How good was the prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty, where Japanese students risked their lives to c

The bull spirit of the strong Tang Dynasty, the cattle connected the Eurasian continent, so that the originally isolated civilization has been fully exchanged on the land and sea Silk Road. And get a new life. Specifically, it is manifested in:

1. The Turks fled, and the Central Plains were in Zhangye.

After the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Turkic Han state was disintegrated by the strong Sui and Tang dynasties. Disappeared from the vision of the Central Plains Dynasty, and the Uighurs, Tiele, Huangjiasi, Qarluq, Shituqi, Gaochang and other Hexi, Central Asian countries also began to become the western Ping Domains of the Central Plains Dynasty.

Through the operation of the Tang Dynasty, they were more closely related to the Central Plains Dynasty and became the residence of the old people on the road to Yangguan in the west of the Tang Dynasty. They are together with the Central Plains Dynasty, connecting Europe and Asia.

2. Black and white food, from the west.

The Arab Empire of the Sui and Tang dynasties, under the rule of the black-clothed and white-clothed dynasties, spread the seeds of advanced civilization to Asia, Africa and Europe through armed missionary work.

The advanced Islamic civilization also entered China through Central Asia and Hexi countries, making the ancient Central Plains civilization more closely connected to the fast lane of Eurasian development.

3. Uncle and nephew Bangguo, west to Tibet.

Tubo, because of Princess Wencheng and Tang, about nephew and uncle. Although it has a strong military, but the economy and culture are relatively backward, with the cultivation and development of the Han and Tibetan ancestors, the convenient exchange of various advanced cultures in the land of the Tang Dynasty, Tubo has also been gradually brought out of backwardness.

4. Harmony Silla, east to Japan.

The conquest of Goguryeo by the Sui and Tang dynasties finally ended the Three Kingdoms era on the Korean Peninsula after uniting the forces of Silla, pulled the Korean Peninsula into the fast lane of the development of Eurasia, and finally reformed Japan through the battles of the Sino-Japanese Baijiang Estuary. Ride a ride on the rapid development of Eurasia.

Therefore, the bull spirit of the strong Tang Dynasty is connected to Europe and Asia.

At that time, the Tang Dynasty had developed to an unprecedented heyday, with advanced productive forces and cultural development, so it attracted many Japanese students to study.

Because the Tang Dynasty at that time was very prosperous, it had reached an unprecedented heyday, with a population of 50 million at that time, and the per capita grain had reached 700 catties during the Kaiyuan Dynasty, so people from all over the world would come to absorb the essence of Tang Dynasty culture and learning.

The population of the Tang Dynasty at that time was 50 million, and in the 14th century, the total population of Europe was only 81 million; During the prosperous period of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, the per capita grain reached 700 catties.

The Tang Dynasty was a very powerful dynasty in ancient China, and it was very prosperous economically and culturally at this time, and it was also very open-minded, so it attracted a lot of Japanese students to study.

Tang's strong bull break is because of its existence connected to the Eurasian continent

In addition to economic and political strength, the most important thing is the prosperity and openness of culture, which can accept people of different countries and ethnicities, and can accept different cultures.

The Japanese students who came to China to study during the Tang Dynasty were: Abe Nakamaro.

After the Tang Dynasty experienced the rule of Zhenguan, ushered in the prosperous era of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, the social economy was prosperous and stable, and the culture was prosperous.

After Abe Zhongmalu came to the Tang Dynasty, he entered the Guozijian to study, and with his intelligence and diligence, he participated in the imperial examination and entered the rank of scholar in one fell swoop. At that time, it was not easy for even the literati of the Tang Dynasty to get the Jinshi, and as a foreigner, Abe Zhongmaro not only had to overcome the language barrier, but also to adapt to cultural differences.

Abe Nakamaro still wanted to continue his studies, so he did not return to Japan, so he became a school clerk in the Tang Dynasty, and was later promoted to the Annam Metropolitan Protector. In the process, because Abe Nakamaro was bold and talented, he also got to know many poets and literati. His circle of friends includes Li Bai, Wang Wei, Chu Guangxi, Zhao Ye, Bao Ji and other literary celebrities, and they all have some close contacts.

As time passed, Abe's longing for his hometown grew stronger, and after more than 30 years in the Tang Dynasty, he decided to return to his roots. Before leaving, the literati and scholars in Chang'an City all bid farewell one after another, reluctant to give up. Wang Wei wrote him a send-off poem "Send the Secretary Chao Jian to Return to the Country":

The water is not extreme, and the sea is east. Where is Kyushu, thousands of miles are like the sky. Look at the sun to the country, return to the sail but the trade wind.

The body of the turtle reflects the darkness of the sky, and the fish's eyes are red. Outside the village tree Fusang, the owner is in the island. Separate from the foreign land, if the message is connected.

