What is the difference between a chronicle and a general chronicle 5

All of them are chronicles of history Only the former is more broad, as long as the chronicle is recorded by age and time, it can be regarded as a chronicle history book, which may only have a certain dynasty, a certain period of history, or a general history from ancient times to the present; A chronicle is a coherent account of the historical facts of various eras, generally from ancient times to the present.

First of all, it is necessary to clarify two concepts: history books and general history.

Historical books refer to all works that record history. General history, as opposed to dynastic history, is a category of history books.

Spring and Autumn Zuo's Biography:

It is the first chronicle with a detailed and complete narrative in China. Formerly known as "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Period", also known as "Spring and Autumn Zuo's Biography", it is said to have been written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of the Lu State. "Zuo Biography" has a high literary value and has a great influence on later generations, not only making a glorious example in the writing of historical works, but also providing rich nourishment for the narrative of prose, discussion and drama.

Spring and Autumn is the first chronicle in the history of our country.

Spring and Autumn is a history book of the Lu Kingdom, which records the history from the first year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the fourteenth year of Lu Ai (481 BC). It is the earliest surviving chronicle in China. The historical value of the book "Spring and Autumn" is very high, and the content recorded is basically credible, but it is incomplete.

In ancient China, spring and autumn were the seasons when princes hired royal families. In addition, spring and autumn also represented the four seasons of the year in ancient times. The history books record the major events that occur in the four seasons of the year, so "Spring and Autumn" is the general name of the history books.

And the official name of the history books of the Lu State is "Spring and Autumn". It was previously believed that Confucius revised the book "Spring and Autumn". Now it is believed that it was made by the historians of the Lu State and has nothing to do with Confucius.

The text in the Spring and Autumn Period is very concise, and the record of the events is very brief, the original text is only more than 18,000 words, and the existing version is only more than 16,000 words. Therefore, the ancients wrote some works for this book, explaining and explaining the records in the book, which is called "biography". According to the records of "Hanshu Art and Cultural Chronicles", there are a total of 5 publishers for the Spring and Autumn Period

Zuo's Biography, 30 volumes.

The Legend of the Ram, vol. 11.

The Biography of the Zou Family, 11 volumes.

The Biography of the Jia Family, 11 volumes.

The latter two no longer exist. The Ram Biography and Gu Liang Biography were written in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, and were written in the official books that were popular at that time, which were called Jinwen. There are two kinds of zuo chuan, one is from the walls of Confucius's former residence, written in ancient fonts before the Qin Dynasty, called ancient scripts; One is handed down from Xunqing during the Warring States Period.

The Ram Pass and the Gu Liang Pass are very different from the Left Pass. The Legend of the Ram and the Legend of Gu Liang are the so-called "subtle words and great righteousness", which is to try to explain the original intention of Confucius (the author believes that the Spring and Autumn Period was written by Confucius. As a result, much of the content is too far-fetched to stand up to scrutiny.

On the other hand, Zuo Biography is based on historical facts, supplementing and correcting the major events that are wrong or not recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period. Moreover, the literary nature of Zuo Biography is also very high, so its historical value and influence are greater than that of Ram Biography and Gu Liang Biography

China's famous chronicle history books include "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Chuan", "Zizhi Tongjian", "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Han Ji", "Later Han Ji", "Guoyu", etc., its "Spring and Autumn" is the earliest existing chronicle history book in China, "Zuo Chuan" is China's first relatively complete chronicle history book, "Zizhi Tongjian" is China's largest chronicle general history.

Introduction to the Chronicle.

Chronicle is a genre of Chinese history books, which is a style of historical books that arranges historical events with chronology as clues, and takes time as the center to record historical events in the order of year, month and day. The more famous chronicles include "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Chuan", "Zizhi Tongjian", "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Han Ji", "Later Han Ji", "Guoyu" and so on. Because the chronicle is the oldest and oldest historical literary genre in ancient China, it is called "ancient history".

Peculiarity. Chronicle history books, with events to connect the day, to the day of the day, to the time of the year, to understand the general trend of the rise and fall of a generation, its advantage is to give people a clear concept of time, it is easier to reflect the background of the occurrence and development of historical events; The disadvantage is that it is not easy to focus on the connection before and after the same historical event. This genre is time-centric, and the narrative of the characters' lives, canonical systems, and culture is often too brief and fragmented, and the age of the unknown cannot even be written into the book, which affects the use value of the chronicle.

1. "Spring and Autumn", that is, "Spring and Autumn Classic", also known as "Lin Jing" or "Lin History", one of the "Six Classics" of ancient Chinese Confucian classics.

It is also the national history of the state of Lu during the Zhou Dynasty, and the existing version was revised by Confucius.

The Spring and Autumn Period is China's first chronicle of history, with a total of 35 volumes, is one of the Confucian classics and the longest of the thirteen classics, and is listed as a scripture in the Siku Quanshu.

