Glycogen or glycogen, what is glycogen?

Glycogen is a branched-chain polysaccharide synthesized from many types of glucose. It is the storage form of sugar in animals, and most of the ingested sugars are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue, and only a small part is stored in the form of glycogen. It is known as "animal starch".

It is easily degraded into glucose, which provides energy for various physiological activities. The significance of this is that when the body needs glucose, it can be quickly and passively used for urgent needs.

Glycogen (C6H10O5)N

Also known as liver sugar, animal starch. Polysaccharides stored in animal and bacterial cells are composed entirely of glucose. In animals, the most abundant reserves are in liver and skeletal muscle, which is comparable to the role of starch in plants.

The enzymatic synthesis and breakdown of glycogen in the body maintains normal blood sugar levels, and glycogen in bacteria is used for energy and carbon. In the dry state, it is a white amorphous powder, odorless and sweet. With iodine brownish-red, it shows maximum light absorption at 430 490 nm.

Partially soluble in water to form a colloidal solution, insoluble in ethanol. The structure is similar to that of amylopectin, mainly -d-glucose, which is formed by condensation and loss of water by (1 4) glycosidic bonds, and some branched chains are connected by (1 6) glycosidic bonds. Maltose and glucose are produced when hydrolyzed by amylase after careful calculation.

Animal liver can be treated with 30% sodium hydroxide, and then ethanol precipitation is added.

Glycogen is a polysaccharide made up of many types of glucose, which is the main form of sugar stored in the body's cells. All tissues of the human body use glucose to synthesize glycogen, among which the liver and muscle store more glycogen, which are called liver glycogen and muscle glycogen respectively (normal people store about 100g of liver glycogen, and muscle glycogen is about 200g 400g). Glycogen not only stores energy, but also breaks down into glucose to regulate blood sugar concentration.

Since the time of human eating is intermittent, blood sugar rises after eating, and a certain amount of sugar must be stored for physiological needs when not eating. Glycogen is a form of sugar that can be synthesized and stored in tissues such as the liver and muscles after eating, so as to prevent the blood sugar concentration from becoming too high. Hepatic glycogen can be produced not only from glucose, fructose, and galactose, but also from non-sugar substances such as glycerol, lactic acid, and certain amino acids.

Hepatic glycogen regulates blood glucose concentration, and when blood sugar is high, hepatic glycogen can be synthesized in the liver; When blood sugar is low, hepatic glycogen is broken down into glucose to replenish blood glucose, so hepatic glycogen is important for maintaining a relatively constant blood glucose. However, myoglycogen can only be produced from glucose, and cannot be directly broken down into blood sugar. When muscles are vigorously active, muscle glycogen is decomposed to produce a large amount of lactic acid, which is mostly circulated to the liver with the blood, except for a part of which can be oxidized for energy, and is converted into hepatic glycogen or blood sugar through gluconeogenesis.

Blood sugar is sent to muscles and other tissues through blood circulation for oxidation or synthesis of muscle glycogen for storage. This cycle of muscle glycogen, blood lactate, liver glycogen, blood sugar, and muscle glycogen is also known as the lactate cycle.

Glycogen. Insulin lowers blood sugar levels by breaking down excess blood sugar (glucose in the blood) into glycogen.

Glycogen is an animal starch, also known as:Liver sugaror glycogen, made ofGlucoseThe combined branched-chain polysaccharides have glycosidic chains of type. It is a storage polysaccharide for animals.

Glycogen is stored in hepatocytes and muscle cytoplasm, its shape is particles of different sizes, brown in case of iodine, soluble in water, after the body necrosis, glycogen is destroyed, so fresh specimens must be taken and fixed in time. Glycogen is not equal to sugars, but only one type of sugar. Classification of sugars from the perspective of histochemical techniques and noise biochemistry.

The classification is not uniform.

From a histochemical point of view, sugars can be slightly divided into polysaccharides, neutral sugar liquid substances and acidic mucus substances, as well as mucins and mucolipids.

Polysaccharides, mainly glycogen, are a number of polysaccharides composed of many glucose molecules with glycosidic bonds. When the body dies, it is quickly broken down into glucose.

Fundamentals of glycogen:

Glycogen is made up of branched or straight chains of D-glucose and is most abundant in the liver and muscles. Periodic acid is a strong oxidizing agent that oxidizes the ethylene glycol group (choh-choh) in glucose to two free aldehyde groups.

Potato Bach), free aldehyde group with schiff'The S reagent reacts to produce a purplish-red product, and the color shade is proportional to the polysaccharide content.

Due to the simple sugars. It is extracted during histochemical operations such as fixation, dehydration and embedding, so the sugars that can be shown on general tissue specimens are mainly polysaccharides, including glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, mucins, and glycoproteins.

and glycolipids, etc. Therefore, to determine whether this red substance is glycogen, it is necessary to conduct control experiments at the same time. Glycogen can be hydrolyzed by salivary amylase, first with salivary amylase and then PAS color development, if the reaction is negative, it indicates glycogen, otherwise, other polysaccharides.

1. Glycogen is mainly used to store energy in the human body. When eating, a large amount of glucose.

is absorbed into the bloodstream, i.e. blood glucose, in insulin.

This excess glucose is synthesized into glycogen in the liver, muscles, etc. Generally speaking, glycogen (hepatic glycogen) in the liver can be broken down into glucose into the blood when a person is hungry to maintain blood sugar concentration and supply life activities. Glycogen in muscles (muscle glycogen.

It is mainly used for direct oxidative decomposition to produce energy for muscle contraction.

2. Blood sugar is grape sugar. When sugars are digested in the intestines, they become glucose, and then they are absorbed into the bloodstream. (To put it simply, it is glucose in the blood).

Glycogen (CHO) is an animal starch, also known as liver sugar or glycogen, which is a branched-chain polysaccharide formed by combining glucose, and its glycosidic chain is of the type. It is a storage polysaccharide for animals.

In mammals, glycogen is mainly found in skeletal muscle (about 2 3 of the glycogen in the whole body) and liver (about 1 3), and most other tissues, such as heart muscle, kidney, brain, etc., also contain a small amount of glycogen. Glycogen or glycogen analogues are also found in lower animals and certain microorganisms, such as fungi. The glycogen structure is similar to that of amylopectin.