In which century was the calculator invented in China

Who invented the abacus is impossible to investigate. But its use should have been very early. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the mathematician Xu Yue's "Chronicles of Mathematics" contained:

Abacus control belt four times, longitude and latitude three talents. "Northern Zhou Zhen Luan Zhuyun: "The stereotype is three points, each with five beads, the upper bead and the lower four beads abacus color difference, the upper color of the pearl is five, and the lower four beads are each one.

In the Han Dynasty, there was an abacus, but the shape was different from that of recent times. However, one bead above the middle beam is five, and each bead below the middle beam is one, which is the same as in modern times, and according to Xu Yue, his teacher Liu Hong once asked the Taoist Mr. Tianmu, Mr. Tianmu explained 14 calculation methods, one of which is the abacus, which shows that the abacus has appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest. Some historians believe that the name abacus first appeared in the Collected Works of Mr. Jing Xiu written by the Yuan scholar Liu Yin (1249-1293).

In "Yuan Qu Selection", the anonymous "Pang Jushi mistakenly released the next debt" also mentions the abacus. There is such a sentence in the play: "Idle hands, go to the abacus and dial my age."

In 1 274 A.D., Yang Hui recorded the "Nine Dividing Method" about the abacus in the "Multiplication and Division" and Zhu Shijie in the "Enlightenment of Arithmetic" in 1299. In 1450 A.D., Wu Jing in the "Nine Chapters of Detailed Annotations and Analogous Algorithms", the use of the abacus is described in more detail, Zhang Zerui painted an abacus in the "Qingming Riverside Map", it can be seen that as early as the Northern Song Dynasty or before the Northern Song Dynasty, China has widely used the abacus as a calculation tool.

I knew the abacus of the 15th century, but I didn't know about the 14th century.

Question: The first computing tools were born in China.

One of the earliest calculation tools used in ancient China was called Planning, also known as Calculation. Most of these calculations are made of bamboo, but there are also about 270 pieces of wood and animal bones that can be carried around in a cloth bag.

The abacus, which is still in use today, is another invention in the field of ancient Chinese computing tools, and the abacus in the Ming Dynasty has become almost identical to the modern abacus.

At the beginning of the 17th century, there was a great development of calculation tools in Western countries, and the English mathematician Napier invented them"Napier counts"The British priest Ochhard invented the cylindrical logarithmic slide rule, which can not only do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, multiplication, and open square operations, but also calculate trigonometric functions, exponential functions and logarithmic functions, these calculation tools not only led to the development of calculators, but also laid a good foundation for the development of modern calculators, and became a widely used calculation tool in modern society.

In 1642, the 19-year-old French great scientist Pascal quoted the principle of the abacus and invented the first mechanical calculator, in his calculator there are some interlocking gears, a gear that turns ten digits will make another gear turn one place, people can dial the number into it like dialing the ** dial, and the calculation result will appear in another window, but can only do addition and subtraction calculations. In 1694, Leibniz improved it in Germany to allow multiplication and division. After that, it was not until the end of the 50s of the 20th century that electronic calculators appeared.