What are the 7 examples of usage in ancient texts

It. 1. Pronouns: substitutes, substitutes, substitutes.

For example, if you want to repay it to Your Majesty, you will also know that the first emperor will be able to say that the meat eater will seek it and take advantage of the name of the person who will be the one who will attack it and not win the world.

2. Particles: 1) It is equivalent to the "of" in modern Chinese (this category is the most): for example, the things in the palace stop at the height of the poor mountain by hurting the first emperor's wisdom and the height of the poor mountain, and then know that it is the peculiarity of the mountain Its high and low momentum The four times of the mountains are also the joy of the mountains and rivers The joy of feasting and not knowing the joy of people The city of three miles is not the danger of the mountain stream The feeling of reading things is to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent people This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower The description of the predecessors is also prepared.

2) It is used between the main predicate groups to cancel the independence of the sentence: for example, the new opening of the mirror and the cold light are out of the study of people, and they do not know the day.

3) Supplementary syllables (there are few in this category): For example, the general drums are hated for a long time.

3. Verbs (very few in this type of junior high school textbook).

Such as: on the ridge of dropping out of farming, and next to Wu Guangzhi's time.

4. The role of grammar (this category involves grammar and grammar, and junior high school students are not required to master it): For example, if there is a high place in the temple, the people are worried about the sin.

It. 1 as a verb, which can be translated as "to, to, go". For example, in "Hongmen Banquet", "Xiang Bo is the Pei Gongjun who gallops at night", and "zhi" is used in front of the noun "Pei Gongjun" as a verb.

2 Structural particle "of". For example, in "Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong", "the service of the hundred divisions". 3 The sign preceded by the object (not translated).

For example, in "Candle Wu Retreats from Qin Division", "Fu Jin, why is he tired", here "He is tired" is the object of "have", in advance. This sentence can be translated as "What is the (possibility) of satisfying the Jin Kingdom?" 4 The sign that follows the definite sentence (not translated).

For example, in "Persuasion", "the worm has no claws and teeth, and the muscles and bones are strong". 5 Used between subject and verb, cancel sentence independence (not translated). For example, in "Words of Return", "when all things are good, I feel the rest of my life", here the two "zhi" are used between the main predicate group, indicating that this phrase cannot be formed into a separate sentence.

This sentence can be translated as "(I) envy the time when all living things are revived, and lament that my years are coming to an end." 6 As a pronoun A generation, such as "the ancestor caresses very thickly" in "Xiang Zhi Xuan Zhi", "zhi" can be translated as "she", on behalf of the old woman. b Substitute things, such as "if you don't Qu Qin, you will take it" in "Candle Wu Retreats from Qin", and "Zhi" replaces "land".

c Substitute affairs, such as "Talking with the Sitting and Asking" in "Zou Ji Satire on the King of Qi's Admonition", "Zhi" Generation" and Xu Gong are beautiful. d Demonstrative pronouns, such as "those who are not as good as the widows' intentions" in "The Widow in the Country", "zhi" can be translated as "this", so that "refers to the above "Hanoi murderous ......The same is true". "It's not as good as Chang'an Jun" "Touching the Dragon and Saying the Empress Dowager Zhao", "of" is translated as "like that".

1) Used as a pronoun, it is further divided into several cases:

1 It can be substituted for people, things, and things. Most of the generations are in the third person, translated as "he" (they) and "it" (they), as an object or conjunct, not as a subject.

2 Demonstrative pronouns, close to the referent. It can be translated as "this", and is usually used as a compound referential determinative.

3 Used in the first person or second person, it is equivalent to "I" and "you".

2) Used as a particle, it is also divided into several situations:

1 Structural particles, signs of definite sentences. It is used between the definite and the central language (noun), which can be translated as "of", and some can not be translated.

2 Structural particles, signs of complements. It is used between the central language (verb, adjective) and the complement. It can be translated as "de".

3 Structural particles, signs preceded by objects. It is used after the object that is preceded and before the verb predicate or preposition, and should be omitted in translation.

4 Structural particles. When the subject-verb phrase is used as a subject, object or a clause in a sentence, "zhi" is used between the subject and the predicate, which plays the role of canceling the independence of the sentence and can not be translated. Translation can also be omitted.

5 syllabic particles. It is used at the end of an adjective, an adverb or some verb, or between three words, so that it makes up four words, which only plays the role of adjusting the syllables, and has no meaning, and should be omitted when translating.

6 It is used as an adverbial sentence in the clause between expressions, often echoing the word "also", which is equivalent to "·· time".

Meaning: 1 to··· Go.

2 Third-person pronouns. Him, she, them.

3 demonstrative pronouns. This, this.

4 It is equivalent to the particle "的" in modern Chinese, which is placed between the definite and the central language.

1. Conjunctions. 1.Indicates a juxtaposition.

The wild of Yongzhou produces different snakes, black and white. - Don S. "The Snake Catcher Says".

2.Represents a progressive relationship.

The gentleman is erudite and self-conscious. ——Xunzi Persuasion".

3.Indicates the inheritance relationship.

Yu Fang's heart was moved to return, and the loud voice was on the water. - Song S. Su Shi's "The Story of Shizhong Mountain".

4.Indicates a transition relationship.

Green is taken from blue, and green is blue. ——Xunzi Persuasion".

5.Represents a hypothetical relationship.

