What are alkaloids? What are alkaloids?

It is a class of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that exist in nature (generally referring to plants, but some also exist in animals). It has alkali-like properties, so it was also called pseudoalkali in the past. Most alkaloids have a complex cyclic structure, and nitrogen is mostly included in the ring, which is optically active.

However, there are a few exceptions to the alkaloids. For example, ephedrine is an organic amine derivative, and the nitrogen atom is not in the ring; Although caffeine is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative, it is very weak or basically not alkaline; Colchicine is almost completely unbasic and nitrogen atoms are not ...... in the ringWait. Because they are all nitrogenous organic compounds of plants, and have obvious biological activity, they are still included in the range of alkaloids.

And some of the most natural nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as some vitamins, amino acids, peptides, are not customarily "alkaloids."", so"Alkaloids"There is no strict and precise definition of the term.

Biological ashes, hair, or whatever made of alkali.

Alkaloids are a class of nitrogen-containing alkaline organic compounds that exist in nature (mainly plants, but some also exist in animals), and have alkali-like properties, so they were also called pseudoalkali in the past. Most of them have a complex cyclic structure, and nitrogen is mostly contained in the ring, which has significant biological activity and is one of the important active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine. Optically active.

Some nitrogenous organic compounds that are not alkaline but are more than plants have obvious biological activity, so they are still included in the range of alkaloids. And some of the most natural nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as some vitamins, amino acids, peptides, are not customarily "alkaloids.""。

Organic amines: such as ephedrine, motherwort, colchicine.

Wait. Pyrrolidines: such as ancient bean line, senecil base, wild lily line, etc. Pyridines: such as nicotine, arecaine, lomelamine, etc. Isoquinolines: such as berberine.

Morphine, powder-hexocanine, etc. Indoles: such as reserpine, vincristine, ergometrine, etc. Scycyamines: such as atropine.

Scopolamine, etc. <

1. Organic amines: such as ephedrine, motherwortine, colchicine, etc.

2. Pyrrolidines: such as ancient bean base, senecil alkali, wild lily base, etc.

3. Pyridines: such as nicotine, arecaine, lobeline, etc.

4. Isoquinolines: such as berberine, morphine, powder-hexamine, etc.

5. Indoles: such as reserpine, vincristine, ergometrine, etc.

6. Scycyanes: such as atropine, scopolamine, etc.

7. Imidazole. Classes: such as pilocarpine, etc.

8. Quizolones: such as Changshan, etc.

9. Purines: such as caffeine, theophylline, etc.

10. Steroids: such as solanine.

Zhejiang fritilline, Australian solanine, etc.

11. Diterpenoids: such as aconitine.

Delphinine, etc.

12. Others: such as galantamine, triptolide, etc.

Most of the alkaloids are physiologically active and are often the active ingredients of many Chinese herbal medicines and medicinal plants.

If you're a student and want to get started, I'll give you a few simple examples.

For example, morphine obtained from opium has a strong analgesic effect; Codeine has a cough suppressant effect, papaverine has a relaxant smooth muscle effect; The ephedrine in ephedra has an antiasthmatic effect; Berberine in Coptis chinensis and Phellodendron phellodendron has antibacterial effect; Scycyamine in mandala, albane, belladonna has antispasmodic and anti-organophosphate poisoning effects, and so on.

The above alkaloids are the most studied alkaloids at present, and their effects are also different. According to statistics, there are more than 80 kinds of alkaloids in clinical application, and of course, there are more that scientific researchers are studying.

The active ingredients of many Chinese herbal medicines and medicinal plants in nature include alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing organic compounds, complex in structure, and very diverse, most of them are physiologically active, and there are many types of alkaloids, and the specific use depends on what kind of plant it is extracted from.

Common alkaloids include choline, betaine, ganoderma lucidum, reishi alkali A, etc., which have a relatively high content in cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum, and betaine can assist in muscle weakness.

The alkaloids extracted from various plants have different effects, most of them are good for the human body, and a few are toxic, so the use of alkaloids should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and remember not to use them indiscriminately.

Explanation of alkaline water.

1.Also used as water for drowning. 2.Water containing salt.

Word decomposition Explanation of alkali alkali ǎ A substance contained in the soil, the chemical composition is sodium carbonate, which is used as a detergent and is also used to neutralize the sourness in the dough: alkaline earth. Basification.

Alkali shortage. Chemically speaking, it is called a compound that can ionize in an aqueous solution to form hydroxide ions (OH), such as sodium hydroxide. The solution has an astringent taste that makes litmus paper Explanation of water ǐ A colorless, odorless, transparent liquid:

Rice. Drop stone wears. The water is impassable.

River: Han Shui. Xiangshui.

River: A common name for lakes and seas. Reservoir. Water conservancy.

It comes naturally (metaphorically, when the conditions are ripe, things will be completed smoothly). Water can carry boats. Cross mountains and seas.

Surrounded by mountains and rivers. Liquid: Pen. Ink.