How to break a large object into an ionic state

Discharge it in a vacuum! Ultra-high temperatures can be generated! Close to 100,000 degrees Celsius!

Because the air in the salt is replaced by water due to moisture, the salt dissolves in the water, and when the water is lost, the original salt becomes a lump. This is crystallization.

Salts refer to a class of compounds in which metal ions or ammonium ions (NH4+) are combined with acid ions or non-metal ions. Such as sodium chloride, calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and ammonium acetate, etc., such as calcium sulfate, copper chloride, sodium acetate, generally speaking, salt is the product of metathesis reaction, salt and salt reaction to form new salt and new salt, salt and alkali reaction to form new salt and new alkali, salt and acid reaction to form new salt and new acid, such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide to produce sodium sulfate and water, sodium chloride and silver nitrate reaction to form silver chloride and sodium nitrate, etc. There are also other reactions that can produce salts, such as displacement reactions.

The solution of soluble salts is conductive because there are ions that swim freely in the solution, so they can be used as electrolytes. Hydrochloric acid is not only an important product of salt chemical industry, but also an important raw material for the production of silicon materials. It is a type of crystal.

Add a little water and dry it to form lumps.

Soak in a small amount of water before air drying.

Put some water in the salt and when it dries, it will clump ......

When the salt is wet, it will form a large lump.

That's why you're not whole, it's too partial. The light and shadow of the whole picture and the space must be distributed before depiction.

Ionic compounds can be judged based on whether they are ionized in the molten state or not.

Because ionic compounds are strong electrolytes. Ionic compounds are inherently made of ions, and there are no molecules in ionic compounds. Ionic compounds, whether dissolved in water or in the molten state, exist in the form of ions without molecules.

That is, after ionic compounds are dissolved in water or melted by heat, they are completely ionized into free-moving ions. Whereas, weak bases are weak electrolytes, and weak electrolytes are all covalent compounds. Covalent compounds are made up of molecules, and covalent compounds can only be ionized when dissolved in water, and exist in a molten state in molecular form without ionization.

The comparison of the size of the ionic radius is similar to that of the atomic radius, so the method of basal limb delay is universal. The common methods are summarized as follows:

1) When the number of electron layers is different, the more electron layers, the larger the radius. For example, k+ and na+, k and na

2) When the number of electron layers is the same, the larger the number of nuclear charges, the smaller the radius. For example, Na+ and Al3+, Na and Al

3) The electron configuration outside the nucleus is the same as that of anion and cation, and the radius of cation is smaller than that of anion. For example, cl->k+

4) Comparison of atoms and ions of the same element: cations, atoms, anions, e.g. Na+

(1) For particles of the same element, the greater the number of electrons, the larger the radius. Such as sodium atom "sodium ion", chlorine atom "chloride ion, ferrous ion" iron ion;

2) The particles of the element in the same period, the anion radius is greater than the cation radius. Such as oxygen ions, lithium ions;

3) The same kind of ions are compared to the atomic radius. Such as sodium ions, magnesium ions, aluminum ions, fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromine ions;

4) Ions (single nuclei) with the same electron shell structure, the smaller the number of nuclear charges, the larger the radius. Such as oxygen ions, fluoride ions, sodium ions, magnesium ions, aluminum ions, sulfur ions, chloride ions, potassium ions, calcium ions;

5) The cationic radius of the same element** is smaller than the low-valent cation radius and smaller than the atomic radius of the metal. For example, copper ions, cuprous ions, copper atoms, negative divalent sulfur, sulfur atoms, tetravalent sulfur, and hexavalent sulfur.

For example, when Na+ has a coordination number, the ionic radius is pm; When the radius of O2- ions is at the coordination number, the ionic radii are pm, etc., respectively.

According to the periodic table, the atomic radius is arranged, the attraction of ions with the same number of nuclear charges to the electrons outside the nucleus is the same, the more electrons outside the nucleus, the greater the radius, the same number of electrons outside the nucleus, the greater the attraction of the electrons outside the nucleus, and the smaller the radius, according to the above principle, the size of the ionic radius can be deduced.

Whether it's an atom or an ionic radius, you only need to look at two of them:

1. The more electron layers, the larger the radius;

2. The number of electron layers is the same, look at the number of protons, the more protons, the smaller the radius is definitely a good thing.

Compare ionic radii from the following aspects:

1.For ions of the same main group, the radius increases with the increase of the number of electron shells.

2.If the electron shell structure of ions of different main groups is the same, the radius increases with the increase of the number of nuclear charges.

3.If there are different main groups and different electron shell structures, the selected intermediary ions should be the same as one of the same family and the other with the same electron shell structure by comparing the intermediary ions. For example:

Na+ and Cl- can be recompared by F- (or K+). Since the radius of Na+ is less than F-, and F- is less than Cl-, Na+ is less than Cl-.

4.If it is different valence ions of the same element: the radius of the valence ion is greater than the ionic radius of **. Such as: Fe2+>Fe3+

The number of electrons outside the nucleus of an element in the same period is equal, and the more protons, the smaller the ionic radius. The different periods are generally small periods and small radius! Different periods but the number of electrons outside the nucleus is equal, and the radius of a large ordinal number is small.

Let r yang be the cation radius and r yin be the anion radius. r yang + r yin = bond length. R Yang R Yin is related to the type of crystal. The ionic radius can be calculated from the bond length.