Everyone s opinion of the Zhou Dynasty, what was the Zhou Dynasty like?

The first period of prosperity of the Chinese nation is also the first period of prosperity.

On the whole, it has accelerated China's historical progress, and it has survived for a long time, which shows that its impact is far-reaching!

The Zhou dynasty was a great dynasty, according to the usual algorithm, that is, until the Qin destroyed the Zhou dynasty as the end of this dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty lasted 800 years, making it the longest-lived dynasty in China's history. This era can be described as unprecedented, and there is no one after it (I don't believe that the life span of this dynasty can be longer than that of the Zhou Dynasty).

Many of the institutions, rituals, and models created by the Zhou dynasty became an indispensable part of traditional Chinese politics. Although many systems, such as hukou, marriage, taxation, and family concepts, are very different from those of the past, all our creations and reforms are based on the systems of that era.

It was a great dynasty.

The Zhou Dynasty was also an era of traditional Chinese philosophy and literature. King Wen of Zhou made the core Yi of traditional Chinese culture. Jiang Ziya created the earliest military book, Liutao.

Zhou Gong Ji Dan established the traditional customs and political system structure that have continued for thousands of years. Confucius studied Zhou Li and Feng Ya Song, compiled the Analects and the Book of Songs, and finally deepened the study to form a philosophical system of benevolence. The study of the Ten Wings was made as its highest literary achievement.

Lao Tzu studied all kinds of documents of the Zhou Dynasty and formed the Tao. The Zhou Dynasty had a splendid culture. With its sophisticated organizational structure, it has been able to last for nearly a thousand years, and I personally think that this is not only the pride of China, but also the pride of the world.

The bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty have more characteristics of the times, tending to be simple and long-term. The wine vessels, horns, sashes, goblets, fangyi, etc. have basically disappeared, and the pots, reeds, bowls, bottles, and bird and beast bottles still remain.

The bowls, bowls and water fillers of the food container are new types of utensils, which are generous and practical. 匜, a set of plates, need to be used, found often unearthed together. The "Book of Rites Internal Rules" records:

Enter, the young serve the plate, the elderly serve water, please wo, the pawn, and give the scarf. "The luxurious life of the aristocracy can be seen. The bronze bell has developed from a group of 3 pieces to a group of 8 pieces.

The Lieding system was particularly prevalent during this period. It also often appears in an even number, matching the tripod.

The instrument type is on the tripod, and the retort is mostly made of hoof-shaped feet, and the Mao Gong Ding can be used as a typical representative. Some of the tripods and plates have mouths, and some of the plates have abdominal ears. There are often 3 legs under the ring foot.

The mustache is mostly folded, the arc crotch, there is a special shape of the mustache with the stove, and a relief of the figurines who was tortured is also cast outside the door of the square stove. The pot generally has a collar double animal ear. The strikers are mostly triangular in shape.

In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, there were also ornaments with the artistic style of the times, such as ring belt pattern, plagiarism pattern, scale pattern, heavy ring pattern, and tile pattern. However, there are also many utensils with plain surfaces or only a few strings on the body.

Because the makers pay more attention to the inscriptions, the new ornamentation inevitably has a rough and sloppy feeling. The animal face pattern is generally no longer used as a theme decoration, but is often used as a decoration on the upper end of the foot. Bird prints continue to be popular.

Hello, there already is. The earliest record of communication in China is from the oracle bone inscription unearthed in Yinxu. Yin is the Shang Dynasty, also known as Yin Shang.

Yin's hometown is now in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province, during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the tortoiseshell animal bone was excavated here, and the text was engraved on it, which was later called the oracle bone inscription. The oracle bone inscription records that in the Pangeng era of Yin Shang (around 1400 B.C.), Bian Xu reported the military situation to the Son of Heaven, and there is a "coming drum" Eryu. It has been verified that the "Lai Gu" is similar to today's reconnaissance and signal troops.

