For the treatment of foreign exchange gains and losses, which are in accordance with the foreign cur

Normally, foreign exchange gains and losses should be processed once a quarter, but nowadays the exchange rate changes relatively quickly, so if a company has a lot of foreign currency business, it is usually processed once a month.

The specific accounting treatment is as follows.

At the time of foreign exchange settlement (foreign currency to RMB).

Borrow bank deposits (RMB, take-home figures).

Borrowing financial expenses (the difference between the borrower and the borrower, if the debit is less than the credit, it is the exchange loss, in blue, if the debit is greater than the credit, it is the exchange gain, in red).

Credit Bank deposit (foreign currency, RMB figure calculated according to the accounting exchange rate) when purchasing foreign exchange. Debit bank deposits (foreign currency, calculated according to the accounting exchange rate) debit financial expenses (the difference between credit and debit, if the debit is greater than the credit, it is the exchange gain, in red, if the debit is less than the credit, it is the exchange loss, in blue).

Credit Bank deposits (RMB, actual payment figures).

When the exchange rate is adjusted at the end of each month, if the exchange rate at the beginning of the month is lower than the exchange rate of the previous period.

Debit finance costs exchange losses.

Credit Bank deposits (in foreign currency).

Debit finance costs exchange losses.

Credit Accounts receivable (foreign currency).

Debit finance costs exchange losses.

Credit Advance payments (in foreign currency).

Debit finance costs exchange gains.

Credit Accounts payable (foreign currency).

Debit finance costs exchange gains.

Credit Advance Accounts Received (Foreign Currency).

What are the treatment methods of foreign exchange gains and losses that comply with the principles of foreign currency accounting standards?

1. Exchange gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions shall be included"Finance Expenses"

2. The exchange gains and losses incurred before the assets reach the intended usable state shall be included in the construction in progress when the fixed assets are purchased and constructed by the enterprise.

3. The exchange gains and losses incurred by the enterprise for the purchase and construction of intangible assets shall be included in the value of the intangible assets.

It refers to the difference in translation caused by the difference between the bank's selling price and the market exchange rate of the day.

The amount of RMB that the enterprise needs to pay to the bank is converted according to the bank's selling price. When the purchased foreign currency is received into the account, the foreign currency account shall not only register the amount of foreign currency received, but also convert it into RMB according to the accounting exchange rate, and the enterprise accounting exchange rate shall be the spot exchange rate at the time of the transaction.

Market exchange rate refers to the buying and selling of foreign exchange on the free market, and the value of the currency depends on the actual exchange rate of supply and demand. In countries with lax foreign exchange regimes, the official exchange rate is often unmarketable, and actual foreign exchange transactions are carried out at market exchange rates. It is the exchange rate at which foreign exchange transactions are carried out in the free foreign exchange market of countries with loose foreign exchange control.

The market exchange rate refers to the actual exchange rate at which foreign exchange is bought and sold on a free foreign exchange market. In countries with lax foreign exchange controls, the officially declared exchange rate often acts only as the central exchange rate, while actual foreign exchange transactions are conducted at market rates. It is the actual exchange rate at which foreign exchange is freely bought and sold in the foreign exchange market.

However, the monetary and financial authorities of various countries do not adopt a completely laissez-faire policy on the dynamics of market exchange rates, but use various means to intervene so that they do not deviate from the official exchange rate.

In the foreign exchange market, it is the market exchange rate, which fluctuates freely according to changes in supply and demand, that really works, while the official exchange rate often acts only as a central exchange rate. However, the monetary and financial authorities of various countries do not adopt a completely laissez-faire policy on the dynamics of market exchange rates, but use various means to intervene so that they do not deviate from the official exchange rate. In countries with less stringent foreign exchange controls, foreign exchange transactions are generally conducted at market exchange rates; In countries with stricter exchange controls, black market exchange rates are often higher than official rates.

The market exchange rate can be divided into two types, one is the spot exchange rate, which is the exchange rate used for spot transactions, and the forward exchange rate is the exchange rate used for forward transactions. As with any other commodity or asset in the free market, supply and demand together determine the exchange rate. In order to analyze how the exchange rate is determined, it is necessary to first understand the knowledge of long-term exchange rate determination, and then understand the short-term exchange rate determination mechanism.

