Under what historical conditions did the New Culture Movement arise?

1) Political aspect: Imperialism.

intensifying aggression; The rule of the warlords is getting darker and darker, and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle must continue.

2) Economic: World War I.

During this period, China's national capitalism developed further. The fundamental reason why the national bourgeoisie has grown in strength and entered the political arena and strongly demanded the practice of democratic politics and the development of capitalism.

3) Ideological and cultural aspects: Xinhai Revolution.

Later, the ideas of the Western Enlightenment were further spread, and the ideas of democracy and republic were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Beiyang warlords.

Yuan Shikai for the restoration of the imperial system) to promote the retro countercurrent of Zun Kong (the concept of democracy and the retro countercurrent of Zun Kong are incompatible). More important was the reflection of the people at that time on the failure of the Xinhai Revolution. After the Xinhai Revolution, advanced intellectuals realized that the root cause of the failure of the revolution was the lack of democratic republican consciousness in the minds of the people, and it was necessary to attack the feudal ideology and feudal consciousness from the cultural and ideological aspects, and realize a true republican form of government by popularizing the republican ideology.

4) The class aspect: the bourgeoisie strongly demanded democratic politics in China.

Therefore, the emergence of the New Culture Movement was not only the product of the comprehensive effect of economic, political, ideological, and cultural factors in a specific historical period at that time, but also the inevitable result of modern China's long-term material and ideological preparation.

After the Xinhai Revolution, the situation in the country became more and more chaotic, and a group of advanced intellectuals began to seek a new way out to save the country. On the political front, after the failure of the Xinhai Revolution, the great powers supported Yuan Shikai to become emperor and stepped up their aggression against China, and China's advanced elements were changed.

The New Culture Movement is an ideological and cultural innovation and literary revolution movement that arose under the impetus of Lu Xun and Cai Yuanpei to "oppose Confucianism, anti-literature, and resist Confucianism". With the evolutionary viewpoint and the idea of individual emancipation as the main one, he violently attacked the "sages of the past" represented by Confucius, vigorously advocated new morality, opposed old morality, advocated new literature, and opposed classical Chinese.

In September 1915, he founded the "Youth Magazine" in Shanghai, which was later renamed "New Youth", and the New Culture Movement was born. This movement effectively dealt a blow to and shook the dominance of feudal orthodoxy for a long time, awakened a generation of young people, and enabled Chinese intellectuals, especially the vast number of young people, to be baptized by Western democratic and scientific thought, thus opening the floodgates to curb the influx of new ideas and setting off a vigorous tide of ideological emancipation in Chinese society. This has created favorable conditions for the spread of new trends of thought suited to China's needs, especially Marxism.

Because of the role of traditional Chinese culture in the situation of modern China, those intellectuals who have stayed in the West and have been in contact with foreign culture hate him, and at the same time feel that the advanced aspects of Western culture are patriotic and patriotic.........

What are the main reasons for the rise of the New Culture Movement.

The direct cause of the rise of the New Culture Movement was that the Beiyang warlords used feudal ideas to maintain their rule.

What was the reason for the failure of the New Culture Movement?

It was mainly due to the limitations of the reformers themselves and the opposition of the powerful conservative forces led by the Empress Dowager Cixi.

Reasons: 1. The leaders - the bourgeois reformers are too weak, while the feudal stubborn forces are very strong. (Root cause) (compromise, weakness of class nature determined).

2. The direct cause - Yuan Shikai's betrayal. (Yuan Shikai informed) 3. Imperialism did not provide support (external reasons).

Chen Duxiu. He was the initiator of the New Culture Movement and the advocate of the first ideological emancipation movement in China in the 20th century.

During the New Culture Movement, democracy and science were promoted, and criticism of traditional Chinese ethics and morality was widely circulated.

In the summer of 1915, Chen Duxiu returned to Shanghai and lived at No. 21, Jiyili, Songshan Road, French Concession. On September 15, he founded a monthly youth magazine (published by Qunyi Publishing House), and the following year changed its name to "New Youth" (subtitle La Jeunesse), and served as its president.

