The meaning and usage of zhi in ancient texts

Add audio track 275722 +1080 The usage and meaning of "之" Wu Yaqi.

"The meaning of classical Chinese is: to, to; third-person pronouns, translated as "he" (they), "it" (they); demonstrative pronouns, this; Make use of the first person, I; Structural particle, equivalent to "of".

The word "zhi" is the most common Chinese character in classical Chinese, and the meaning is different in different sentences, the following is an example of the character "zhi" appearing in classical Chinese, 1. "Move" to ......Go. "For Learning": "The South China Sea of My Desire." ”

2. "Dai" is an indicator pronoun, equivalent to "this", "this", "this", etc. "Lian Po Lin Xiangru Biography": "The two strategies of the equal, rather negative Qin song." ”

3. The third-person pronoun of "generation" is equivalent to "he", "it", "they", "they", etc. "On Accumulation and Sparseness": "There is a time to be born and used excessively." "Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan": "Love Uncle Duan, I want to stand up." ”

4. "Dai" refers to the speaker himself or the other party of the obedient person. "The Snake Catcher Says": "Will the king be born in mourning? ”

5. The second-person pronoun of "Generation" is equivalent to "you" and "you". Hanshu. Kuaitong Biography": "Stealing Min Gongzhi is about to die, so hang him." ”

6. "Help" is used between the definite and the central word to indicate the relationship between modification and subordination, which is equivalent to "of". "Shao Gong admonishes the king to slander": "The mouth of the people is more important than the defense of Sichuan." ”

7. "Help" is used between the subject and the verb, canceling the independence of the sentence, and generally does not need to be translated. "The teacher said": "The way of the teacher has not been passed on for a long time. ”

8. The sign after the definite sentence of "help". "Persuasion": "Worms have no benefits for claws." ”

9. The sign of the complement of "Help". Used between the central word (verb, adjective) and the complement, it can be translated as "de". "The Snake Catcher Says": "If you don't get back to me, it's even more unfortunate." ”

10. "Help" is preceded by an object. "The Teacher Said": "I don't know if I read the sentence." ”

11. "Help" is used after the adverb to indicate time, to fill in the syllables, and has no real meaning. "The Battle of Red Cliffs": "In an instant, the smoke is in the sky." ”

12. "Help" is used between words such as "before", "after", "inside", "outside" and their modifiers to indicate the restriction of position, time, scope, etc. "Teaching War and Defending Strategies": "Decades later, the first soldier is cranked. ”

The meaning of the word refers to 1Particle, indicating possession, affiliation: pure heart.

2.Particle, indicating the modification relationship: delaying the war.

Uninvited. Don't go against the grain. 3.

It is used between subject-verb structures to make it a sentence component. 4.Pronouns, in place of people or things:

Outside the degree. and so on. 5.

Pronouns, this, that: "Two worms, how do you know". 6.

Useless, non-referential: over time. 7.

To, to: "I want the South China Sea".

Zhi, pronounced as zhī, has the following meanings in ancient times: 1. Used as a preposition, it means: of, bottom.

1. Implementation and progress. For example:

The road is also a trip to the world, the world is for the public, the selection of talents and abilities, and the cultivation of faith and harmony. —The Book of Rites

2. Out, give birth, grow. For example:

The branches and stems are bigger, and there are some things. - Sayings

Translation: The stems grow and grow in height.

3. Go, to, go. For example:

What is the South China Sea I want? - Qing Peng Duanshu, "To learn a song to show the nephew".

Translation: I'm going to the South China Sea, what do you think?

4. Indicating people or things is equivalent to "this" and "that". For example:

The tiger is happy, and the plan is said. (This, referring to the above-mentioned situation where the donkey can only kick when he gets angry.) —Don Yanagi Sowon.

Translation: The tiger rejoiced and considered the matter.

5. Refers to the name of a person or thing, equivalent to him, she, it, and them. For example:

Zheng businessman Xian Gao will be in Zhou, meet it. - Zuo Chuan: The Thirty-second Year of the Duke of Xu

Translation: A merchant named Xiangao of Zheng was about to go to the territory of the Zhou Dynasty to do business, and met them (the troops of the Qin State) on the way.