The account ranges from 722 BC (the first year of Lu Yin) to 468 BC (the twenty-seventh year of Lu Ai).

2. "Zuo Chuan" is said to be a historical book annotated by Zuo Qiu Ming of Lu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period for "Spring and Autumn", and "The Legend of the Ram" and "The Legend of Gu Liang" are collectively known as the "Three Legends of the Spring and Autumn Period".

It is the first chronicle with a detailed narrative in China, and it is also an outstanding masterpiece of historical prose.

The book consists of 35 volumes, which is one of the Confucian classics and the longest of the thirteen classics.

The account ranges from 722 BC (the first year of Lu Yin) to 468 BC (the twenty-seventh year of Lu Ai).

3. "Zizhi Tongjian" (Chang Jian, "Tongjian"), a multi-volume chronicle edited by Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a total of 294 volumes and completed in 19 years.

Mainly based on time and events, it was written from the twenty-third year of King Weilie of Zhou (403 B.C.) to the sixth year of Zhou Shizong Xiande (959 A.D.) five generations later, covering the history of 16 dynasties and 1362 years.

In this book, the editors summed up many lessons for the rulers to learn from, and Song Shenzong believed that this book "in view of the past, it has the ability to govern the way", that is, to use the gains and losses of history as a warning to strengthen the rule, so it was named "Zizhi Tongjian".

The Zizhi Tongjian has 294 volumes, about 3 million words, and 30 volumes of "Examination of Differences" and "Catalogue".

4. The Bamboo Book Chronicle is a chronicle made by the historians of the Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Wei State in the Warring States Period.

In the fifth year of Xianning in the Western Jin Dynasty (279 years), the people of Ji County (now Ji County, Henan) were not allowed to steal the tomb of King Wei Xiang (or King Anjiao of Wei) during the Warring States Period, which is also known as "Ji Mound Chronicle" and "Ancient Wen Chronicle" (pre-Qin text), which has high historical value for the study of pre-Qin history.

5. "Han Ji" is a historical book that describes the history of the Western Han Dynasty, the style is chronicle, 30 volumes, and the author is Xun Yue in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Xun Yue (148 A.D. 209 A.D.), the word Zhongyu, served as a waiter when Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, and later served as a secretary and supervisor.

He is the author of "Shen Jian" and so on.

Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty found Ban Gu's Book of Han difficult to understand, so he asked Xun Yue to recopy the Han Ji for his reference according to the chronicle of the Zuo Chuan.

Difference Between Chronicle History Book and Chronicle General History: Chronicle history books include Chronicle General History and Chronicle Chronicle Chronicle History. The chronicle is to say that the history book is written in chronological order, and the chronicle general history refers to the chronological writing of history books that span many dynasties.

Chronicle is a genre of traditional Chinese history books, which is a style of historical books that use chronology as clues to arrange historical events. Chronicles are time-centered, chronicling historical events in the order of year, month, and day. Because it is based on time and historical events, it is more tolerant of the old bend and reflects the connection between various historical events in the same period.

For example: "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Chuan", "Zizhi Tongjian", "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Han Ji", "Later Han Ji", "Guoyu" and so on. Because the chronicle is the literary genre with the longest history in ancient China, the Book of Sui is called "ancient history".

Country-specific: Historical events are narrated separately by country.

Belonging to the country-specific body to the history books include "Chinese", "Warring States Policy" and "Records of the Three Kingdoms".

the first "Chinese" written by Zuo Qiu Ming in the Spring and Autumn period;

The second is the "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang in the early Han Dynasty.

Chronicle: Chronological use as a clue to arrange relevant historical events. Chronicles are time-centered, chronicling historical events in the order of year, month, and day.

Historical books that belong to the chronicle style include "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Chuan" and "Zizhi Tongjian".

The first is the "Spring and Autumn" compiled by Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period;

the second is "Zuo Biography" written by Zuo Qiu Ming in the Spring and Autumn Period;

The third is the Northern Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian".

Chronicles: A form of East Asian history books, which is a style of compiling historical books that reflects historical events based on the chronicle and the biographical figures, the time and latitude. The outstanding feature of the biographical history book is that it takes a large number of biographies of people as the central content, and is a further combination of words and accounts.

From the perspective of genre form, the biography style is a synthesis of the book, the family, the biography, the bibliography, the historical table and the historical theory. It is a genre of traditional history books in China, which narrates historical facts with biographies as the center. Ji is the emperor's book, listed at the front of the book, and the biography is the biography of other characters, starting with the "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian in the Han Dynasty.

Historical events are narrated separately by country. "Chinese" is China's first country-specific historical record, and it is a historical prose of some national chronicles.

