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Liezi, known as Kou, also known as Yukou (also known as Guokou"), a thinker in the early Warring States period, is another representative of Taoist thought after Laozi and Zhuangzi, a native of Putian (now Zhengzhou, Henan), and Zheng Miaogong at the same time. Now 30 miles east of Zhengzhou City, there is a Liezi Temple in the north of Putian Village, Putian Township. It is based on the Yellow Emperor Laozi, advocating quiet and inaction.

The "Taoist" part of Bangu's "Art and Literature Chronicles" of the Later Han Dynasty recorded eight volumes of "Liezi". The Liezi, also known as the Chongxu Jing (written between 450 and 375 BC), is an important Taoist text. The Hanshu "Art and Literature Chronicles" recorded eight volumes of "Liezi", which was lost early.

Judging from the ideological content and use of language, the eight volumes of this "Liezi" may have been compiled by modern people based on ancient materials. The book contains a total of 134 fables, myths and legends, etc., with a wide range of themes, some of which are quite educational.

Liezi devoted his life to moral learning, and studied under Guan Yinzi, Huqiuzi, Lao Shang, and Zhibo Gaozi. He lived in seclusion in Zheng Guo for forty years, did not seek fame and fortune, and was quiet and monastic. It advocates following the name and being responsible, and governing by inaction.

He has written 20 books, more than 100,000 words, and now there are eight articles such as "Tianrui", "Zhongni", "Tang Wen", "Yang Zhu", "Shuofu", "Yellow Emperor", "King Mu of Zhou", "Li Life", etc., which have become the book "Liezi", all of which have been lost. Among them, there are more than 100 fables, such as "The Yellow Emperor's Divine Journey", "The Fool Moves the Mountain", "Praise the Father Chasing the Sun", "Worrying about the Sky", etc., which are full of pearls and jade, which are interesting to read, timeless and long, and thought-provoking.

Liezi is open-minded, rich and poor, and not shocked by honor and disgrace. Because of the poverty of his family, he often did not have enough to eat, so that his face was yellow and thin. Someone persuaded Zheng Guozhi Ziyang to fund Liezi in order to win a good man, so Ziyang sent someone to send him ten carts of grain, and he thanked him repeatedly, but refused to accept the kind.

My wife complained, "I have heard that a man of the right can live happily with his wife and children, but now I am often hungry." The prime minister sent you food but you didn't accept it, I'm really miserable.

Liezi smiled and said to his wife: Ziyang doesn't really understand me, and he only sent me food after listening to others. In the future, I may also blame me for listening to others, so I can't accept it.

A year later, there was a rebellion in Zheng Guo, Ziyang was killed, and many of his party were killed by Zhulian, and the imperial emperor was able to survive unharmed. Such a relic is still circulating among the people of Zhengzhou, and this story is also recorded in the "Zhengzhou Chronicles" in the 32nd year of Kangxi.

Liezi is noble and vain, cultivating and refining the art of resisting the wind, being able to resist the wind, and often riding the wind in the spring to travel the eight wildernesses. In Zhuangzi's "Leisurely Travel", Liezi describes the scene of Liezi riding the wind: "Lu Ran is good, and there are five days in ten and then returns." ”。

Flying and chasing freely, its ease and self-satisfaction are enviable. In the first year of Xuanzong Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty (742), Li Longji named him a true person of Chongxu, and his book was a true scripture of Chongxu.

It is revered by Taoism as "Chongxu Zhenren".

Mingkou, also known as Yukou.

Later, he was revered by Taoism as "Chongxu Zhenren".

It is revered by Taoism as "Chong Xuan Zhenren".

Liezi is known as Kou, also known as Yukou.

Liezi (about 450 BC - 375 BC, that is, during the Warring States period, died at the age of 75), a representative figure of Taoism in the early Warring States period. Mingkou, also known as Yukou ("Liezi" is the honorific title of his descendants), Huaxia clan.

