What are the fundamentals of archaeology?

In the first sentence, you said that if you want to be an "archaeologist", that is, professional, authoritative, and you can only be admitted to the archaeology major of a prestigious university to guide you in the right direction.

Of course, you can also find books to read on your own, to discover and understand.

However, you must know that there are many grassroots archaeologists among the people, do the words they say have weight? Is the research report absolutely authoritative? Do you have a superb team to work with? But the front horse is still very thin.

So, let's take the university entrance exam first, Peking University and Renmin University all have this kind of subject, which is the shortcut to improve your ability the most.

Bless you :)

When archaeologists study a society, they often treat art as a kind of **, like oracle bone inscriptions and cave paintings. Art often provides an answer to beliefs, myths, customs, and a certain kind of human history, especially in societies where culture is not very complex, and culture depends on art to document and ensure its continuity.

Children have their own unique ways of thinking, learning, playing, and creating. They have a special "culture" in which they choose other forms of expression, and art is often one of them, before the written skills are fully developed. Parents and teachers can enjoy children's art in the same way that human historians study oracle bone inscriptions and cave paintings.

Art provides a way to understand children's thoughts and emotions.

After reading the Montessori Pedagogy, I found that there are many similarities between Montessori's child-centered pedagogy and our new curriculum. I think there is a passage that is even more helpful to our art teaching, and I would like to share it with our art teachers below.

Even if the children are intently playing with the mud, you should be happy when you see it. Although his hands, face, and clothes are dirty, and he can't make you see any "fame", but in his heart he is clean and noble, maybe he is building a MRT railway, or building a new Great Wall, or even learning from you to make steamed buns and noodles. For he was thinking with his mind, busy with his hands, his eyes, and muddy water!

These activities, these experiences, are all about being a new person in the coming century.

At this stage, it is necessary to study historical geography well.

You can go to the museum to see more during the holidays.

Get to know some of the older siblings in the archaeology department and ask them more questions.

Ask them what kind of introductory books they should read.

Look where you've gone.

You can go the route of archaeological research and study what others have dug up indoors.

In that case, a lot of knowledge is required, even in all kinds of cryptography.

You can also take the route of archaeological excavations and run in the field all year round.

It would require a lot of historical knowledge, survival skills in the wild, a strong physique, quick reflections, a brave heart, a love of archaeology, etc.

Because archaeology in the field is sometimes dangerous!

Let's study hard first and then get admitted to university. The archaeology major at Chinese University is good. After being admitted to university, it is necessary to engage in the study of specialized knowledge. Junior high school and high school are a process of laying the foundation.

The basic principles of archaeology are the principles of archaeological stratigraphy. The principle of archaeological stratigraphy is introduced and developed from geological stratigraphy, and its main principle is the principle of superposition, which believes that the stratum from the bottom to the top is the relative relationship from early to late, in addition to the relationship between breaking and paralleling.

Introduction to the content and teaching purpose:The principle of archaeological stratigraphy is to study the various cultural accumulations (cultural layers) formed mainly due to human activities, with the aim of investigating the causes and processes of the formation of human cultural accumulations. Archaeological stratigraphy includes some content that is not found in geological stratigraphy, that is, in addition to observing and analyzing the causes of the formation of various cultural layers, it is necessary to use this understanding to guide excavation work and deal with relics at all levels.

In order to distinguish between the two stratigraphies, stratigraphy in archaeology is called archaeological stratigraphy. The primary problem of archaeological stratigraphy research is to distinguish as accurately as possible between these layers of cultural accumulation with different properties and times, and to determine their relative age, that is, their chronological relationship.

Archaeology. The qualities that should be possessed are: have a basic understanding of the history of the development of archaeology; have the technology of excavation and collation; It is necessary to have a rigorous spirit, a serious attitude, a strong interest, great enthusiasm, a very high logical reasoning ability, and a good physical fitness.

Healthy mindset, scientific mind.

What an archaeologist needs to have:

1. Master Marxism.

the basic principles and basic theories, knowledge, methods and skills of archaeology;

2. Be able to engage in field archaeological excavation, collation and compilation of archaeological reports;

3. Master museum management skills;

4. Master the basic methods and means of literature retrieval and data inquiry;

5. Understand the most important theoretical frontiers and development trends in the field of archaeology at home and abroad.

