What material is soap made of? Please, thank you

Until the end of the 18th century, soap was made from animal fat and wood ash. At the end of the 18th century, it was discovered that an alkali made from table salt could replace wood ash. This base is called caustic soda.

At that time, vegetable oils such as olive oil, palm oil, sesame oil, and soybean oil also began to replace animal fats. Main Ingredients: Sodium Stearate, Molecular Formula:

C17H35Coona (can also be written as RCOONA, which is produced by the reaction of sodium hydroxide [NaOH] and fat). Beg.

Because the ancients used honey locust to wash clothes in the Yellow River Valley, and later there was no honey locust tree in the Yangtze River Basin, so they found that there was another kind of tree, whose fruit has the same performance as honey locust, which can wash clothes, but it is more fat and plump than honey locust, so she was named soapseed, also called soap fruit. Later, when artificial stain removers were invented, they were still used"Soap"The word. So, although there is no skinny soap, there is a soap that is not fat, that is"Acacia locust".

Soap (Cantonese pansuine) is a surfactant used as a personal cleaning product, usually in the form of solid blocks. History In ancient times, whether it was the East or the West, the earliest washing ingredients were nothing more than sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. The former is a natural lake mineral product, and the latter is the main washing component of plant ash.

The invention of soap is said to have been made by the Phoenicians on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Legend has it that in a royal palace in ancient Egypt in the 7th century B.C., a Phoenician cook accidentally knocked over a jar of cooking oil in the ground, and he was so frightened that he quickly sprinkled the ashes from the stove on it before anyone else found out, and then took the ashes mixed with grease and threw them away. Looking at the greasy hands on his hands, he thought:

With such dirty hands, I don't know when I will be able to wash them! He hesitated as he put his hand in the water. A miracle happened:

He just rubbed it lightly a few times, and the greasy on his hands was easily washed off! Even the old dirt that had been difficult to wash off was washed away. The chef was so strange that he asked the other chefs to try it with the oil, and everyone's hands were cleaner than before.

As a result, the servants in the kitchen often washed their hands with grease and plant ashes. Later, the pharaoh also learned of this secret and asked the cook to make some plant ashes mixed with oil for him to wash his hands. Of course, legends are just legends after all, and they may not be taken entirely seriously.

However, the Egyptian lake near the city of Alexandria is rich in natural sodium carbonate, so it is not surprising that ancient Egypt was relatively developed in washing technology, and soap was invented.

The main ingredient of soap is sodium stearate, and its molecular formula is C17H35Coona (carbon 17 hydrogen 35 + carbon + oxygen + oxygen + sodium) (can also be written as rcoona, which is produced by the reaction of sodium hydroxide [NaOH] and fat). If you add spices and dyes to it, you can make a soap that has both color and fragrance; If you add some medicine (such as boric acid or carbolic acid) to it, it becomes a medicated soap.

1. The raw materials of soap are all kinds of animals (butter, sheep fat, lard, bone oil) and vegetable oils and fats (rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, tea seed oil, olive oil, palm oil), and a single raw material cannot be used, otherwise the hardness of the soap base is not suitable.

2. Soap is a general term for fatty acid metal salts, the number of fatty acid carbon in daily soap is generally 10-18, the metal is mainly alkali metals such as sodium or potassium, and ammonia and some organic alkalis such as ethanolamine and triethanolamine are also used to make special-purpose soap. Soaps include laundry soaps, toilet soaps, metal soaps, liquid soaps, as well as related products such as fatty acids, hardened oils, glycerin, etc.

3. Ingredients of soap: sodium salt R-CO2Na of carboxylic acid, synthetic pigments, synthetic fragrances, preservatives, antioxidants, foaming agents, hardeners, viscous agents, synthetic surfactants.

