What are the equations for ionization of hydrolysis that must be memorized in high school

Ionization of weak acids and weak bases Electrolysis of water Dual hydrolysis of galvanic cells Remember slowly.

The knowledge points of chemical hydrolysis ionization are as follows:Ionization. The process by which an electrolyte generates freely moving anions and cations in an aqueous solution or in a molten state.

The energy required to excite an electron from the ground state to the atom is called ionization, and the energy required at this time is called ionization potential energy.

For example, the energy of the ground state in a hydrogen atom is electron volts), and the ionization potential energy that ionizes the electrons is the ionization of the hydrolysis magnitude comparison method of positive combustion

In acidic solution, ionization is destroyed by hydrolysis, and hydrolysis can be ignored; In alkaline solutions, hydrolysis is greater than ionization. To determine its acidity and alkalinity, it can be determined according to the strength of the anions and cations in the solution, the yang is strong and the yin is weak, it is an acidic solution, and the ionization is greater than the hydrolysis; Yin is strong and yang is weak, it is an alkaline solution, and hydrolysis is greater than ionization.

Ionization. Ionization, or ionization, refers to the process by which atoms and molecules form ions under the action of physical energy. For example:

The ionization mouth is roughly subdivided into two types: one of continuous ionization and non-continuous ionization. In classical physics, only continuous ionization can occur.

Non-continuous ionization, on the other hand, violates several laws of physics and is quantum ionization.

Hydrolysis. <>

Hydrolysis is a chemical unit process that uses water to break down substances into new substances. Process. Hydrolysis is a reaction in which ions ionized by salt combine oxygen ions ionized from water and oxygen oxide ions to form weak electrolyte molecules.

Hydrolysis is a reaction between a substance and water that causes the decomposition of a substance (not necessarily a metathesis reaction), or it can be said that a substance reacts with oxygen ions or oxygen ions in water.

C(H+)=C(OH-)+C(NH3·H2O) The H+ in the solution comes from two parts, one is the ionization of water, and the concentration is equal to the concentration of OH-.

The other part is the hydrolysis of NH4+, and the concentration is equal to the concentration of NH3·H2O.

NH4+ +H2O= Reversible=NH3·H2O+H+ Charge Conservation: The positive charge of all cation bands in the solution is equal to the negative charge of all anion bands.

Conservation of materials: Some ions in the solution can be hydrolyzed or ionized, and the total number of some atoms in these particles does not change, and the ratio of the number of certain atoms does not change.

Conservation of protons: The amount of H+ and Oh- substances ionized by water is equal.

To solve this problem, you must first know what ionization is What is hydrolysisionionization is the process by which the electrolyte is dissociated into ions in water, such as H2SO4=(2H+)+SO42-), NaCl=(Na+)+Cl-)

Hydrolysis is the process by which certain ions in salt combine with hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in water to form a weak electrolyte. It can be regarded as the reverse process of acid-base neutralization, such as FeCl3+H2O=Fe(OH)3+3HCl

So, the ionization equation is different from the hydrolysis equation in terms of content, but they're both ionic equations in form, so let's take another example.

ha- +h2o=h3o+ +a2-, which is ionized and the water is not disassembled.

HA- +H2O=H2A + OH-, which is hydrolysis and the water is disassembled.

Bear in mind that both the ionization of weak electrolytes and the hydrolysis of salts are weak

So when to consider hydrolysis? When there is a weak electrolyte, the ionization of the weak electrolyte should be considered (of course, the strong electrolyte is completely ionized, which goes without saying). When there are strong acids and weak alkali salts, strong alkali and weak salts, weak alkali and weak salts, and in water, then the hydrolysis of salt substances should be considered.

Here are a few examples.

Writing of ionization equations and hydrolysis equations.

Example: The carbonic acid ionization equation is: H2CO3==2H+ +CO32- (note the reversible symbol).

Hydrolysis equation for sodium carbonate: CO32- +H2O== HCO3- +OH- (note that it is also a reversible symbol) In general, the hydrolysis equation for dibasic acids and above is written only in the first step ionization. If like AlCl3, not a dibasic acid, the hydrolysis equation is Al3+ +3H2O== Al(OH)3 + 3H+ (one step).

There are also the following questions:

For the dilution of weak acids and strong acids with water with the same pH, weak acid ionization should be considered.

For example, when carbonic acid and hydrochloric acid are diluted with the same pH with the same volume of water, the pH value of the diluted carbonic acid is lower than that of hydrochloric acid.

When a weak acid with the same pH reacts with a strong base in equal volume, the ionization of the weak acid should be considered.

For example, if a carbonic acid with the same pH reacts with an equal volume of NaOH, the solution should be weakly acidic.

Hydrolysis of salts should be considered when the reaction of an acid and a base in equal volume and concentration to produce hydrolyzable salts.

For example, the same volume of Al(OH)3 reacts with HCl, and AlCl3 is formed, and the solution is acidic due to the hydrolysis of AlCl3.

Attached: Ions of double hydrolysis in high school: Al3+ and S2-, HS-, CO32-, HCO3-, AlO2-; Fe3+ and AlO2-, CO32-, HCO3-; NH4+ and ALO2-, SiO32-

Anyway, no matter what the example is. Whenever a weak electrolyte is present, ionization of the weak electrolyte should be considered. When there are strong acids and weak alkali salts, strong alkali and weak salts, weak alkali and weak salts, and in water, then the hydrolysis of salt substances should be considered.

