What are the traditional Chinese skills? What are the traditional Chinese crafts?

Bamboo weaving should be regarded as the oldest traditional craft in China, according to archaeological data, after human beings began to settle down, they engaged in simple agriculture and animal husbandry production, the rice millet and hunted food was a little leftover, in order to need from time to time, the food and drinking water were stored. At this time, local materials were used, and various stone axes, stone knives and other tools were used to cut the branches of plants and weave them into baskets, baskets and other utensils. In practice, it was found that bamboo is crisp and neat, crackable, elastic and tough, and can be easily woven and durable.

As a result, bamboo became the main material for the preparation of utensils at that time. Bamboo weaving is rich in the crystallization of the hard work of the working people of the Han nationality in China.

Nanjing Yunjin wood machine makeup hand-weaving skills, Song brocade weaving skills, Suzhou silk weaving skills, Shu brocade weaving skills, Wu Nijing handmade cotton textile skills, Tujia brocade skills, Li traditional spinning and dyeing weaving skills, Zhuang brocade skills, Tibetan Bangdian, card mat weaving skills, Jiaya Tibetan carpet skills, Uygur felt, calico weaving and dyeing skills.

Chinese wood carving art also originated in the Neolithic period, and there were wood carvings in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang more than 7,000 years ago. The wood carving process of the Qin and Han dynasties tended to mature. Shi Cai wood carving marks that the ancient wood carving process has reached a very high level.

The Biography of Zhang Heng in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "The wheel can rotate, and the wood carving can still fly alone." It can be seen that the wood carving process at that time was very mature.

China's wood carving is widely distributed, due to the different folk customs, cultural and geographical resources in various places, and different crafts, many schools with strong local characteristics have been formed. For example: Dongyang wood carving, Yueqing boxwood carving, Guangdong Chaozhou gold lacquer wood carving and so on.

Tie the colorsmith, the craftsman who gave the dead man-made house. When a man dies, his soul goes to hell, and in hell he has no house to live in, no clothes to wear, and no horse to ride, so the living man makes this for him, and burns it with fire for the use of hell. There are two colorsmiths in my hometown, one lives at the head of the village and the other lives at the end of the village.

The two men had a lot in common, they were the same age, they were singles, they lived in a dilapidated cottage, a bedroom and a living room connected to the kitchen, and they are now dead. When I can remember, they were already in their 60s, and everyone in the four villages and eight towns who needed to burn a paper house, a cornucopia, and a mountain of gold and silver came here.

Ceramics is a general term for pottery and porcelain. The Chinese invented pottery as early as about 8000 2000 BC (Neolithic Age). The cultural nature of ceramics lies not only in the fact that it reflects a wide range of social life, nature, culture, customs, etc., but also in the way in which it reflects.

It is a three-dimensional carrier of national culture, and ceramic craft is also an indispensable part of Chinese history and traditional Chinese craftsmanship, and is one of the three major Chinese specialties famous overseas.

Embroidery: Gu embroidery, Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Guangdong embroidery, Guangzhou embroidery, tide embroidery, Shu embroidery, Miao embroidery, aquarium horsetail embroidery, Tu Pan embroidery, Huangmei pick flowers, Hua Yao pick flowers, Qingyang sachet embroidery.

Embroidery is a general term for various decorative patterns embroidered on fabrics with needle and thread, which date back at least 3,000 years. Chinese embroidery mainly includes four categories: Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Shu embroidery and Guangdong embroidery. Like ceramic handicrafts, silk is also one of China's three major specialties famous overseas, and the "Silk Road" is mainly carried out with Chinese silk embroidery.

Architecture: Xiangshan Bang traditional building construction skills, Hakka tulou construction skills, Jingdezhen traditional porcelain kiln workshop construction skills, Dong wooden building construction skills, Miao Village stilt building construction skills, Suzhou Imperial Kiln gold brick production skills.

New Year's Paintings: Yangliuqing Woodblock New Year's Paintings, Wuqiang Woodblock New Year's Paintings, Taohuawu Woodblock New Year's Pictures, Zhangzhou Woodblock New Year's Paintings, Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year's Paintings, Gaomi Gray New Year's Paintings, Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year's Pictures, Beachhead Woodblock New Year's Pictures, Foshan Woodblock New Year's Pictures, Liangping Woodblock New Year's Pictures, Mianzhu Woodblock New Year's Pictures, Fengxiang Woodblock New Year's Pictures, Naxi Dongba Paintings, Hengshui Inner Paintings.

Paper-cutting is a kind of folk art that uses scissors or carving knives to cut patterns on paper, which is used to decorate life or cooperate with other folk activities, and is also one of the most popular folk handicrafts in China. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there is a poem of "yellow appliqué on the mirror" in the "Mulan Ci", and the earliest paper-cut work in China was found to be five paper-cuts of the Northern Dynasties unearthed near the Flame Mountain in Turpan, Xinjiang.

There are Chinese knots, oil-paper umbrellas, Wuhu iron paintings, kites, embroidery, etc.

