The principle of chemical equilibrium equilibrium

Chemical equivalent equilibrium: refers to two or more equilibriums with different initial addition amounts under certain conditions, but when reaching the same percentage of each composition when reaching Pinghui Heheng. According to the relationship between the reaction conditions and the sum of the gas metering numbers in the reaction equation, the equivalent equilibrium can be divided into three pre-slow situations

1. When the temperature and volume are constant, the sum of the gas metering numbers is not equal. If the equilibrium is equivalent, it must be exactly equivalent, i.e. the initial amount added is exactly the same after the conversion, and the equilibrium is equivalent.

2. When the temperature and volume are constant, the sum of the gas metering numbers is equal. If the equilibrium is equivalent, it is proportional equivalent, i.e., the initial added amount is in equal proportional relationship.

3. At constant temperature and pressure, regardless of whether the sum of the gas metering numbers is equal or not, it is "proportional equivalence".

These two are quite different.

Chemical equilibrium refers to the fact that in a reversible reaction, when the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the reverse reaction are equal, the reaction reaches dynamic equilibrium, which is called chemical equilibrium.

Equivalent equilibrium is that under certain conditions (isothermal isochormicity or isothermal isobaric), after the same reversible reaction with different initial addition conditions reaches equilibrium, the mass fraction (or volume fraction) of any same component is the same, and such equilibrium is equivalent to each other.

The establishment of the same equilibrium or similar equilibrium is related to external conditions, one is constant temperature and constant capacity, and the other is constant temperature and constant pressure. To put it simply, an action (generally divided into coefficients with the same or different coefficients) under specific conditions achieves a consistent equilibrium state.

If you talk about the question type.

Chemical equilibrium is mostly a trend or graph problem by changing the conditions, or an equivalent equilibrium is given to the equation for the rate, and then the result is asked for the change condition, or vice versa.

(1)n2 + 3h2 <==>2nh3

2) The chemical equilibrium formed by 1molN2 + 3molH2 is equivalent to the equilibrium formed by 2molNH3!

3) The difference between chemical equilibrium and equivalent equilibrium--- the starting state is different!

4) The equilibrium state of chemical equilibrium is exactly the same as that of equivalent equilibrium!

Equivalence equilibrium question: There are 2 kinds of equivalence 1, and the substances added are exactly the same, which is called total equivalence.

2. When the sum of the coefficients of the two sides is equal, as long as the addition reaches the same proportion, the equivalent equilibrium can be achieved, but only the proportion is equal. It is called proportional equivalence.

The proportion of question (1) on question is proportional equivalence. Compared with 2 above, the coefficients on both sides need to be equal, so x=4

Question (2) requires pressure, etc., and wants to be fully equivalent, and the substances that need to be added are exactly the same. To be calculated:

You need to convert c to a,b

3a(g) +b(g) = xc(g)

Before the reaction, c is converted to a, b +3* +1*x 0

The total amount of 0 is to achieve an equivalent equilibrium, and the same substances are added:

So, it is calculated: x=1

This is equivalent to 3mola, 1molb

After the guidance of a master:

Because the pressure is the same as the original after the reaction, it is still 3mola, 1molb, so x=1