6. Demonstrative pronouns, equivalent to "their", "his", "other". For example:

The king ordered him to be pushed to the court and beheaded his mother. - King Wu's Words of Peace

Translation: The king ordered him to be put on the court and beheaded his old mother.

7. It is used between subject-verb structures to cancel the independence of sentences, which has no practical significance. For example:

I see the teacher coming out, but I don't see him entering. - Zuo Chuan: The Thirty-second Year of the Duke of Xu

Translation: I saw the army go out of the city, but I did not see the army coming back.

The structure of the sentence must be clear to you, no matter how long the sentence is, it is nothing more than the structure of "definite, subject, form, predicate, complement, definite, object", of course, some sentences omit the content of the department inside. You should understand this.

Most of the ancient texts are explained as "of", such as: five-acre house, which means five-acre house.

In addition, it is to be used as a particle to indicate possession and affiliation, such as: pure heart.

It is used between subject-verb structures to make it a sentence component, such as: "The road is also good, and the world is public".

Pronouns, in place of people or things, such as: outside the degree. and so on. Pronouns, this, that: "Two worms, how do you know".

Virtual, non-referential, such as: for a long time.

The verb to, to, as in: "I want the South China Sea".

This is the subject-verb structure between the subject-verb structure, which makes it a sentence component, so it is a subject-verb structure.

The meaning of this in classical Chinese is ......Go. This, this; they, they; refers to the speaker himself or the listener's other party; It is used between the subject and the verb to cancel the independence of the sentence; Signs placed after the definite sentence, etc. ”

There are several interpretations in ancient texts:

1.to....For example: Hainan of my desire.

2.Used as a pronoun. This, this, they, they, refer to the speaker himself or the other party of the listener3It is used between the subject and the verb, canceling the independence of the sentence, and the sign of postposition of the definite. For example: the road is also a trip to the world.

4.As an auxiliary word to indicate a modifying relationship. For example, the strategy of delaying the army, the uninvited guest 5Used as a virtual word, without referring to e.g. over time.

There are several interpretations, one is a pronoun, which refers to the people and things referred to in the context. Or as a verb object, which refers to something that is not in a certain place as an intermediate preposition. There is also a possessive person, who is his, yours and mine. Most of them are used to abbreviate the place of affairs referred to above.

In ancient Chinese, "zhi" has the meaning of connecting sentences or mood particles.

There are many meanings, such as conjunction, or modal words, or pronouns.

All usages of "of:1The word "zhi" is used as a demonstrative pronoun.

Such as: What about the two insects? "Zhi" means "this", which means "how do these two fish know the way of the pants?"

It's my teacher, if so, how can I destroy it? "Hu Rangmuzhi" means "this", which means "(he) is my teacher, how can (I) slip like this."

Hello, Hello!

"zhi" has many meanings in ancient texts, and the general interpretation is as follows:

1.pronouns, third-person pronouns "he (she), they", and in rare cases also first-person "I (we)";

For example, the Ji family is rich in Zhou Gong, and he seeks to gather and benefit from it. The Analects

And the son won lightly, abandoned it and surrendered to Qin, and did he not pity the son's sister? (of: I) "Xinling Jun Steals Talismans to Save Zhao".

the possessive pronoun "it (them)", or "one thing, several things, this (that) thing";

Such as: green, taken from the blue and green in the blue. "Persuasion".

Que Qin is in favor of Jin, but the king wants it. "Candle Warrior Retreats from Qin Division".

demonstrative pronouns, which mean "this, this, these, that, that";

Such as: What about the two insects? "Getaway".

2.Particle, 1) Structural particle, "of", is used between the definite and the central language, indicating the relationship between people and objects or the surrounding environment (neighboring relationship), constituting a noun partial structure;

For example, if this number is used, the trouble of using soldiers is also. "The Battle of Red Cliffs".

Meaningless, used between the subject and the predicate, indicates the cancellation of the independence of the sentence, so that the original subject-verb structure becomes a noun-biased structure;

For example: if you don't want to give, you will suffer from the coming of the Qin soldiers. "Lian Po Lin Xiangru Biography".

meaningless, used between the inverted definite and the central word, indicating the sign of the postposition of the definite, constituting an inverted sentence;

For example, the worm has no claws and teeth, and the muscles and bones are strong. "Persuasion".

meaningless, used between an inverted predicate verb and an object, indicating the sign of the object preposition, constituting an inverted sentence;

Such as: Fu Jin, why hate it? "Candle Warrior Retreats from Qin Division".

