Give examples of ancient people s surnames, names, and their avoidance

Originally, the surname was derived from the name of the village where they lived, or the tribe to which they belonged. A clan is derived from a title given by the monarch to a land, a title, an official position, or a title added after death according to merit. In the early days, only nobles had surnames and surnames; Civilians have only names.

Such as the Yellow Emperor, the surname Ji, the Xuanyuan family, and the Xiong family During the Warring States period, the society changed drastically, and the old aristocracy declined.

The number is self-made, and it is generally related to residence, hobbies, encounters, etc. Women also have numbers, such as Li Qingzhao's number Yi'an Jushi Generally, those who had numbers in ancient times were highly educated, so there were fewer women with numbers, and there were no numbers among men, such as peddlers and pawns

Avoidance: The name of the elder such as the gentleman needs to be avoided Simply put, it cannot be read according to the portrayal It is necessary to reduce the strokes when writing and reading, or replace it with other homophones and synonyms; When reading, replace it with a similar sound. For example, Wang Zhaojun, because of the avoidance of Emperor Zhao, some people write as Wang Mingjun, and Zhao and Ming are synonymous.

Another example is in "Dream of Red Mansions", Daiyu avoids her mother Jia Min, there is the word "Min" in the book, all of which are pronounced as "secret", and when the writing meets the word "Min", one or two strokes are subtracted.

Complement the names and characters of the ancients:

Since the Zhou Dynasty, people have taken words in addition to their names. "The Book of Rites: Tan Gong" said: "Young name, crown."

The explanation of this sentence is: "The name is added in the first three months, so the name of the cloud is young; There is a way to be a father in the twentieth year, and friends and other categories cannot be called by their names, so the crown is added. "When you are twenty years old, you have the way to be a father", and you add "word", of course, it means men; For women, it is "the word of the marriage", and the word is added when it is time to marry (15 years old).

People are born with names in order to distinguish them from each other, otherwise they will not be able to enter the existing system of social order as independent. There will be no scruples about calling children by their names, but they are also not respectful enough to adults, and the word is taken to solve this problem. Therefore, the names of the ancients were mainly used for self-proclaim; The words of the ancients were mainly used for his name.

Of course, this does not mean that the person must be inappropriate in all cases, depending on the mutual status of the parties to the dialogue. Those who are equal to each other should be honored by others by their names without their names, and humbly by their own names without words; The elders can also be called by their names instead of their words, which is more cordial. If the purpose of speaking of names is to divide each other, then the purpose of taking words is to show respect and humility.

This is the basic difference between the function of a name and a word.

Words are independent of the name, but they remain closely related to the name. According to paleography, "characters" have the meaning of breeding. Therefore, we can also understand that the characters of the ancients are derived from their names.

I added again, I saw a classmate with this question today, which is more detailed than my answer, and I posted it below.

In order to maintain their special identity and inheritance relationship, the ancients had to determine their surnames and names. Generally, men have no clan, only female characters have clans, and women have no number. The man has a name and words like Li Bai is called Li Mingbai, the word is too white, and the name is Xian.

To avoid it, you can still take a look at the "Arguments" written by Han Yu, and you will understand more accurately.

The emperor's name should be taboo, generally in some books of the dynasty at that time, it should be omitted, or replaced by another word, and of course civilians should not take these words as names.

Correct] In the first step, this question tests cultural knowledge.

In the second step, in addition to the name, the ancients also had "words", and the ancients had "names" and "characters", and "names" were also called "real names"; The "character" is also called the "table character", which is a name related to the original name in addition to the original name, and the man takes the character when he performs the crown salute at the age of 20, while the woman takes the character when he performs the crown salute at the age of fifteen. There is a difference between the name and the word, the ancients often called themselves their own names to show their humble name Qi Sen Ant, called the word of the person to express the respect for the person, and the other surname Chuncha and the word are also the honorific title of the person.