Tombs are one of the products of human civilization, through archaeological excavation, we can better understand the history of ancient times, previous experiences, to understand the origin of human beings, and we can also learn from some ancient cultures to make higher achievements in science and technology. The purpose of archaeology is to keep getting closer to the truth of history and to restore the truth of history as much as possible. This is caused by the curiosity of human beings, because humans are curious about the lives of their ancestors and also curious about things they don't understand, so they want to know what it looks like so that someone can specialize in it.

However, it is not enough to rely on historical documents alone. The culture created by human beings is rich and colorful, and the expressive power of words is limited after all. Tombs, especially those of the nobility, have unearthed a large number of exquisite cultural relics and typical cultural relics, which not only reflect the level of development of the productive forces and the cultural characteristics of the time, but also reflect the personal preferences of the tomb owner.

For example, jewelry and household items used by the tomb owner throughout his life are often buried in the tomb, and murals may show what he or she did during his or her lifetime. Through these things, we seem to be able to see who he was before his death, what ethnicity he was, what his offspring were, what preferences he had, what he did, what contributions he made, and so on.

The abundance of characters is also a microcosm of the society of the time, so we can take a look at the society of the time. Tombs are one of the products of human civilization. Their purpose was not only to bury the dead, but to be a comprehensive manifestation of the deceased's identity, status, race, and habits.

In the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods, there were very few tombs, as the average life expectancy of people at that time was very short. Even in the Central Plains, the average life expectancy is mostly under 40 years old, and the level of material culture and the level of development of production tools is also limited, so the ** for corpses is very primitive, or even none**.

On the one hand, the phenomenon of high mortality rate in the population has led to the emergence of fertility cults, and on the other hand, people are full of fear of death. Even today, humans are always in awe of what they don't understand. Due to primitive man's reverence for death, it was inevitable to bury the dead and beg for blessings from the dead.

There is evidence that some clan societies in the Late Neolithic period housed the bodies of the deceased under houses. From this point of view, burying the dead is a kind of psychological comfort for the living.

The first is attitude. An archaeologist once said: "Archaeology is not to show off the glory of the ancient kingdom, and it is not to whitewash the politics of reality."

Rather, it is to see how we have come to be, and to use this as a reference to have a clearer understanding of what kind of road we will take in the future. "For individuals, just to hunt for curiosity or make a fortune is definitely not good, there is a problem with attitude! After all, archaeology is a science, and science requires scientific understanding and a rigorous academic attitude.

Secondly, professional quality. Archaeological methods, band technology, experience and other comprehensive qualities, archaeology is not just to prove history or supplement history, it is not a subsidiary discipline of history, but another science independent of the history discipline of Ye Du Tong, with its own system, method, only familiar with history is far from becoming an "archaeologist", a large number of practice is the basis for carrying out a series of archaeological work.

It is recommended that you find two books by Su Bingqi and Yan Wenming, and you will know what archaeology is and how to become a real archaeologist!

If you are just an amateur, you can work as a technician in the archaeological team and experience it yourself!

Archaeological classification: Quaternary geology, physique, paleozoology, paleobotany, physics, chemistry, ethnology, folklore, sociology, history, religion, linguistics, history of natural science, archaeology of science and technology, history of art, history of architecture, stratigraphy, etc.

According to the different historical periods, regional customs, and discipline preferences, archaeologists are divided into: prehistoric archaeologists, historical archaeologists, European archaeologists, Egyptian archaeologists, Chinese archaeologists, Japanese archaeologists, Mesoamerican archaeologists, religious archaeologists, art archaeologists, inscriptions, oracle bone scientists, paleoceramicists, paleonumismatists, agricultural archaeologists, environmental archaeologists, geoarchaeologists, archaeobotanists, archaeozoologists, archaeoastronomers, etc.

Archaeological classification: Quaternary geology, physical anthropology, paleozoology, paleobotany, physics, chemistry, ethnology, folklore, sociology, history, religion, linguistics, history of natural sciences, archaeology of science and technology, history of art, history of architecture, stratigraphy, etc.

According to the historical period, regional distribution of Xunfeng Tong Tong sales, discipline bias, etc., archaeologists are divided into: prehistoric archaeologists, historical archaeologists, European archaeologists, Egyptian archaeologists, Chinese archaeologists, Japanese archaeologists, Central American archaeologists, religious archaeologists, art archaeologists, inscriptions, oracle bone scientists, paleoceramicists, paleonumismatists, agricultural archaeologists, environmental archaeologists, geoarchaeologists, archaeobotanists, archaeozoologists, archaeoastronomers, etc.