It can be translated as "de", which is used to indicate a modifying relationship between a predicate verb and a complement (generally a verb, adjective or adverb);

Such as: with the depth of its thinking, it is also omnipresent. "The Story of Wandering Bao Zen Mountain".

2) syllabic particles, meaningless, used after verbs, to indicate the prolongation of sounds, the addition of syllables;

For example, fill the drum, the blade is connected, abandon the armor and drag the soldier away. "The Widow to the Country".

meaningless, used after the word time, to indicate the extension of time, soothing tone;

Such as: for a long time, can distinguish people by the sound of feet. "Xiang Zhixuan Zhi";

3.Verb, to, to, to, to, multiply.

Such as: What is the South China Sea that I want? "For Learning".

Usage: (1) Used as a pronoun, it is further divided into several situations:

1 It can be substituted for people, things, and things. Most of the generations are in the third person, translated as "he" (they), "it" (them), as an object or conjunctive, not as a subject.

2 Demonstrative pronouns, close to the referent. It can be translated as "this", and is usually used as a compound referential determinative.

3 Used in the first person or second person, it is equivalent to "I" and "you".

2) Used as a particle, it is also divided into several situations:

1 Structural particles, signs of definite sentences. It is used between a definite and a central (noun).

It can be translated as "of", and some can not be translated.

2 Structural particles, signs of complements. It is used between the central language (verb, adjective) and the complement. It can be translated as "de".

3 Structural particles, signs preceded by objects. It is used after the object that is preceded and before the verb predicate or preposition, and should be omitted in translation.

4 Structural particles. When the subject-verb phrase is used as a subject, object or a clause in a sentence, "zhi" is used between the subject and the predicate, which plays the role of canceling the independence of the sentence and can not be translated. Translation can also be omitted.

5 syllabic particles. It is used at the end of an adjective, adverb or some verb, or between three words, so that it makes up four words, and only plays the role of adjusting the syllables, which is meaningless and should be omitted when translating.

6 It is used as an adverbial sentence in the clause between expressions, often echoing the word "also", which is equivalent to "·· time".

Meaning: 1 to··· Go.

2 Third-person pronouns. Him, she, them.

3 demonstrative pronouns. This, this.

4 It is equivalent to the particle "of" in modern Chinese, which is placed between the definite and the central language.

1.Pronoun.

The third-person pronoun "he", "they", and in rare cases, the first-person "I".

For example, the Ji family is rich in Zhou Gong, and he seeks to gather and benefit from it. The Analects

And the son won lightly, abandoned it and surrendered to Qin, and did he not pity the son's sister? (of: I) "Xinling Jun Steals Talismans to Save Zhao".

the possessive pronoun "it (them)", or "one thing, several things, this (that) thing";

Such as: green, taken from the blue and green in the blue. "Persuasion".

Que Qin is in favor of Jin, but the king wants it. "Candle Warrior Retreats from Qin Division".

demonstrative pronouns, which mean "this, this, these, that, that";

Such as: What about the two insects? "Getaway".

2.Particle. "of" is used between the definite and the central language, indicating the relationship between people and objects or the surrounding environment (neighbor relationship), constituting a noun partial structure;

For example, if this number is used, the trouble of using soldiers is also. "The Battle of Red Cliffs".

Meaningless, used between the subject and the predicate, indicates the cancellation of the independence of the sentence, so that the original subject-verb structure becomes a noun-biased structure;

For example: if you don't want to give, you will suffer from the coming of the Qin soldiers. "Lian Po Lin Xiangru Biography".

meaningless, used between the inverted definite and the central word, indicating the sign of the postposition of the definite, constituting an inverted sentence;

For example, the worm has no claws and teeth, and the muscles and bones are strong. "Persuasion".

3.Guwen refers to the words on ancient books in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and before. Xu Shen said in "Shuowen Interpretation of Words: Narrative": "Zhou Taishi wrote fifteen chapters of the Great Seal, which may be different from the ancient texts. "Comparing the ancient text with the Great Seal, it is said that the ancient text is the general name of the writing before the Shi Dynasty.