Thank you! Does the landlord still have any questions?

When the reactant is a weak acid [minus], ionization is considered.

1. The writing principle of ionization (hydrolysis) of multiple weak acids (multiple weak salts): step-by-step writing.

Example: ionization of H2S H2S H+ + Hs-; hs- h+ +s2-

Example: Hydrolysis of Na2S: H2O + S2- Hs- +OH- H2O + HS- H2S + OH- Note: Whether it is hydrolysis or ionization, it is determined by the first step, and the second step is generally quite weak.

2. The principle of ionization (hydrolysis) writing of multiple weak alkalis (multiple weak alkali salts): one-step writing.

Example: Al3+ +3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3H+

The following equation that belongs to the ionization equation is ab; Belonging to the hydrolysis equation is c

a、hco3- +h2o h3o+ +co32- b、baso4 == ba2+ +so42-

c、alo2- +2h2o al(oh)3 + oh- d、caco3(s) ca2+ +co32-

Hydrolysis is the reaction of weak ions.

Principles for writing hydrolysis equations.

Find the "weak" ions first, and then write the ion equations.

Due to the small degree of hydrolysis, there are few hydrolysate products. In general, do not write "=", and do not write the product (such as NH3·H2O, H2CO3) in the form of a decomposition product.

The hydrolysis of polyalytes is carried out step by step, but the first step is the main hydrolysis.

The poly weak alkali salts are also hydrolyzed in steps, but can be considered as a one-step process.

When both anion and ion are hydrolyzed, they promote each other, and the hydrolysis tends to be completely written" = " If one of the two has h, water is not written in the reactant, if not, it should be written; Trim is matched according to the conservation of charge.

Note: Common dihydrolyzed ions: Al3+ with S2-, HS-, CO32-, HCO3-, AlO2-; Fe3+ and AlO2-, CO32-, HCO3-; NH4+ and ALO2-, SiO32-

When the reactant is a monobasic weak acid [minus] yes, ionization is considered first, and hydrolysis is considered.

When the reactant is solid, it is impure in hydrolysis.

When doing questions such as the size of ions in solution.

Ionization, also known as ionization and ionization, refers to the process by which atoms and molecules form ions under the action of (physical) energy. Refers to the acquisition or loss of electrons by an atom or molecule gaining a negative or positive charge to form an ion, usually in combination with other chemical changes.

Definition of ionization.

The process by which an electrolyte dissociates into freely moving anions and cations in an aqueous solution or in a molten state.

Hydrolysis is a chemical unit process that uses water to break down substances to form new substances. It usually refers to the hydrolytic equilibrium of salts.

The hydrolysis of salts refers to the process in which the weak base cations or acid ions in the salts combine with the hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions produced by water ionization to form weak electrolytes.

The hydrolysis reaction is a reaction in which the salt reacts with water in the solution to change the acidity of the solution, which needs to be carried out under certain temperature conditions.

Directly see whether the water is involved in the metathesis reaction. Participation, that is, hydrolysis.

Ionization refers to the electrolyte, hydrolysis is just a fraction of the salt.

NaCl Anode 2Cl- -2E-==Cl2 Cathode 2H+ +2E-==H2 Total Reaction Formula: 2NaCl+2H2O= Energized = 2NaOH+Cl2 +H2 CuSO4 Anode: 2H2O -4E-==4H+ +O2 Cathode:

Cu2+ +2E-==Cu Total Reaction Formula: 2CuSO4+2H2O= Energized = 2Cu+O2 +2H2SO4 CuCl2 Anode: 2Cl- -2E-==Cl2 Cathode:

Cu2+ +2E-==Cu Total Reaction Formula: CuCl2=Energized=Cu+Cl2 HCl Anode: 2Cl- -2E-==Cl2 Cathode:

2H+ +2E-==H2 Total Reaction Formula: 2HCl=Energized=H2 +Cl2 Na2SO4 Anode: 4OH- -4E-=2H2O+O2 Cathode:

2H+ +2E-=H2 Total Reaction Formula: 2H2O=Energized=2H2 +O2 AgnO3 Anode: 2H2O-4E-===4H+ +O2 Cathode:

AG+ +E-==AG Total Reaction Formula: 4AGnO3+2H2O=Energized = 4AG+4HNO3+O2 KBR Anode: 2BR- -2E-==BR Cathode:

2H+ +2E-==H2 Total Reaction Formula: 2KBR+2H2O=Energized=BR2 +H2 +2KOH H2SO4 Anode: 4OH- -4E-=2H2O+O2 Cathode:

2H+ +2E-=H2 Total Reaction Formula: 2H2O=Energized=2H2 +O2 NaOH Anode: 4OH- -4E- =2H2O+ O2 Cathode:

2H+ +2E- =H2 Total Reaction Formula: 2H2O=Energized=2H2 +O2 Note: The electrolysis reaction does not play the precipitation symbol, because the electrolysis is an adsorption type!

Note: Rough as pure hand-hitting! No copy!

The total ion reaction equation is simpler than the total chemical equation of Yanqi, so the total chemical equation is played. (The ion equation is to use the anode equation + cathode equation) if necessary, please hi me.