It can be seen that the source of his popularity is good.

On the way back to Japan, he met pirates, the whole ship was destroyed, and the news was transmitted back to the Tang Dynasty, and all friends were very sad and regretful, and there was also a memorial poem from Li Bai to Abe Zhongmaru mentioned above. Perhaps Abe Zhongma Lufu had a great fate, only he and more than ten other people survived, returned to Chang'an, continued to be an official, and experienced the "Anshi Rebellion" with Tang Xuanzong, and finally grew old in the Tang Dynasty.

Abe Nakamaro (698-770) was an important figure in the history of Sino-Japanese friendly relations, and his Chinese name was Chao Heng. In the fifth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (717), Chao Heng was selected as a student of the Tang Dynasty because of his good cultivation of Chinese language, when he was not yet 20 years old. After entering the Tang Dynasty, his knowledge and conduct were soon appreciated by the emperor and the academic circles of the Tang Dynasty, and he successively served as the school secretary, Zuo Buque, secretary and supervisor, Zuo Sancai Chang and Zhennan Protector.

The secretary and supervisor are equivalent to the director of the National Library, and Zuo Sanqi is always a servant of the three grades, which shows that he is very much used by the Tang Dynasty.

Chao Heng had close contacts with famous poets of the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei, Li Bai, and Chu Guangxi. Chu Guangxi praised him very much, and once wrote the poem "Luozhong Yi Dynasty School Book Heng" as a gift. Chao Heng once gave Li Bai a Japanese fur, and Li Bai was very moved.

In the thirteenth year of Tianbao (753), Chao Heng wanted to return to China with the "Tang envoy" to visit relatives, but Tang Xuanzong allowed him and ordered him to be the return envoy. He and the Tang ambassador Fujiwara Qinghe and others, together in a boat to return home, on the way encountered a storm, Li Bai mistakenly heard that Chao Heng capsized when returning to Japan, very sad, wrote the famous "Crying Chao Qingheng" poem, deep affection: "Japan Chao Qing quit the imperial capital, the sail is a piece of tent pot, the bright moon does not return to the blue sea, and the white clouds are full of sorrow.

It has become a masterpiece in the history of Sino-Japanese friendship that has been recited for thousands of years.

Chao Heng later failed to cross eastward, and returned to Chang'an after wandering, and continued to serve in the Tang Dynasty until his death in Chang'an at the age of 73 in the fifth year of the Great Calendar (770). Chao Heng has lived and worked in China for 54 years and has made outstanding contributions to the cause of China-Japan friendship. The Japanese people erected a statue and a memorial hall for their Gokokuji Temple in Tokyo.

In the 200 years after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent Tang envoys to China a total of 13 times, along with many foreign students, the most famous of whom was Abe Nakamaro. The most influential of the Tang envoys and monks to Japan was Jianzhen. Abe Nakamaro lived in China for a long time, and he formed a deep friendship with the poets Wang Wei and Li Bai at that time, and made important contributions to the cultural exchanges between China and Japan and the friendship between the two peoples.

In order to forge friendship and exchange culture between the Chinese and Japanese peoples, Jianzhen braved hardships and dangers, was born and died, crossed to the east six times, and made outstanding contributions to Japan's architecture, medicine, and art. The discovery of a large number of coins in each country proves that the culture of the Tang Dynasty had a profound impact on Japan's urban architecture, literature and art, life habits, and festival customs.

During the Tang Dynasty, not all Japanese students who came to China returned to China. During the Tang Dynasty, Japan sent a total of 15 batches of envoys to the Tang Dynasty, the number of each batch was between 200 and 600 people, according to the average number of 400 people per batch, there were about 6,000 Japanese envoys to the Tang Dynasty during the Tang Dynasty, but about 3,000 people returned to Japan after completing their studies. Because the navigation technology at sea was not so advanced at that time, many ships encountered wind and waves at sea, and many people were buried at the bottom of the sea, and some people were drifted to other places, Japan's Abe Nakamaro was wrecked at sea, and finally returned to Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty, where he became an official and lived.

During the Tang Dynasty, the social atmosphere was still relatively open, so the countries around the Tang Dynasty were willing to have friendly exchanges with the Tang Dynasty, and the kings of the Tang Dynasty also continued to absorb talents from the surrounding countries, on the one hand, to provide them with Chinese civilization and culture, and on the other hand, to cultivate talents for the Tang Dynasty itself. During the Tang Dynasty, Japan constantly sent envoys across the sea to learn Chinese culture, hoping that Chinese culture could provide Japan with more civilized ideas.

For international students who came to the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty monarch would not be stingy, and the Tang Dynasty monarch would arrange for some international students to follow the ** in the court to deal with government affairs, so that they would have more opportunities to study. Generally speaking, the Japanese envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty would return to Japan after studying in the Tang Dynasty for a few years, but at that time the sea navigation was still very difficult, they took ordinary wooden boats, once they encountered big storms and waves, it was easy to wreck, after many ships were wrecked, some Japanese students drifted to other places and settled in the local area to live.