Princes and (if) they will; Zhan Yu Ma Shou Ke also. ——Qing · Xu Ke, "Qing Barnyard Banknotes, War Class".

6.Indicates a modified relationship, connecting adverbials.

I rose up. - Don S. "The Snake Catcher Says".

2. Pronouns. 1.You; Yours.

And Weng Gui, since and you recalculate the ear. ——Talking about Zhai Zhiwei and Promoting Weaving".

2.In this way, this [this].

is also persecuted, and so are the kings and concubines. ——Yutai New Songs: Ancient Poems for Jiao Zhongqing's Wife".

3. Verbs. Such as, likely. More than 1,000 people drowned, and the army was frightened and ruined. ——Lü's Spring and Autumn Survey of the Present

Verbs, the original meaning, out, in, develop. Example sentence: The journey of the avenue is also, the world is for the public, the selection of talents and abilities, and the belief and harmony.

Translation of the Book of Rites: When the Great Dao was carried out, the world was shared by all the people, and the virtuous and talented people were elected, and (everyone) emphasized honesty and advocated harmony.

verb, to, to, go. Example sentence: The South China Sea of My Desire, How Ru - Translation of "For Learning":

I want to go to the South China Sea, how? Particles, which indicate the intersection of the past and the back, can often be translated. Example sentence:

The One Who Travels a Thousand Miles of Horses. Translation of Tang Dynasty literature Han Yu's "Horse Says": A horse that can travel thousands of miles a day.

The usage of ancient texts: verbs, original meanings, out, in, and develop; Particles, which indicate the intersection of the past and the back, can often be translated. pronouns, he, she, it(s); as a sign of object preposition (inverted sentence); It is used to fill in syllables at the end of the sentence, and has no real meaning; It is used in a sentence (often between the subject and the predicate), cancels the independence of the sentence, and does not translate.

Basic Definition: "Sayings" is also out. Like a bow that is too big, the branches and stems are bigger, and there is something.

One, the earth. 』。Out of "Sayings" into also.

Like the tree is good, and it is also up to the top. 』。Zheng Xun:

The elephant grass passes through the first grass, and the branches and stems increase in size. The word is horizontal and indicates the main body. of the part derived and proliferated.

Conforms to the oracle bone gold glyphs.

Zhi, "Kangxi Dictionary" and "Hao Jing Reading Books" all those who say it, things have a reference, things have belonging, places have past, and even the words of belonging. 』。Zheng Xun:

Going out. Where the earth goes, so does space. Whoever says something, things have their own genus, things have their masters, the land has something, and even the value of the belonging.

Note: Whoever speaks can be trained, and whoever says what he says. Where, often.

Verses with zigzag:

The drunkard's intention is not in the wine, the worries of the world first, the joy of the world after the world, the gentleman's friendship is as light as water, choose its good and from it, the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky, and the rest of the heart is good, and the bad ones are changed, then the cultivation of Wende, between the mountains and rivers, ordered between the dangers, the people of a city are crazy, I want to be because of the dream outline, the Miao descendants of the emperor Gaoyang, and within the Xiao wall, the evening meal autumn chrysanthemum falls Ying, its wings are like the clouds of the sky, people are not born to know, the first king's way is beautiful, yesterday's day can not stay, Death between the stables is enough to be extremely audio-visual entertainment, enough to be extremely audio-visual entertainment, Yongzhou's wild snakes, Shen Zhi is the righteousness of filial piety, and Shen Zhi is the righteousness of filial piety.

The usage of 之 is divided into three types according to the parts of speech, as follows:

There are four main types of use when used as a particle:

1. Structural particles. It is equivalent to the modern Chinese "of", which is placed between the definite and the central language as a sign of the definite language. Its format is: definite + of + center.

2. Used between the subject and the verb, the independence of the sentence is canceled, and the original subject-predicate becomes a component of the sentence or a compound sentence. It doesn't have to be translated. Its format is: subject + of + predicate.

3. It is used after intransitive verbs, adjectives or adverbs of time to coordinate syllables and soothe the silver limbs. It doesn't have to be translated.

4. The object is pre-marked. It usually appears in interrogative sentences, and when the interrogative pronoun is used as an object, it is placed before the verb predicate. Its format is: object + zhi + predicate.

5. The posterior sign of the definite sentence. In order to emphasize the adjective, the definite is often placed after the central sentence.

When used as pronouns, there are two types of usage:

1. Personal pronouns, equivalent to modern Chinese "I", "they", "they", "it", "they".

2. Demonstrative pronouns, equivalent to modern Chinese "this", "this", "this......thing", "that", "that kind of sharp world", etc.

It is used as a verb to close and annihilate, which is equivalent to "to", "to", and "go".

Hypothetical words include pronouns, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, and 18 common hypothetical words. Generally, words that are not used as sentence components and do not express real meaning. The main hail action is the combination of linguistic units.

Basic word meaning: particle, indicating possession, affiliation: the heart of the source of the child.

Particle, which indicates the modification relationship: Delay the army. Uninvited guests.

Don't go against the grain. It is used between the subject-verb structure to make it a sentence component: "The road is dusty, and the world is public".

Pronouns, in place of people or things: put aside one degree. and so on. Pronouns, this, that: "two insects, how do you know" 5 is used virtually, without referring to: for a long time . To, to: "I want the South China Sea".