4. The main ingredient of soap, R-CO2NA, (sodium stearate (C17H35COONA)), in which the R group is generally different, is a variety of hydrocarbon groups. r- is a hydrophobic group and a carboxyl group is a hydrophilic group. In hard water, soap and Ca2+, Mg2+, etc., form curd-like substances, fatty acids, calcium salts, etc., which are commonly referred to as "calcium soaps" and become useless descalers.

Adding a softener to hard water removes hard water ions and allows the soap to work. Medicated soap is mainly made with some disinfectant added to it. Soap adds fragrance to it.

Soap contains saponine and has strong degreasing power.

The main material of soap is sodium stearate, which is produced by the reaction of sodium hydroxide [NaOH] and alkaline grease.

The molecular structure of soap can be divided into two parts. At one end is the polarized CoO- (hydrophilic site).

At the other end is a non-polar carbon chain (lipophilic part). Soap can destroy the surface tension of water, when soap molecules enter the water, the polar hydrophilic parts will destroy the attraction between water molecules and reduce the surface tension of water, so that the water molecules are evenly distributed in the clothes to be washed or the surface of the water.

The lipophilic part of the soap penetrates deep into the oil stain, and the hydrophilic part dissolves in the water, and this conjugate is stirred to form smaller oil droplets, and its surface is covered with the hydrophilic part of the soap, and will not re-aggregate into a large oil stain. This process (also known as emulsification) is repeated several times, and all the oil stains are dissolved in water as tiny droplets that can be easily rinsed off.

Soap is the sodium salt R-CO2NA of carboxylic acid, synthetic pigment, synthetic fragrance, preservative, antioxidant, foaming agent, hardener, viscous agent, synthetic surfactant. The main raw material of soap is sodium stearate.

Soap is a general term for metal salts of fatty acids. The general formula is rcoom, where rcoo is the fatty acid group and m is the metal ion. The number of fatty acid carbons in daily soap is generally 10-18.

Metals are mainly alkali metals such as sodium or potassium. Ammonia and some organic bases, such as ethanolamine and slag-triethanolamine, are also used to make soaps for special purposes.

In general, fatty acid salts obtained by saponifying or neutralizing oils, waxes, rosin, or fatty acids and alkalis can be called soaps. Soap is soluble in water and has washing and decontamination functions. The various types of soap include soap, also known as toilet soap, metal soap and compound soap.

Soap is a general term for metal salts of fatty acids. The carbon number of fatty acids in daily soap is generally 10-18. Metals are mainly alkali metals such as sodium or potassium.

Ammonia and some organic bases, such as ethanolamine and triethanolamine, are also used to make soaps for special purposes. Soaps include laundry soaps, soaps, metal soaps, liquid soaps, and related products such as fatty acids, hardened oils, glycerin, etc.

1. Soap is made of lard, mainly to dissolve, heat, roast and other materials such as lard, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), sodium chloride, ethanol and other materials.

2. In the Song Dynasty, there was a synthetic detergent, which is to crush and grind natural honey locust (also known as soap horn, hanging knife, soap locust, commonly known as soap horn), add spices and other substances to make an orange-sized Cong's ball, which is specially used for washing the face and bathing the body, commonly known as "soap ball". The Song people were careful about the "Old Things of Wulin", volume 6, "Little Brokerage", which recorded that in the Southern Song Dynasty, there were already businessmen who specialized in operating "soap groups" in Lin'an, Kyoto.

3. The Ming man Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" recorded the manufacturing method of "soap ball": fertilizer infiltration and scattered honey locust are born in the high mountains, the tree is tall, the leaves are like sandalwood and honey locust leaves, flowering in May and June, the pods are three or four inches, fat and fleshy, there are several sunspots in it, as big as a finger, not round, there are white kernels, edible. In October, the pods are picked, boiled and mashed, and the white flour and incense are used as pills, bathing the body, removing dirt and greasy, which is better than the honey locust.

In addition to natural honey locusts, plants such as soapberry and other plants have also been circulated among the people and become a good detergent.