How are small black holes formed? How are black holes formed?

At Europe's Hadron Collider, scientists are preparing an experiment to accelerate particles to near the speed of light and collide with each other, producing a small black hole in matter and energy that disappears in a matter of microseconds. This is the smallest black hole in the universe.

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Analysis: Black holes.

black hole

A celestial body predicted by the general theory of relativity. A star with a mass more than 8 times larger than the Sun is generally left behind by a supernova explosion.

Two or three solar-mass nuclei will have no force to stop it from continuing to collapse. When its radius is less than the gravitational radius Rg 2gm C2 (g is the gravitational constant, c is the speed of light, and m is the mass of the celestial body), no matter or high-call radiation can escape and become a black hole. The properties of a black hole are characterized by three parameters, namely the mass m, the angular momentum j, and the charge q.

When j q 0, it is a spherically symmetric Schwarzschild black hole; When q 0, it is an axisymmetric Kerr black hole. The nature of black holes makes it difficult to detect them. If the gas falling towards the black hole has a large angular momentum, it should rotate around the black hole in orbit, forming a gas disk.

Thermal energy is generated by the friction between adjacent layers in the gas disk due to the viscosity of the gas, and theoretical calculations show that the gas disk should have a very high temperature and produce radiation in the X-ray band. On the other hand, the mass of the black hole should be greater than the upper limit of the mass of the neutron star Qi Xikai, and it is the binary star system that can accurately determine the mass. Therefore, the most promising ones to find black holes are massive X-ray binary stars, especially Cygnid X-1.

This is an X-ray variable source that has an optical counterpart from the spectrum of this magnitude 9 supergiant that derives periodic changes in radial velocity, suggesting the existence of an invisible companion star. It is further calculated that its mass is greater than 4 solar masses, most likely 8 solar masses, which is greater than the upper limit of neutron stars 2 3 solar masses; Another promising black hole candidate is the Large Magellanic Cloud X-3, which is also an X-ray binary star in which the mass of the invisible object is also 8 solar mass.

Basic features:

In 1967, physicist John A. Wheeler first used the term "black hole", the name of a space and time region that has a gravitational pull so large that even a quantum of light cannot "escape" its limits. Its magnitude is determined by the gravitational radius, and the boundary of action is called the event horizon.

Shape features. Ideally, as long as a black hole is isolated, then it is an absolutely dark space. None of us know what black holes are, only that they may exist, but they are absolutely invisible. According to scientists, it is possible to determine its existence only by emitting light in the event horizon area.

This is the case for two reasons:

1) The black hole creates an image of a cloud of gas and dust, and the density inside is increasing. (2) Through the light quantum near the black hole, its trajectory is changed. Sometimes this distortion is so great that the light bends around it up to several times before it enters the interior.

According to astronomers, the star is shaped, and it looks like a crescent. This is because the side facing the observer always looks brighter than the other due to special spatial reasons. The black circle in the middle of the "crescent" is a black hole.

Black holes appear. There are two scenarios that can lead to the appearance of a black hole, namely: a, compressing a massive star; b, compress the center of the galaxy or its gases. Of course, there are also hypotheses that they were formed after the universe was large, or that they were produced by the presence of a large amount of energy in a nuclear reaction.

Types of black holes. There are several main types: supermassive ones, usually located in the center of galaxies; primary, assuming that when they are formed in the universe, there will be a large deviation in the uniformity of the gravitational field and density; The quantum hypothesis takes place in nuclear reactions and has a microscopic dimension.

Black holes don't live forever.

According to SHawking's hypothesis is that black holes will gradually "lose weight", leaving only elementary particles behind.

There is an assumption that a black hole has an opposite object, namely: a white hole. According to the theory, a white hole will appear and disintegrate in a short period of time, releasing energy and matter.

Scientists believe that in this way a specific "tunnel" is created, and with the help of which you can move a great distance.

As can be seen in the conclusion, for the understanding of black holes, we only know that they may exist, but they are in **? What's inside them? It's not clear.

A black hole is a star whose mass reaches a certain value after reaching the limit of its lifetime, it collapses on its own, how to say it, the star is because a nebula is affected by gravity, and keeps gathering together, when because of gravity, more and more material is gathered, the internal pressure and temperature continue to increase, and nuclear fusion occurs in its center to produce outward radiation pressure, this outward radiation pressure and inward gravity reach equilibrium to form a star, when the fusion inside the star stops, the life of the star stops, At this time, because the star only has an inward gravitational force, the star will collapse, and when it collapses to the interior, because a strong collision will produce a strong reaction force, and then form **, which is a supernova explosion, and a core debris will be left behind after the supernova explosion, which may form a neutron star or a black hole according to the size of its own mass. This is how black holes are formed, and the material that erupts after a supernova explosion will form new matter, become a new planet, and so on. I hit it all by hand and hope that I would adopt it.