Suspended in 1926) Chen Duxiu published "A Message to the Youth" in the inaugural issue of this magazine, proposing six principles:

1. Autonomous, not slave;

2. Progressive rather than conservative;

3. Enterprising rather than retiring;

4. The world is not closed to the country;

5. Profit-making rather than fiction;

6. Scientific rather than imaginary.

Propaganda advocated "Mr. De" (referring to "democracy") and "Mr. Sai" (referring to "science"), criticized Confucianism and traditional morality, and "overthrew the Confucian family", thus becoming the center of the New Culture Movement and having a great influence among young people.

In the February 1917 issue of the New Youth magazine, Vol. 2, No. 6, Chen Duxiu published "On the Literary Revolution", arguing that the root of the darkness in Chinese society was "the ethical, moral, literary, and artistic ends that are deeply rooted in the spiritual circle of our people", and that a separate political revolution could not take effect, and that "the old dirt should be fully washed away with blood", and that an ethical and moral revolution was needed first, so he put forward the "Three Doctrines".

1. Overthrow the carved aristocratic literature and build an easy and lyrical national literature;

2. Overthrow the stale and extravagant classical literature and build a fresh and sincere realistic literature;

3. Tear down the obscure and difficult literature of the mountains and forests, and build a clear and popular social literature. He advocated changing the Chinese language to the vernacular, and the content of the article should also tend to be practical.

In January 1917, Cai Yuanpei was inaugurated as the president of Peking University, and Chen Duxiu was appointed as the dean of liberal arts and taught literature at Peking University. With the approval of the president of Peking University, he collected works by Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, Lu Xun and Qian Yuan. In order to expand the department, he moved "New Youth" to Beijing.

Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, Lu Xun, Wu Yu, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, Yi Baisha.

In September 1915, Chen Duxiu founded the Youth Magazine in Shanghai (renamed New Youth in 1916), marking the rise of the New Culture Movement, with Enlightenment thinkers Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, Lu Xun, Wu Yu, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, and Yi Baisha as its main contributors.

It's simple. The new culture movement is to carry out a new culture, not to be conservative, to innovate, to keep up with the trend of the times. The main embodiment of the destruction of Wang is the change in literature and literature.

The current Chinese use Chinese, to be precise, modern Chinese, which consists of vernacular and vernacular Chinese, which is the result of the New Culture Movement.

So what is the difference between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese? Modern Chinese is a simplification of ancient Chinese, which has vernacular, vernacular Chinese, literary language, and classical Chinese. In ancient times, it was okay to speak vernacular, but writing vernacular was a manifestation of illiteracy, so writing articles was written in classical Chinese.

To write classical Chinese, you need to know more Chinese characters, as well as the usage of independent words, and if you want to write classical Chinese well, you really have to do a lot of hard work. When we were in junior high school and high school, we all learned classical Chinese in Chinese classes, but we only learned some scratches and covered our heads, and it was very difficult to master them.

Then at the end of the Qing Dynasty in modern China, with the entry of Western ideas and science and technology into China, the written expression of classical Chinese became an obstacle to social development. Then the use of vernacular language has become the general trend, and it is necessary to abandon the complex and simplify in order to develop faster.

The New Culture Movement refers to an ideological emancipation movement initiated by Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others; He inspired people's ideological consciousness, attacked traditional rituals and religions, pushed branches and led the way to bridge the development of modern science, and laid the foundation for the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement.

It is a movement that can change people's minds and perceptions. It can make people's thinking change greatly, spread scientific concepts, and make people better at thinking about problems, laying the groundwork for the May Fourth Movement, and speeding up the demise of the hidden nuclear Qing.

The New Culture Movement was initiated by Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun, Qian Xuantong, Li Dazhao and other people who had received Western education (then called New Education)."Anti-traditional, anti-Confucianism, anti-literary"ideological and cultural innovation, literature.