In the ancient book "To be Scripted", there is also a record of "Jianshu", which is an urgent document of the government engraved with animal bones and transmitted by the signal soldiers. "Jianshu" comes from the end of the Yin Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty (12th century BC to the 11th century), which is the predecessor of the post post.

The theory of "Zhou people still red" put forward by Confucianism in the Warring States period is a hypothesis constructed by exaggerating the significance of individual facts such as the Zhou people's habit of using red sacrifices, which contradicts the historical reality that the battle flag was still white and the dress was still black in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, so it is difficult to establish. The Confucian argument for "Zhou people are still red" is quite far-fetched from the beginning, and some additions by Qin and Han scholars, especially Dong Zhongshu, show that he has completely fallen into the mistake of arbitrarily interpreting regardless of historical facts. The veneration of a certain color as a dynasty system began in the Qin Dynasty, and there was no system similar to "Qin Shang Hei" before that.

What color did the Zhou people admire" and "which of the five virtues belonged to the Zhou Dynasty", both of which were based on erroneous theoretical assumptions, and thus had the nature of pseudo-questions. On the whole, the theory of "Zhou people are still red" does not have much reference value for modern people to study the ritual system of the Zhou Dynasty, and it is easy to draw wrong conclusions by believing this theory and deducing the relevant cultural phenomena of the Zhou Dynasty from it. The theory of "Zhou people and Shang Chi" is part of the interpretation system of the three-generation ritual system created by Confucianism, and it is combined with the other two propositions "Xia Hou's Shang Hei" and "Yin Ren Shang Bai" to form a complete historical formula to explain the development process of the three generations of ritual system or three generations of culture.

Before modern times, the theory of "Zhou people are still red" has been widely used as a credible historical knowledge. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the rise of the trend of discerning pseudo-truth, many scholars have vaguely expressed their doubts about the theory of "Zhou people are still red" while criticizing the "Three Unifications". Recently, some commentaries have tended to affirm the ancient theory, arguing that "Shangchi" was indeed an inherent cultural characteristic of the Zhou people[1](p448-450).

Zhou Ren Shangchi said that it involves many aspects of the funeral, chariots and horses, sacrifices, flags, costumes, and even precious jade and musical instruments of the Zhou Dynasty, as well as the relationship between the Zhou rites and the previous ritual system, so it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth study on whether they are credible or not. Whether the theory of "Zhou people are still red" conforms to the historical reality of the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty can be tested from two aspects: one is to analyze whether the arguments of the Qin and Han scholars of the Warring States period on "Zhou people are still red" are reasonable, and the other is to make a comprehensive comparison with the relevant historical facts of the Zhou Dynasty.

Through the examination, it can be seen that the theory of "Zhou people Shangchi" lacked sufficient convincing power from the beginning of its proposal, and later its content continued to expand, and these follow-up contents with the nature of supplementary evidence were also getting farther and farther away from the true appearance of Zhou Dynasty rituals. The theory of "Zhou people are still red" is a hypothesis constructed by exaggerating the meaning of individual facts, and it is likely that the credulous belief in this hypothesis and the inference of the Zhou Dynasty's color-related rituals and customs are likely to lead to erroneous conclusions.

Personally, I think there are several main reasons, one is that the Zhou Dynasty is too far away from us and it is difficult to understand. The second is that the Zhou Dynasty was a slave society.

Because the great Shang civilization was destroyed by the barbarian peoples of the West, it was not restored until the Warring States period.

First, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty has not risen, because the Western Zhou Dynasty Zhou Youwang favored Bao Xi, smiled for the Pomeranians, and played the princes of the beacon fire, so that Shenhou led the dog Rong to invade, kill the Youwang and seize Bao Xi, and Kyoto became a ruin, so the king of Zhou Ping, who inherited the son of heaven of the Zhou Dynasty, moved east to Luoyang, which is known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history. This is the emergence of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was also a turning point in the decline of the Zhou Dynasty.

