Does mathematics have to be the foundation of economics?

The importance of mathematics to the economy is not easy to explain. It varies from person to person and from situation to situation, and there is no definitive answer. Let me try to talk about it.

Economics today is very different from what it was 40 years ago. Today, knowing economics and understanding economics courses are two different things. Yes, in the graduate schools of many famous universities today, students who do not have a considerable foundation in mathematics cannot attend classes at all, or they cannot understand the lectures and cannot understand them, and they cannot read the reading materials assigned by the teachers.

On the other hand, some young scholars have told me that if the article is not full of equations, no journal will contain it. I have reservations about the latter, because my contemporaries do not think that the article is difficult to publish, and the mathematical component does not need to be added. There is no doubt that the later generation of economists published articles with much more mathematical components than those of the older generation.

At the same time, however, there has been no significant improvement in the knowledge of economics. In the past two years, there has been such a saying in the United States, which is said to have been said by a veteran of the University of Chicago, that is, in the 50s and 70s of the 20th century, there were a hundred flowers of economic ideas with new ideas and contents, and people were able to produce them one after another, but since the 80s, the novelty has been exhausted and the content is empty, so that the later generation has turned to mathematics to confirm the views of the older generation or criticize the mistakes of the older generation, or to give full play to the footnotes of the older generation. To put it mildly, it is the younger generation's lack of ideological content, which should be covered up by mathematical equations.

I have been in Hong Kong since 1982 and have not experienced the development of mathematics as a substitute for content, so I can't say more. Traditionally, however, it has been common for science to rise and fall. In the case of economics, the "neoclassical" marginal analysis that emerged in the late 19th century was lively for half a century, and since then there has been nothing worth writing about.

If it weren't for Friedman's MIn the 50s of the 20th century, Friedman and others began to engage in scientific methods and monetary theory, and in the 60s, with the participation of property rights and transaction costs, economics may have become grotesque. <>

In the 60s of the 20th century, when I was still playing a little bit of math myself, some friends in the industry said that they couldn't think about economics without equations. On the contrary, I and some other friends don't use mathematics when they think about it, and they only consider whether they use mathematics to verify it when they figure it out. It's a strange separation, and it's hard to say which idea is preferable.

More than 20 years ago at a conference, I was the keynote speaker, K. Arrowarrow) is a commenter. After we had coffee together, he handed me a piece of paper full of equations and said it was what I was talking about!

Arrow was one of the best mathematical economists of the 20th century, and he wrote his equations as fast as I spoke. If I hadn't seen him perform miraculous skills, I would not have been able to believe that knowledge with content could be thought of by equations. Think about it, mathematics itself has no content, and if you think about economics in equations, the content has to be added by the thinker.

Arlo's amazing ability is to add content to the equation and think about it no slower than me! Frustrating. At that time, I thought that economics should have content, and if we didn't have Arrow's skills, we shouldn't engage in mathematical economics.

Interestingly, throughout the 20th century, I can't think of a single major economics article that was full of equations. It was Arrow and Samuelson (p.). a.

Samuelson) has won the Nobel Prize, and there are not many equations. <>

Scientists are exploring the universe for the progress of mankind, and in the Internet era, everyone can use practice to test, if it is right, it can be adhered to, and if it is wrong, it can be corrected. Maybe Einstein's time did not find a formula to unify the four physical forces, and there is a certain reason for the level of mathematics at that time, maybe the whole mathematics and the whole mathematical formula, z=syw is a miracle that happened in China in the Internet era, the overall mathematical formula is different from any mathematical formula in the past is that the overall mathematical formula is also the law of global cosmology, the universe may come from the vacuum quantum fluctuations, the so-called observable universe outside is the vacuum, the vacuum and the observable universe are one, can inspire people's understanding of the universe lifeFor example, according to the laws of integral cosmology, it is discovered that the fifth force is the dynamic equilibrium force of the universe as a whole, and in the field of economics there is also holistic economics!

