it is more than a thousand years later In order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's outstanding contributions, some foreign historians of mathematics suggest that = be called Zu rate

Zu Chongzhi read the famous classics at that time, insisted on seeking truth from facts, he compared and analyzed a large number of materials from his own measurement and calculation, found the serious errors of the past calendar, and had the courage to improve, and at the age of 33, he successfully compiled the "Ming Calendar", opening up a new era in the history of the calendar

Zu Chongzhi also worked with his son Zu Xuan (also a famous mathematician in China) to solve the calculation of the volume of the sphere with ingenious methods A principle they adopted at that time was: If the power potential is the same, the product cannot be differentiated, that is, two three-dimensional dimensions located between two parallel planes are truncated by any plane parallel to these two planes, and if the area of the two cross-sections is constantly equal, then the volume of the two three-dimensional dimensions is equal This principle is called Cavalelli's principle in Western language, but this was discovered by Ka Shi more than a thousand years after Zu In order to commemorate the great contribution of the Zu father and son to the discovery of this principle, everyone also calls this principle the Zu Xuan principle

Me. Diameter squared circle area.

Diameter cubic sphere volume.

Diameter 4 circumference.

The ancient Greek Euclid's Geometry (c. early 3rd century B.C.) mentions pi as a constant, and the ancient Chinese arithmetic book "Zhou Ji Suanjing" (c. 2nd century B.C.) also considers pi to be constant. Various approximations of pi have been used throughout history, and most of the early ones were obtained through experiments, such as =(4 3) 4 in the ancient Egyptian papyrus (c. 1700 BC).

The first person to scientifically find the value of pi was Archimedes, who in "The Measurement of Circles" (3rd century BC) used the circumference of the circle inscribed and inscribed regular polygons to determine the upper and lower bounds of the circumference of the circle, starting from the regular hexagon and doubling it one by one to the regular 96 sides, resulting in (3+(10 71)) u003c u003c (3+(1 7)) He pioneered the geometric method of calculating pi (also known as the classical method, or the Archimedes' method), which yielded a value accurate to two decimal places. The Chinese mathematician Liu Hui in the annotation of the "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" (263 AD) only used the circle to connect the regular polygon to obtain the approximate value, but also obtained the value accurate to two decimal places, his method was called the circumcision of the circle by later generations, in which there is the idea of finding the limit.

Zu Chongzhi, a mathematician in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, used circumcision to further obtain a value accurate to 7 decimal places (466 AD), gave an under-approximation and an excess approximation, and also obtained two approximate fractional values, a density rate of 355 113 and an approximate rate of 22 7, a record that has been maintained in the world for a thousand years. In order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's contribution to the development of pi in China, this estimated value was named "Zu Chongzhi's Pi", referred to as "Zu Chongzhi's Pi".

The density rate was not obtained in the West until 1573 by the German Otto, and in 1625 it was published in the work of the Dutch engineer Antonis, which was called the Antonis rate in Europe.

Pi was discovered a long, long time ago in ancient China, and it was discovered from polygons.

Pi is a scientist in our country, discovered by the ancient Zu Chongzhi, he was a great scientist during the Song Dynasty, and was the first in the world to discover pi.

Pi was precisely calculated as early as more than 1400 years ago, and it was discovered and calculated by the ancient mathematician Zu Chongzhi in China.

The ancient mathematician of China (Zu Chongzhi) as early as (more than 1400 years ago) accurately calculated the value of pi.

When was it discovered? If you often have pi, you can find it if you want to play at the time if you want to play it normally.

It was discovered by Zu Chongzhi more than 1,400 years ago.

It is written in ancient Egyptian cursive scripts from the 17th century BC.

When was the Wenzhou lawyer discovered, it is said that Zhou Li's earliest discovery was in ancient China, and it was calculated cumulatively.

Pi was discovered by Liu Xin at the end of the Western Han Dynasty (50 BC to 23 AD) in China.

Unraveling pi is the only ratio calculated by the hpfykg tissue from "the area of a circle is equal to one-third of its diameter, and the only ratio of the circumference of the circle 6+2 3 to the diameter of 3" =

The rest of the ratios are positive n-side ratios. The ratio of n lines of the perimeter of the polyline to the n of the diagonal 1 is called the ratio of the positive n side.