Zheng Guo of the Zhou Dynasty. A native of Putian (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province), after the ancient emperor Lieshan. One of the ten great men in the pre-Qin world, he was a famous Taoist thinker, philosopher, writer, and educator.

Note. There is a tide river in front of the tomb of Liezi, there are hills in the back, surrounded by jujube forests, and there is a Liezi Temple nearby. There is no examination of the founding year, according to the inscription, the ancestral hall was once changed to a Buddhist temple, Ming Wanli.

In the eighth year (1580), when Su Minwang, the imperial envoy of supervision, inspected Henan and crossed the garden, he learned of this matter, and ordered Xu Rusheng, the governor of Zhengzhou, to rebuild the ancestral hall and set up the stele of "Rebuilding the Ancestral Hall of Liezi".

The ancestral hall originally had a hard mountain house, a roll shed, a left and right compartment, and a hall.

There are 15 rooms in the gatehouse, which is a rectangular courtyard, and there are several green black locust trees in front of the court and behind the house. The top of the main hall is inlaid with an owl's kiss, a treasure vase, and the tile has a circular ornament, and the frieze and the finch are replaced.

There are "Heavenly Horses", "Lion Rolling Hydrangea" and floral reliefs. In front of the hall, there is a clear monument and a clear monument three links. The main hall in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution.

When it was destroyed, the stele was torn down and buried in the ground. There are existing mountain gates, corridor houses and other hard mountain buildings.

Liezi refers to Taoism.

Liezi is a Taoist school between Laozi and Zhuangzi.

An important inheritor of the past and the future is another representative of the Taoist school in addition to Laozi and Zhuangzi. It was learned from the Yellow Emperor.

Lao Tzu, advocating quiet and inaction, is the same as Lao Zhuang.

He is revered as a senior by Taoists. He founded the Guixu School (Liezixue), a pre-Qin philosophical school, which had a profound influence on philosophy, aesthetics, literature, science and technology, health preservation, music, and religion in later generations.

Theory of Thought

Liezi is an important lineage of the Taoist school between Laozi and Zhuangzi. Pre-Qin Taoism was founded in Laozi, developed in Liezi, and completed in Zhuangzi. His ideology advocates the existence of the "Liezi".

book. Liezi was the first to put forward the idea of four stages of universe generation; "Celestial motion" in Liezi.

Theories such as "Theory of Earth Motion" and "Theory of the Infinity of the Universe" are far earlier than similar theories in the West; He created a pre-Qin prose style that integrated allegory and philosophy.

One of the core concepts of the book is "transformation". It has multiple meanings, but can be divided into three main levels: "biochemistry" in the universe-generating system, epistemology.

and "materialization" at the level of the realm, and "indoctrination" at the level of political and social theory.

The "transformation" in the universe generation system has two interrelated subject perspectives: origin and all things. "Transformation" at the epistemological level is the basis of "transformation" at the realm level; On the other hand, the "transformation" at the level of political theory has distinctive and distinctive characteristics.

Liezi is also known as Mingkou.

Liezi's name is Yukou, also known as Kou, the word cloud, also known as Yuankou, Zheng Guoputian, after the ancient emperor Lieshan. It is an important inheritor of the Taoist school between Laozi and Zhuangzi, and is another representative of the Taoist school in addition to Laozi and Zhuangzi.

It is based on the Yellow Emperor Laozi, advocates quiet and inaction, is the same as Lao Zhuang, and is respected as a predecessor by Taoists. He founded the Guixu School, a pre-Qin philosophical school, which had a profound influence on later philosophy, aesthetics, literature, science and technology, health preservation, music, and religion.

Liezi's Story:

Liezi is open-minded, rich and poor, and not shocked by honor and disgrace. Because of the poverty of his family, he often did not have enough to eat, so that his face was yellow and thin. Someone persuaded Ziyang, who was in power of Zheng Guo, to fund Liezi in the name of fighting a good man, so Ziyang sent someone to send him ten carts of grain, and he thanked him repeatedly, but refused to accept the kind.