1. Chinese knot: I don't know when, modern people have re-found the popular ornaments of the ancestors from under the box, and then painted the scoop according to the gourd, adding more ideas and more embellishments, so the thick and thin ribbons made of colored silk threads, the small rings with totem patterns, and the graceful spike pendants, all of which constitute a beautiful and peculiar Chinese knot. Don't look down on this small Chinese knot, the sentiment and wisdom it shows is one of the aspects of ancient Chinese civilization, and it is a kind of interest for people to pursue casualness and pray for peace.

2. The oil paper umbrella is one of the traditional handicrafts of the Han nationality, in addition to the daily necessities that protect the sun and rain, it is also an indispensable item for wedding etiquette. Oil-paper umbrellas were also used in ancient weddings in the Ryukyus. The elderly prefer a purple umbrella that symbolizes longevity, and a white umbrella is used for funerals.

Traditional Japanese dances also use oil-paper umbrellas as props, which are sometimes used in tea ceremonies"Umbrellas"。

3. Iron painting, also known as iron flower, a specialty of Wuhu, Anhui Province, is one of the unique handicrafts in China. Iron painting is a variety of decorative paintings made by forging and welding iron sheets and iron wires made of mild steel. It integrates the techniques of folk paper-cutting, carving, inlay and other arts, using Chinese painting and chapter method, black and white contrast, combination of virtual and real, and another taste.

The production of iron paintings originated in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Anhui Wuhu iron painting became a self-contained and gradually became famous all over the world.

4. Chinese kites have a history of more than 2,000 years. Traditional Chinese kites are full of auspicious meanings and auspicious patterns. The yearning and pursuit of a better life, meaning auspicious patterns.

It gives people the meaning of festivity, auspiciousness and blessing through the image of the pattern; It integrates the appreciation habits of the masses, reflects people's kind and healthy thoughts and feelings, and permeates China's national traditions and folk customs, so it is widely circulated among the people.

5. Embroidery, also known as silk embroidery, is one of China's outstanding traditional national handicrafts. According to the "Book of Shang", the chapter uniform system recorded four thousand years ago was stipulated"Clothes are painted and embroidered";It is also found in the Book of Songs"Plain clothes and embroidery"depiction. During the Song Dynasty, the trend of advocating embroidered clothing has gradually become widely popular among the people, which has also promoted the development of Chinese silk embroidery technology.

Embroidery in the Ming Dynasty has become a highly expressive work of art, and has produced a title"Four famous embroidery"Suzhou embroidery, Guangdong embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Shu embroidery. Among them, Suzhou's Suzhou embroidery and silk are the most famous.

There are 70 kinds of traditional Chinese folk crafts, such as woodblock New Year paintings, ash paintings, paper horses, interior paintings, clay sculptures, face sculptures, sugar sculptures, candy blowers, brick carvings, porcelain carvings, miniature carvings, puppets, shadow puppets, batik, embroidery, brocade, paper-cutting, kites, masks, masks, etc. "Chinese Traditional Folk Crafts" by Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House

New Year's paintings, ash paintings, paper horses, interior paintings, clay sculptures, face sculptures, sugar sculptures, candy blowers, brick carvings, porcelain carvings, miniature carvings, puppets, shadow puppets, batik, embroidery, brocade, paper-cutting, kites, masks, masks, etc., in fact, there are a lot of them.

New Year Painting: It is a kind of Chinese painting, which began in ancient times as the "Door God Painting", one of the Chinese folk arts, and is also a regular painting.

See one of the folk crafts. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, it was officially called New Year painting, which was a unique painting genre in China and an art form that was popular with the people in rural China.

Gray New Year Painting: It is a traditional folk art form of the Han nationality with a long history in China, and an ancient painting in the Han folk New Year painting in the Gaomi area of Shandong, which was first seen in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty (1465-1487) and prevailed in the Qing Dynasty.

Paper horse: An item used by Chinese folk worshippers to gods such as the God of Wealth, the Moon God, the Stove God, and the Birthday Star. The ancients sacrificed with livestock coins, Qin custom animals with horses, and after Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, paper horses were used to worship ghosts and gods.

Clay sculpture: Commonly known as "color sculpture", clay sculpture art is an ancient and common folk art in Chinese folk tradition. It is a folk handicraft that uses clay to shape various images.

Dough sculpture: commonly known as noodle flowers, gift buns, flower cakes, and dough kneading people, it is one of the traditional Chinese folk arts originating from Shandong, Shanxi and Beijing. That is, flour is used as the main ingredient, mixed into different colors, and various lifelike images are created with hands and simple tools.

Sugar plastic: commonly known as blowing sugar, sugar man mold, people engaged in this craft are called blowing sugar people, all over the country, especially in Hubei Tianmen, Chuyang (now Xiantao City) as the most. Sugar plastic uses maltose as raw material, heats the sugar to make it soft, and adds red, blue, black and other pigments, and can adjust dozens of different colors according to needs, and then with the help of scissors, small combs, small knives and other tools and auxiliary materials such as bamboo chips, springs, gypsum powder, etc., it is shaped by the artist's blowing, pulling, rubbing, pulling, pinching, pressing, cutting and other skills.