Abe Nakamaro was also a member of the shipwreck, when the ship wrecked after he drifted to other places, after many places he returned to Chang'an, and served as a festival envoy in Chang'an, again during the period Abe Nakamaro many times to meet Japan, but several ships wrecked, he finally failed to return to China because of his age.

Probably more than half, on the way to the Tang Dynasty or returning home, encountered a storm at sea and died. The Tang Dynasty was a center of great worship in Asia at that time. Other countries in Asia believed that the Tang Dynasty had the most advanced civilization and the most developed economics, so many people were willing to send their own envoys to study in the Tang Dynasty.

At that time, the Tang Dynasty also welcomed neighboring countries to study locally, receive tribute from these countries, and maintain friendly relations with these countries.

At that time, Japan sent many envoys to the Tang Dynasty to study in the Tang Dynasty. According to statistics, there may be nearly 6,000 people, but only half of them will return to Japan safely. This is because it is necessary to cross the sea to come to the Central Plains from Japan.

At that time, seafaring technology was not well developed, and large ships were often affected by waves and storms when they went to sea. Therefore, every time you travel from Japan to the Tang Dynasty, or return to Japan from the Tang Dynasty, you need to take a lot of risks.

However, there were still many people who were willing to study in the Tang Dynasty, which shows that the Tang Dynasty at that time had a strong attraction to many surrounding countries. The Tang Dynasty was a very powerful country at that time, and the surrounding weak countries all wanted to absorb the culture of the Tang Dynasty and learn from the advanced places of the Tang Dynasty in order to develop themselves. And these envoys who dared to face the waves and storms did not hesitate to take risks to go to the Tang Dynasty.

After learning knowledge in a strange country, even if he held an important position in the Tang Dynasty, he was still willing to return to his country. This shows how much the Japanese envoys sent to Tang love their country. These people, like many people now, want to study abroad and serve their homeland when they come back.

After receiving a lot of Tang Dynasty culture brought by these envoys, Japan continued to learn and evolve, and gradually became a country with its own cultural heritage. In today's Japan, Chinese characters are still used, and the Han culture of the Tang Dynasty is also very worshipped. Japan, which has a similar cultural heritage to the Central Plains, would probably be a very friendly neighbor if it weren't for the war.

During the Tang Dynasty, Japanese students who came to China returned, but many did not return to Japan, but were buried at the bottom of the sea.

The Tang Dynasty sent more than 6,000 Tang envoys to China, but less than 3,000 returned.

A.D. 630. Tang Taizong Li Shimin ascended the throne, and in this year, the Japanese government headed by Inugami Yutian Qiu sent Tang envoys to Chang'an for the first time. Later,In the more than 200 years from 630 894 A.D., Japan sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty as many as 19 times.

However, there were two times when they were prevented from making the trip, one was to welcome the Tang envoys back to China, and three were to escort the Tang envoys back to China, so the number of Tang envoys officially appointed by Japan and actually arrived at the capital of the Tang Dynasty should be 13 times.

When I first started. Japan's mission to Tang (composed of ** envoys, study visitors, and seafaring staff).Smaller scale. Usually there are only one or two ships at a time, and the number of people is only about 120.

Later,The scale of the Tang envoys gradually expanded, the number of ships increased to 4, and the number of personnel increased to more than 500.

The Japanese "study abroad" in China has indeed made a great contribution to the development of Japan, and has also greatly promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between China and Japan. From the current Japanese folk customs and living habits, we can also see the traces of strong ancient Chinese culture.

When I first started. Japan's mission to Tang (composed of ** envoys, study visitors, and seafaring staff).Smaller scale. Usually there are only one or two ships at a time, and the number of people is only about 120.

Later,The scale of the Tang envoys gradually expanded, the number of ships increased to 4, and the number of personnel increased to more than 500.

The Japanese "study abroad" in China has indeed made a great contribution to the development of Japan, and has also greatly promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between China and Japan. From the current Japanese folk customs and living habits, we can also see the traces of strong ancient Chinese culture.

However,With the presence of Japanese pirates along the coast of China during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, some scholars became suspicious of the purpose of the Japanese to "study" in the Tang Dynasty in China。Some think. Japan's ambition for China has been planned for a long time, and they came to Datang not only to carry out economic and cultural exchanges and study, but also to spy on China, or to learn China's advanced culture by the way while spying on China.

As for the two titles of "sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty" and "Kou Kou", some people say that Japan was originally "Kou", but because their strength was difficult to compete with the national strength of the Tang Dynasty at that time, they changed "Kou" to "envoy" in order to enter and exit China in a high-sounding manner.