The wife complained, "I have heard that a man of the right can live happily with his wife and children, but I often go hungry. The prime minister sent you food but you didn't accept it, I'm really miserable. ”

Liezi smiled and said to his wife: Ziyang doesn't really understand me, and he only sent me food after listening to others. In the future, I may also blame me for listening to others, so I can't accept it.

A year later, there was a rebellion in Zheng Guo, Ziyang was killed, and many of his party were killed by Zhulian, and the imperial emperor was able to survive unharmed. Such a relic is still circulating among the people of Zhengzhou today, and the "Zhengzhou Chronicles" in the 32nd year of Kangxi also recorded this story.

Explanation of the columns.

lie zi]

That is, during the Warring States period, Zheng Ren was listed as the imperial court. In ancient times, it was said that the son of a column could resist the wind. It is also one of the Chinese Taoist classics.

It is said to be written by the people of the Warring States period. "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" recorded eight articles of "Liezi", which were lost early. The eight articles of this "Liezi" were compiled by Zhang Zhan of the Jin Dynasty.

Some pre-Qin materials are copied in the book, but from the perspective of ideological content, they are works that reflect the ideological trends of the Wei and Jin dynasties. The authenticity of this book has been dialectically explained in detail by famous scholars throughout the agesThat is, the Imperial Kou, which is said to be the early Taoist of the pre-Qin period.

2).Refers to the scholars. "Words" The first grinding trouble ninety-seven times:

Where does the wind blow? Night and night Chanjuan is in the willows. ” 3).

Dialect. The march of the army. Sha Ting "Notes**" 33:

Then I squeezed into the column and set off with the group. Ye Zi's "Essay on the March" states: "Among us, there were two, and they jumped out of the column without saying a word and threw their guns to their good companions.

Word decomposition Explanation of column Column è Arrange in a line : list . Row (俷) column.

Queue. Archipelago. Name, Many:

Columns. Powers. Biography (刵 ).

Pose: enumerate. Arrange into a certain type of transaction:

Attend. A measure word, used in a row of things: a train.

Class: Not in this column. Surname.

In ancient times, it was the same as "lie", and the interpretation of the son ǐ in ancient times referred to children, and now it specifically refers to son: children. Offspring.

Heir. Children (juniors, young people). Fruits, seeds of plants:

Cabbage. Melon seeds. Zishi.

Eggs of animals: roe. Silkworms.

Young, small: chickens. Newborn animal.

Sub-city. Small blind cover and hard granular stuff :

Hello, dear, I am happy to answer the answer for you: Liezi (about 450 BC - 375 BC), known as Yu Kou, also known as 圄寇, also known as Kou, word cloud. A representative figure of Taoism in the early Warring States period.

A native of Zhengguo Putian (now Zhengzhou, Henan), after the ancient emperor Lieshan. About the same time as Zheng Xianggong. The pre-Qin world's ten great factions were Junyi, Taoists, thinkers, philosophers, writers, and educators.

Tukai analysis: "Liezi" is also known as "Chongxu Zhenjing" [1], according to legend, it was written by the Warring States Lie Yukou [8], and was later respected as "Chongxu Zhenjing", and its doctrine was praised by the ancients as the way to win. "Liezi" is a famous classic in the history of ancient Chinese pre-Qin thought and culture, belongs to the works of the Zhuzi school, is a book of wisdom and wisdom, it can open people's minds, give people enlightenment, give people wisdom.

Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" Taoist class record "Liezi" eight articles, Ban Gu said: Liezi "the name of the Kou, the first Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi called it". The book is divided into eight chapters: "Tianrui", "Yellow Emperor", "King Mu of Zhou", "Zhongni", "Tang Wen", "Liming", "Yang Zhu" and "Shuofu".

5] In the first year of Tang Tianbao, Tang Xuanzong issued an edict to set up a "Doctor of Metaphysics", and the edict "Liezi" was "Chongxu Zhenjing", and the Northern Song Dynasty was crowned as "Zhide", called "Chongxu Zhide Zhenjing". It is listed as one of the important classics of Taoism. Thank you for your patience.

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