Pi was not invented by one person, but was calculated by many mathematicians after countless calculations.

The first person to calculate the value of pi was Archimedes, who calculated pi by using the circumference of the circumscribed and inscribed regular polygons of the circle, and later Zu Chongzhi also further derived the result of 7 decimal places of pi.

In 1965, the British mathematician John Wallis published a mathematical treatise in which he derived a formula that found that pi was equal to the product of the multiplication of infinite fractions. In 2015, scientists at the University of Rochester discovered the same formula for pi in quantum mechanical calculations of the energy levels of hydrogen atoms.

On March 14, 2019, Google announced that pi is now in trillions of decimal places.

On August 17, 2021, Fun Science** reported that Swiss researchers used a supercomputer to calculate the famous mathematical constant pi to a trillion decimal places over a period of 108 days, setting a record for the most accurate value of this constant to date.

International Pi Day:

In 2011, the International Mathematical Association officially announced that March 14 of each year will be set as the International Mathematics Festival, ** which is the pi of the ancient Chinese mathematician Zu Chongzhi.

International Pi Day dates back to March 14, 1988, when Larry Shaw, a physicist at the San Francisco Museum of Science, organized museum staff and participants to make 3 and 1 7 circles (one of the approximations of 22 7) around the museum's monument and eat fruit pie together. Since then, the Old Hidden Lap Hang Jinshan Science Museum has continued this tradition and celebrates on this day every year.

In 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives formally passed a non-binding resolution setting March 14 as "Pi Day" every year.

"Whereas, mathematics and the natural sciences are an interesting and indispensable part of education," the resolution states. Learning about it is a fascinating way to teach children geometry and engage them in the natural sciences and math ......It is approximately equal to, therefore, March 14 is the most suitable day to commemorate Pi Day. ”

Pi is a mathematical notation that is denoted as , which represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Pi was not invented by a single person, but was gradually discovered and established in the course of mathematical research and practice. As early as ancient times, some cultures were aware of the existence of the mathematical constant of pi and tried to calculate the area and circumference of a circle with approximate values.

One of the most famous is the Greek mathematician Archimedes, who estimated pi in the 3rd century BC by using regular polygon pins to approximate circles, and obtained more accurate results than other methods. After that, the study of pi gradually developed, which was noticed by more and more people, and became a core concept in modern mathematics.

The ancient Greek Euclid "Geometry Original" (about the beginning of the 3rd century BC) mentioned that pi is a constant of the Ming Dynasty, and the ancient Chinese arithmetic book "Zhou Ji Sutra" (about the 2nd century BC) has a record of "one path and three days", which also believes that pi is a constant. Various approximations of pi have been used throughout history, and most of the early ones were obtained through experiments, such as =(4 3) 4 in the ancient Egyptian papyrus (c. 1700 BC). The first person to use the scientific method to find the value of pi was Archimedes, who in "The Measurement of Circles" (3rd century BC) used the circumference of the circle inscribed and inscribed regular polygons to determine the upper and lower bounds of the circumference of the circle, starting from the regular hexagon and doubling it one by one to the regular 96 sides, resulting in (3+(10 71))<3+(1 7)) He pioneered the geometric method (also known as the classical method, or the Archimedes method) for calculating the circumference of the circle and obtained a value accurate to two decimal places.

The first paragraph: The study of pi can be traced back to ancient civilizations, but the first to discover and accurately calculate pi was the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes. Archimedes used the method of gradually approximating the circle with the inscribed regular polygon and the circumscribed regular polygon of the circle, and calculated that the value of pi was between to.

Second paragraph: Over time, the method of calculating pi was passed on and developed among scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers. In the 15th century, the Indian mathematician Maduwachari developed a new method called the Maduwachari Formula, which could be used to calculate pi.

In the 17th century, mathematician John Wallis independently discovered the infinite series form of pi and calculated its decimal part by doing calculations on a computer.

Paragraph 3: Now, with the development of mathematics and computational science, we have been able to use computers to calculate the number of pi to one billion decimal places. Through time and effort, people's understanding and calculation methods of pi have been continuously developed and improved.

Although we have learned so much about the belt shed, the problems and challenges posed by pi still attract countless researchers, including scientists, mathematicians, computer scientists, and hobbyists.