Comparatively high. Economics still has relatively high requirements for mathematics, at least you need to have the basic ability of mathematics, and in the learning process, the theoretical courses of economics are the most, and the ability to analyze data is the most important, so economics should be the most important in all business or this kind of partial social science courses.

Description of features:Economics is ultimately about money. And money needs to be measured by quantity, but when it comes to quantity, then mathematical tools are inseparable. Therefore, the requirements for mathematics in economics must be very high.

However, this problem cannot be generalized, economics is also divided into different types and research directions, and there are good and bad schools that open economics, so this article will discuss this issue in detail.

Economics is a discipline of "rationality", that is, the study of the question of the best choice of man. It is certainly connected to mathematics just like other disciplines are to mathematics. And now there is a kind of economics that is specifically calculated by mathematics, and in short, the role of mathematics in economics has to be recognized.

However, there is also a kind of theoretical economics, which is more common in foreign countries, and reading such an economics book or ** down is like appreciating a beautiful article and listening to a master to explain the truth. I'm very interested in that kind of economics, and it's a concentration of philosophy and economics. Later, after graduating from university, I wrote theories.

There is no mathematical measurement in the whole article, but unfortunately it did not pass, and later the content of tourism economics was rewritten. It is worth mentioning that it is a bit difficult to find a job for such a social science major.

If you want to escape math, I don't think that university will let you go! But when it comes to the relationship between economics and mathematics, it depends on the subdivision of economics itself. Hope you are satisfied!

Half of the university mathematics is 2 years of study.

Economics must be exposed to mathematics. For example, accounting, co-ordination, but if you study it seriously, you can still score 60 points in the exam.

If you learn a language, you don't have to touch mathematics. For example, studying in a foreign language department.

The last question, I don't understand very well.

Economics is about math! The major courses of economics include political economy, microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, finance, public finance, statistics and accounting. The general education courses include College Chinese and Writing, Foreign Languages, Mathematical Analysis (or Calculus), Qi or Advanced Algebra (or Linear Algebra), Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, etc.

For schools that implement the credit system, the total credits of the training program should be controlled at about 150 credits, of which about 125 credits are for theoretical teaching courses and about 25 credits for practical teaching courses.

Among the theoretical teaching courses, there are about 16 credits of ideological and political theory courses, about 30 credits of general education courses, about 25 credits of professional basic courses, about 39 credits of professional courses (including about 21 credits of professional compulsory courses, about 18 credits of professional elective courses), and about 15 credits of optional courses.

In the practical teaching course, in principle, there are about 12 credits of professional experiment and practical training (including employment guidance), about 4 credits of professional practice, about 5 credits of social practice (including innovation and entrepreneurship practice), and about 4 credits of graduation. Colleges and universities can make appropriate adjustments to the credit arrangement in practical teaching according to their actual situation, but the sum of all credits of practical teaching should be kept at about 25 credits, about 15% of the total credits.

Hello, it is a pleasure to serve you and give you the following answer: economic mathematics and economics are not the same thing, they complement each other. Economics is a discipline that studies socio-economic phenomena, which studies the development law of socio-economic phenomena and the results of socio-economic activities.

Economic mathematics is a discipline of applied mathematics, which studies the mathematical models in economics and how to use mathematical methods to analyze problems in economics. The study of economic mathematics can be divided into three steps:1

Understand the basic concepts of economics: Learn the basic concepts of economics, such as the definition of economics, the classification of economics, the basic principles of economics, etc., so as to understand the problems in economics. 2.

Learn the basic concepts of economic mathematics: Learn the basic concepts of economic mathematics, such as mathematical models, mathematical methods, mathematical tools, etc., so as to facilitate the analysis of problems in economics. 3.

Learn the applications of economic mathematics: Learn how to use the basic concepts and mathematical methods of economic mathematics to analyze problems in economics, and how to use the tools of economic mathematics to solve problems in economics. Personal Tips:

Learning economic mathematics requires patience, and it is necessary to grasp the steps of learning, starting from basic concepts, gradually deepening, and constantly accumulating knowledge, in order to better understand the problems in economics, and be able to effectively use the tools of economic mathematics to solve problems in economics.