At this time, the princes who were divided by the Son of Heaven began to grow, and the exchange of Zhou and Zheng was the beginning, and Zhou Tianzi became the nominal co-lord of the world, and there was no actual power to command the princes. The fall of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty came to the Warring States Period, and it was destroyed by the Qin State in 256 BC, because at that time all the princes had already claimed the king, and Zhou Tianzi was not even the nominal co-lord of the world.

Second, the use of bronze tools in the Zhou Dynasty has been widespread, so the productivity of the Xia Shang has improved, the population growth rate is relatively fast, the Spring and Autumn Period began to use iron tools, and the Spring and Autumn War is similar to sports competition, so the death population is small, and the population growth is still very fast, but after the Warring States Period when the city was fought to kill people, the population was much less due to the war, so be it. How exactly it grows, that's, of course, after the man and woman xxoo...

From the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty by King Wu of Zhou, the history is divided into the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou, the early period of the Western Zhou Dynasty is the period of the development of the slave society, the Western Zhou Dynasty is divided into feudal systems, the Zhou rites are built, and the Zhou Gong Tufu. In the later period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the king of Zhou You was mediocre and brutal, in order to win a smile, he even lit the beacon fire (the princes of the beacon fire and the beacon fire play) Later, the nomadic people in the north invaded the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the king of Zhou You lit the beacon fire again, this time there was no Qinwang troops to come, and as a result, the king of Zhou You was killed, after which the king of Zhou Ping moved east to Luoyang, known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history.

At this time, the princes who were divided by the Son of Heaven gradually grew, and Zhou Zheng was the beginning, and Zhou Tianzi became the nominal co-lord of the world, and there was no actual power to command the princes. In 256 BC, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed by the Qin state.

During the development of bronze ware in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the productivity increased, and the population grew rapidly. During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it was relatively stable and the population increased to a certain extent, and during the Warring States Period, (400,000 people died in the Battle of Changping) the population gradually decreased due to the war.

From the founding of King Wu of Zhou in the 11th century BC to the destruction of the Qin state in 256 BC, the Zhou Dynasty had a total of 34 kings and existed for about 800 years, making it the longest dynasty in Chinese history.

The Zhou Dynasty was the third dynasty in history. In the 11th century BC, King Wu of Zhou defeated the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty, with the capital of Ho. During the early years of King Cheng, Zhou Gongdan assisted King Cheng of Zhou, formulated the code system, established the patriarchal system, and divided the princes again, and the social economy and culture developed greatly compared with the Shang Dynasty.

In 771 B.C., King You was killed by the dog Rong, and in 770 B.C., King Ping moved his capital to Luoyi.

History says that before the capital was moved, it was the Western Zhou, and after the capital was moved, it was the Eastern Zhou. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the power of the vassal states gradually became stronger. began to disobey the jurisdiction of the king of Zhou, in order to compete for the position of the overlord, they constantly fought with each other, which is known in history as the "Spring and Autumn Warring States" period.

In 256 BC, the Zhou Dynasty was destroyed by the Qin state.

The status of the king of Zhou was actually more like the leader of a military alliance than a pure national leader. The local princes he made were the real leaders of the state. The scope of the "country" under the jurisdiction of King Zhou himself is actually not large, the country is small and easy to manage, so the maintenance time is naturally long, Xia Shang and Zhou are all more than 500 years of history at every turn, but the territory that belongs to the leader at that time is very small.

This is essentially different from the Qin and Han dynasties, Qin Shi Huang is the real national leader, and his subordinates have to listen to him alone, King Zhou's subordinates are all "countries within the country", and King Zhou and Duke Qi Huan Zheng Zhuang are not the relationship between ** and the locality, but the relationship between the suzerainty and the vassal state. You are a country and I am also a country, but you are a bigger country and I am a smaller country, but if you King Zhou dare to run my Zheng country's territory casually, Zheng Zhuang Gong will still beat you all over the ground looking for teeth. After Qin Shi Huang, the country's territory expanded dramatically, management was difficult, and the time of the dynasty was easy to shorten, the Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties for 300 years did not belong to the model of perfect national management, and the Song Dynasty was able to maintain more than 300 years under extremely unfavorable military conditions It is a miracle, and the era of the Zhou Dynasty cannot be compared with the same standard.

