The rise and fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, how did the Northern Song Dynasty perish?

The sorrow of civilization being trampled by barbarism.

This Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin State, and later Zhao Gou ran to the Hangzhou area and established the Southern Song Dynasty. Later, the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongol state.

It was destroyed by the mediocre emperor of Zhao Gou. ❔ Qin Hui. slandered in front of the emperor and killed Yue Fei, who was loyal to the country, and Jin Guo took the opportunity to enter, just like that. The Northern Song Dynasty perished.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the emphasis on civil affairs and light on military force showed that civilian officials were reused, and military attachés were not reused, but the development of a country was inseparable from both.

In 960 A.D., the generals of the Later Zhou Dynasty launched the Chenqiao Mutiny, supported Zhao Kuangyin as the emperor, Zhao Kuangyin changed the name of the country to Song, and set the capital of Bianliang in Kaifeng, Henan. Later, the military power was released through a glass of wine, and the military power and financial power were concentrated in **, which avoided the chaos of the division of the Tang Dynasty in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. But it also led to the Song Dynasty's defeat in the wars with the Liao and Western Xia.

In the first year of Jingkang, the Jingkang disaster occurred, and the soldiers of the Jin State came to Bianliang, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished the following year.

Congenital insufficiency, acquired death.

Congenitally, the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty did not have the sixteen states of Youyun, which led to no danger in the north. On the other hand, the basic national policy of advocating literature and suppressing military force and defending the outside world has led to the double difficulty of redundancy and inefficiency.

The day after tomorrow, it is the bottomless struggle between the old and new parties, and a series of divine operations of Emperor Huizong.

In the end, it led to a strange humiliation for the ages.

The Jin army captured Song Huizong, and after Song Qinzong was captured, the Northern Song Dynasty perished. History is known as the shame of Jingkang.

The direct cause of the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty was the shame of Jingkang, in the second year of Jingkang, the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, father and son, were captured by the Jin soldiers, and the Jin soldiers broke through the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Northern Song Dynasty became the prisoners of the Jin soldiers, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. Of course, the fundamental reason for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty was that there were problems within the country.

At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Northern Song Dynasty faced a very dangerous and embarrassing situation geographically.

The first is the loss of natural risk, the powerful Khitan Liao State in the north occupies the natural risk, and has an absolute military and geographical advantage over the Central Plains Dynasty in the south, and the same is true for the Jin State that rose in the future.

The second is that the geographical location of the capital is very passive, ancient China built the capital often in Xi'an, Luoyang, Chengdu, Beijing and other places, these places without exception are easy to defend and difficult to attack the city by virtue of natural dangers, but Kaifeng is not, Kaifeng Bianliang is located on the south bank of the Yellow River, surrounded by a plain of Pingchuan, there is no danger to defend, this geographical congenital deficiency caused by the military disadvantage is very fatal.

Of these two points, the former Northern Song Dynasty could not do anything, because in the decades before the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, this situation had already been formed from the beginning of the cession, and the Northern Song Dynasty was only a victim.

The most important point is the issue of political ideology, which is to place excessive emphasis on literature and light on military force.

The main reason for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty was the exhaustion of the country.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the state's finances have been unable to make ends meet, and the main problem is redundant soldiers, redundant officials and redundant expenses. In these three areas, a large amount of state fiscal revenue is consumed every year, and the state treasury cannot make ends meet, which eventually leads to the exhaustion of the country, the people's livelihood, and the inability to achieve effective border defense. However, Western Xia and Liao were always the henchmen of the Northern Song Dynasty, but they did not have enough ability to solve them, and finally raised tigers to cause trouble, which led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The reason for the emergence of this "three redundancies" is directly related to the national policy of the state attaching importance to scholars. Under the guidance of Ercheng in the Northern Song Dynasty, the idea of not being a sergeant or a doctor or being courteous to a commoner was deeply rooted. Therefore, many scholars became officials through the imperial examination, and in order to give preferential treatment to these scholars, they would set up a lot of unnecessary official positions, so they received salaries every year, but in fact there was no need to exist.

At that time, the more senior officials, the better the treatment, in addition to the normal salary, there are various subsidies such as tea, rice, oil, salt, clothing, food, housing and transportation every year, which can be said to be very preferential. There are many officials and good salaries, so naturally a lot of financial revenue is spent.

The national policy of the Northern Song Dynasty

The national policy of emphasizing literature over military force is a national policy that has been decided since the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty Emperor Zhao Kuangyin. Because Zhao Kuangyin took the world, it was a rebellion of military generals, and the fall of the Tang Dynasty was due to the rebellion of the feudal town. Therefore, after he became the emperor, he also paid special attention to the protection of the model and the military attaché, which had no status in the Song Dynasty.

Di Qing, the famous god of war, also died of fear.

Therefore, the entire Song Dynasty was abolished by force, and it was often on the defensive in the wars with the Western Xia and the Liao State. Moreover, since Zhao Guangyi, the best military force at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China has been used up, resulting in the inability to recover Yanyun later. It has been beaten by the Liao State for more than 100 years.

Song Taizong once said: If the country has no external worries, there will be internal troubles. External worries can be prevented; But treachery and evil have no form, and if it is an internal trouble, it is deeply fearful.

The emperor's intentions are always guarded to this.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Northern Song Dynasty.