What are elementary particles What are the types of elementary particles?

Name: Elementary particle.

English name: elementary particle

Historically, elementary particles refer to the most basic units that make up matter. However, after the quark theory was proposed, people realized that elementary particles also have complex structures, so the term "elementary particles" is generally not mentioned now. Depending on the force, particles are divided into three categories: hadrons, leptons, and propagators.

Hadron is the general term for all particles involved in the action of strong forces. They are made up of quarks, and there are five types of quarks that have been discovered, and they are: upper quarks, lower quarks, singular quarks, quarks, and bottom quarks.

Theories predict the existence of a sixth quark, named the top quark, but has not yet been discovered. The vast majority of existing particles are hadrons, and protons, neutrons, and mesons all belong to hadrons. (In addition, antimatter has also been discovered, there is a famous antiquark, which is being studied, if the antimatter hypothesis is true, there should be other antiparticles, and there may even be anti-earth, anti-universe).

Lepton is a general term for particles that only participate in weak forces, electromagnetic forces, and gravitational forces, but not in strong interactions. There are six types of leptons, including electrons, electron neutrinos, electrons, sub-neutrinos, sub-neutrinos, sub-neutrinos. Electrons, subons, and subons are charged, and all neutrinos are not charged; The proton is an important particle discovered in 1975, which does not participate in the strong action and belongs to the lepton, but its mass is very heavy, 3600 times that of the electron, and the multiple of the proton, so it is also called the heavy lepton.

Propagators also belong to elementary particles. There are a total of 8 kinds of gluons that transmit strong effects, and they were indirectly discovered in 1979 in the three-injection phenomenon, and they can form gluon balls, but they have not been directly observed so far. Passes weakly acting w+, w- and z0.

The middle boson, discovered in 1983, is very heavy, 80-90 times that of a proton. See.

the basic constituents that make up all material entities; It also refers to particles that have fundamental forces in quantum theory.

Strictly speaking, elementary particles are particles that can no longer be broken down into any of their constituent parts. Under this definition, there are only two elementary particles of the quark and leptonon groups. However, although protons and neutrons are made up of quarks, it is impossible for both classes of baryons to be decomposed into their quark components, because independent quarks cannot exist.

So, although protons and neutrons, as well as other baryons, are made up of quarks, they are often thought of as elementary particles.

Atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, neutrons, protons.

Elementary particles, which are known as the smallest or most basic units of matter, are the basis for the composition of various objects. That is: the smallest volume of matter without changing the properties of the substance.

It is the basis of all kinds of objects, and it does not conclude that it is not a substance because it is small. However, after the quark theory was proposed, people realized that elementary particles also have complex structures, so the term "elementary particles" is generally not mentioned.