The reason why the Zhou Dynasty is the greatest dynasty is that it is by far the oldest surviving dynasty in history. Due to the incompleteness of the documents, our understanding of the Zhou Dynasty is not so complete, and the paintings are full of many mythological colors. So such a myth also affected our perception of the Zhou Dynasty.

It always gives people a sense of magic.

The Zhou Dynasty is a microcosm of social progress, first of all, the Zhou Dynasty established the feudal system and the patriarchal inheritance system, these two systems have a far-reaching influence in Chinese history, and are the period of great development of Chinese surnames, and they are also the main ** of Chinese surnames. The patriarchal inheritance system clearly stipulates that the throne is passed on to the heirs, and the elders are not passed on to the virtuous. This patriarchal system was passed down from generation to generation in various dynasties and lasted for nearly 3,000 years until the Qing Dynasty.

The Zhou Dynasty was by far the longest reigning in Chinese history, and it created a splendid culture, and it was during this dynasty that the Zhou Yi was written.

Because the history of the Zhou Dynasty is more than 800 years, it is a very large dynasty, and bronze tools and the like have been studied at that time, and the territory of the Super League seems to be very large at that time.

Because the Zhou Dynasty is also regarded as the first era in China, many systems, etiquette, and culture were established at that time, which promoted the development of economics.

The benevolent see the benevolent and the wise see the wise, the word Huaxia first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty.

Because the system and culture of the Zhou Dynasty lasted for many years, it had a huge impact on the whole of China.

As a slave country, the Zhou Dynasty had a history of 800 years, and some people laughed and said, "King Wen pulled a cart for 800 steps, and the Zhou Dynasty was under heaven for 800 years." The primogeniture system it created has continued in China for more than 2,000 years, and its feudal system has also been used as a reference by later dynasties.

The most commendable thing is that its splendid culture has become the crown jewel of Chinese culture, and the great Chinese educator Confucius was born in this period.

The Zhou dynasty was divided into the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou.

The Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods: the Western Zhou (c. 11th century BC, 771 BC) and the Eastern Zhou (770 BC, 256 BC). The Western Zhou Dynasty was founded by Ji Fa, the king of Zhou Wu, and the capital was Haojing (Zong Zhou), and the eastern capital of Chengwang was built in the fifth year of the city. In 770 B.C. (the first year of King Ping of Zhou), King Ping moved eastward and set the capital of Luoyi (Cheng Zhou), and this period of the Zhou Dynasty was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

The Middle Eastern Zhou period is also known as the "Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period", which is divided into two parts: "Spring and Autumn" and "Warring States". The Zhou dynasty was the third and last hereditary slave dynasty in China, after which the Qin and Han dynasties began to become a unified state with a unified state from ** to the local level**. Historical books often refer to the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou as two weeks together.

Before the destruction of the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou tribe originated from the Huaxia (Han) people, because they were invaded by nomadic tribes such as Rong and Di, the leader of the Zhou tribe, Gu Gong 亶father (亶dǎn), led the Zhou people to migrate to the plain under Qishan (now northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi) and settled. Living in the Weihe River Basin (Guanzhong area of Shaanxi), its ancestor abandoned is known as the god of agriculture "Houji", "Shuowen" cloud "Yellow Emperor Ju Ji Shui (one is the Qishui River in Wugong County in the central part of Guanzhong, Shaanxi, the other is located in the north of Guanzhong Shaanxi Huangling County near the Fu River, both rivers are tributaries of the Wei River), with Ji as the clan, the Zhou people are surnamed ", the language is ancient Chinese, the text still uses ancient Chinese characters, and the folk accounts are still dominated by turtle bones and ox bone inscriptions, and the royal family is dominated by the emerging brocade silk and other records. The Zhou Dynasty was divided into feudal systems, and the king of Zhou was the "co-lord of the world".