The conversion of RMB into foreign currency by enterprise B is converted from the foreign currency of the bank, and the bank sells the foreign currency, and the selling price is executed, and the amount of RMB that the foreign currency of the enterprise needs to pay to the bank is converted according to the selling price of the bank. When receiving the purchased foreign currency into the account, the foreign currency account should not only register the amount of foreign currency received, but also convert it into RMB according to the accounting exchange rate, and the enterprise accounting exchange rate adopts the spot exchange rate at the time of the business, so B should be selected

Transaction Exchange Gains and Losses:

In the event of a foreign currency-denominated transaction, the exchange gain or loss arising from the recovery or repayment of claims and debts is called "foreign currency exchange gain or loss".

Exchange gains and losses:

The exchange gain or loss that occurs when a foreign currency is exchanged with the base currency of the book, or when one foreign currency is exchanged with another foreign currency, is called "exchange gain or loss on foreign currency".

Adjustment of foreign currency exchange gains and losses

Under the current exchange rate system, the exchange gains and losses arising from the adjustment of all foreign currency creditor's rights, debts and foreign currency fund accounts at the socially accepted exchange rate at the end of the accounting period at the end of the accounting period are called "adjusted foreign currency exchange gains and losses".

Foreign Currency Translation Gains and Losses:

At the end of the accounting period, the amount of the foreign currency unit of measurement is converted into the amount of the spine seller of the unit of measurement of the base currency of accounting, and the exchange profit and loss generated in the process of consolidating the accounting statements or revising the accounting records and recompiling the accounting statements is called "foreign currency exchange gain or loss".

When a foreign currency transaction occurs, the amount of the foreign currency shall be converted into the base currency of the account at the accounting exchange rate, and the amount of the foreign currency account shall be double-registered. If the foreign currency capital investment is received, it shall be converted at the spot exchange rate on the date of the transaction, and the approximate exchange rate of the contract and the spot exchange rate shall not be used.

At the end of the period, the current exchange rate at the end of the period shall be used to adjust all foreign currency accounts (foreign currency monetary items), and the exchange gains and losses shall be recognized.

How to deal with foreign exchange gains and losses:One is to include the exchange gains and losses in the current accounting statements for immediate recognition, and the loss and increase are deferred according to various rules.

For"Exchange gains and losses on cleared transactions", which shall be included in the profit and loss statement of the current period of liquidation, affecting the profit and loss of the current period; While"Exchange gains and losses on uncleared transactions"items, which should be deferred until they occur, i.e., until the actual liquidation of the transaction, are then included in the income statement.

In short, for trading gains and losses, only when the actual laughter occurs will it have an impact on the taxable income of the enterprise, which should be included in the profit and loss statement. In addition, certain exchange gains and losses relating to the acquisition of long-term assets or the creation of long-term liabilities, if they are large, should be amortized over the useful life of the long-term assets or the useful life of the long-term debt.

Since the translation profit or loss does not involve different accounting periods, there is no question of whether it is deferred or not.

When the proceeds are exchanged, they are debited"Bank deposits"and other accounts, credited"Finance Expenses"Subjects.

Answer] :d the exchange difference arising from options A and B is included in the financial expense, and the exchange difference arising from option C is calculated at fair value and guesses the change profit or loss, and the above three items affect the current profit or loss; The exchange difference arising from option D is included in other comprehensive income and does not affect the profit or loss for the current period.

Correct] Answer. Analysis: The exchange difference formed by the foreign currency monetary financial assets shall be included in the profit or loss for the current period.

The interest income of financial assets available for the first time calculated by the effective interest rate method shall be included in the profit or loss for the current period; The cash dividends available for the investment of ** equity instruments shall be included in the profit or loss for the current period when the investee declares the payment of dividends.

Answer] :d select Oak World item A, which is included in the financial expenses; Option B, which includes gains and losses on changes in fair value; Option C, which includes finance costs; Option D is included in the owner's equity (other comprehensive income of Liang Xiangqi).