The first is Sima Qian's "Historical Records" in the Western Han Dynasty;

The second is the Book of Han written by Ban Gu during the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Originating from King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty and ending in the early years of the Warring States Period, it contains the historical facts of Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu, Yue and other countries for about 427 years. On the occasion of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was compiled into a book by the historians of the Jin Kingdom. The accounts of "Chinese" are much more detailed and vivid than those of "Spring and Autumn", and many precious historical materials have been preserved.

Warring States Policy is a compilation of historical materials from the Warring States period.

Historical books that belong to the Ji biography style include "Historical Records" and "Han Shu".

The difference between chronicles, country-specific styles, and chronicles is that they are different in genres:

1. Chronicle.

Chronicle is a genre of traditional Chinese history books, which uses chronology as a clue to arrange relevant historical events. Chronicles are time-centered, chronicling historical events in the order of year, month, and day.

Because it is based on time and historical events, it is easier to reflect the connection between various historical events in the same period. For example: "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Chuan", "Zizhi Tongjian" Tan Ruda, "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "Han Ji", "Later Han Ji", "Guoyu".

2. Country-specific.

The country system is based on the country, and contains vertical and vertical narratives of historical events. The Chinese is China's first country-specific historical record, a historical prose of a part of the national chronicles, starting from King Mu of Western Zhou and ending at Lu Mourning Duke in the early years of the Warring States, and containing about 427 years of historical facts from Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu, Yue and other countries. On the occasion of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was compiled into a book by the historians of the Jin Kingdom.

3. Chronicles.

Ji Biography, a form of East Oak Fan Ya History Book, is to set up a biography of a person (the biography of the emperor is called "Ji", the general person is called "Biography", the person in special circumstances is called "Ji", the record system, customs, economy, etc. is called "Zhi", and the historical events are arranged in the form of "table").

The concepts of chronicles, chronicles and countries:

1. Chronicle: a genre of historical compilation. Chronicles are records of historical events according to the chronology of the living emperor (i.e., the first record is purely chronological).

There are "Zizhi Tongjian", as well as Confucius's "Spring and Autumn", "Spring and Autumn Three Biography": Zuo Qiu Ming's "Zuo Chuan" (also known as "Spring and Autumn Zuo's Biography"), "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography", "Spring and Autumn Valley Liang Biography" and so on.

Among them, "Spring and Autumn" is the earliest existing chronicle history book in ChinaAccording to legend, it was compiled and revised by Confucius based on the "Spring and Autumn Period" compiled by the historians of the Lu State.

2. Country-specific system: the country (candidate country) is the main body of the record, that is, the history is recorded according to the classification of the country.

One is the "Chinese" written by Zuo Qiu Ming in the Spring and Autumn Period; The better one is the "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang in the early Han Dynasty.

Among them, "Chinese" is the earliest and first national history of China, also known as the national record, is a part of the national chronicle of the historical prose work, from the Western Zhou Dynasty Mu Wang, in the early years of the Warring States period of Lu mourning Gong, containing the history of Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu, Yue eight countries.

3. Biography: A form of historical books that narrates historical facts in the way of biographies of characters. That is, to record history centered on the activities of the characters, that is, to establish biographies for the characters.

Representative works include "Historical Records" and "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", all of which are biography.

Among them, "Historical Records" is the earliest historical book in China, and it is also the best historical book in China, which was compiled by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty.

Difference Between Chronicle, Chronicle and Country:

1. Genres are different

The chronicle is passedCharacter activities to reflect history, is a genre of historical books created by Sima Qian, starting with the "Historical Records".

The chronicle is based onChronology is used as a clue to record history, starting with Confucius's revision of the Spring and Autumn Period.

The country is based onThe state is a unit of history, starting with "Chinese", is said to have been written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian in the Spring and Autumn period.

2. The focus of the description is different:

The chronicle is passedThe activities of a person over a certain historical periodto reflect the historical events of the time. That is, the focus of the chronicles is on historical figures.

The point of the chronicle is:TimeHistorical events are recorded strictly by year, month, and day. Specifically, what happened on a certain day, a certain month, and a certain year, which is somewhat similar to a memorabilia.

The focus of the country is on:various vassal states, which is mainly recorded in a certain vassal state, the words and deeds of relevant people.

3. The advantages and disadvantages are different

Chronicle biographyThe range is a bit broader, which is conducive to highlighting certain key historical figures. But at the same time, it often results in an exaggeration of certain historical figures.

Chronicle to:Time is the center,It can clearly show the time when historical events took place, as well as the relationship between them. However, it cannot show a certain historical event in its entirety, so that some key historical figures are drowned in the vast river of history.

Country-specific entitiesPay attention to the record of real history, which is relatively objective, but each school has its own theories, and the ideological themes will be complicated. Moreover, because the records are recorded in each vassal state, it is inevitable that the historical events between the relevant countries will be recorded repeatedly.