Brick carving: refers to the carving of landscapes, flowers, characters and other patterns on the green bricks, is a very important art form in the ancient building carving, the production process and the core point is to use the finished brick grade of the finished brick for surface depth carving, which is the real brick carving in the traditional sense of our country for hundreds of years, the traditional brick carving is delicate and delicate, vivid, very bookish and other characteristics.

Porcelain carving: on the glazed fired plain porcelain, with a tungsten steel knife or diamond knife to engrave a book, a handicraft. The production process is:

First, the tip of the knife is used to carve out the dotted lines, and then the ink is waxed, that is, the handwriting of landscapes, flowers and birds and other pictures or various calligraphy styles appear on the porcelain surface, which not only maintains the traditional style of calligraphy and painting, but also gives full play to the characteristics of the crystal smooth porcelain surface, and receives the effect of complementing each other, and endures for a long time.

Micro carving: art is the most delicate and tiny handicraft in Chinese traditional arts and crafts, is a collection of Chinese cultural essence of pocket art, is a branch of carving techniques, for the microscopic carving of a school, micro carving generally refers to the fine round carving, relief and openwork (hollow carving) and so on.

Puppet: A Chinese word, pronounced mù ǒu, in ancient times it was called puppet, kui puppet, and cave puppet. Refers to woodcut idols.

Wooden figurines or small objects that resemble other creatures are often used to describe the look of dementia. The drama that is performed with it is called puppet show.

Woodblock New Year Paintings, Ash Paintings, Paper Horses, Iron Paintings, Burning Paintings, Easter Egg Paintings, Feather Paintings, Wheat Straw Paintings, Kang Paintings, Folk Artist Paintings, Temple Paintings, Inner Paintings, Lacquer Paintings, Clay Sculptures, Face Sculptures, Sugar Blowers, Sugar Paintings, Wax Sculptures, Sculptures, Ou Sculptures, Gray Sculptures, Stone Carvings, Wood Carvings, Brick Carvings, Bamboo Carvings, Shell Carvings, Bone Carvings, Horn Carvings, Ivory Carvings, Egg Carvings, Root Carvings, Peel Carvings, Kernel Carvings, Coal Carvings, Porcelain Carvings, Cork Paintings, Micro Carvings, Inkstones, Puppets, Shadow Puppets, Pottery, Lacquerware, Material, Jade, Cloisonné, Glass, Metalwork, Tongue and Groove, Portraits, Stone Portraits, Brick Carvings, Bamboo Carvings, Shell Carvings, Bone Carvings, Horn Carvings, Ivory Carvings, Egg Carvings, Root Carvings, Peel Carvings, Kernel Carvings, Coal Carvings, Porcelain Carvings, Cork Paintings, Micro Carvings, Inkstones, Puppets, Shadow Puppets, Pottery, Lacquerware, Materialware, Jade, Cloisonne, Glass, Metalwork, Tongue and Groove, Portraits, Stone Portraits, Stone Carvings, Tie-Dyeing, Clip Dyeing, Blue Calico, Embroidery, Brocade, Braiding Fabric, paper art, paper-cutting, kite, lantern, fan, umbrella, face, mask, ornament, toy.

New Year's paintings, ash paintings, interior paintings, clay sculptures, miniature carvings, lacquerware, four treasures of the study, ceramic handicrafts, woodcuts, New Year paintings, copper art, puppets, calligraphy and painting artworks, interior paintings.

Tianjin clay figurines, Dali straw weaving, West Lake thick umbrellas, paper-cutting, ice lanterns.

The traditional handicraft techniques are as follows:

1. Paper-cutting is a kind of folk art that uses scissors or carving knives to cut patterns on paper, and uses vertical pins to decorate life or cooperate with other folk activities. On May 20, 2006, the paper-cut art heritage was approved to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

2. The Chinese knot is a unique hand-woven handicraft in China, and the delicacy and wisdom it shows are one of the aspects of the ancient Chinese civilization. It was originally knotted by the Paleolithic sewing clothes, and then extended to the ritual records of the Han Dynasty, and then evolved into today's Yu Yiyou decoration craft.

Chinese knots are made from beginning to end with a single silk thread, and each basic knot is named according to its shape and meaning. Combining different knots with each other, or combining with other ornaments with auspicious patterns, it forms a traditional Chinese auspicious decorative item with a unique shape, gorgeous and colorful, profound meaning and rich connotation.

3. The water oil paper umbrella factory is the only one in China that maintains the traditional craft of tung oil and lithograph paper umbrella production enterprises, and the traditional production skills of the water oil paper umbrella are praised by experts as the living fossil of Chinese folk umbrella art, and it is also the only national intangible cultural heritage in the oil paper umbrella industry.

4. Embroidery is a general term for various decorative patterns embroidered on fabrics with needles and threads. There are two types of embroidery: silk thread embroidery and feather embroidery. It is a decorative fabric that pierces silk threads or other fibers and yarns with a certain pattern and color on the embroidery material with a needle, and forms a pattern with embroidery traces.

Embroidery is one of the traditional Chinese folk handicrafts, with a history of at least two to three thousand years in China. Chinese embroidery mainly includes four categories: Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Shu embroidery and Guangdong embroidery.