Qu Yuan s Nine Songs, who is the Eastern Emperor Taiyi singing?

Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs: Donghuang Taiyi" is a song performed by a witch and praising the god of heaven, Donghuang Taiyi. One of them sings:

Raise the drumstick to beat the big drum, the soothing rhythm and the peaceful singing, the sheng and the serial line play in unison and sing loudly. The witch dance, the costumes are bright, the fragrance is permeated, the hall is filled, the five tones are intertwined, and the Eastern Emperor Taiyi is happy and healthy! ”

This poem vividly depicts the meeting of gods and men in a romantic and glorious sacrificial scene.

"Nine Songs" has a total of eleven articles: "Donghuang Taiyi", "Yunzhongjun", "Xiangjun", "Lady Xiang", "Da Si Ming", "Shao Si Ming", "Dong Jun", "Hebo", "Mountain Ghost", "National Martyrdom" and "Rite Soul".

Most of the passages describe the attachment between the gods, showing the sadness of deep longing or attempted request; The article "National Mourning" is to mourn and praise the soldiers who died in the battle for the Chu State.

Qu Yuan made it when he was exiled to Jiangnan, when Qu Yuan was "sorrowful, bitter, and depressed", so he made a song to worship the gods to express his thoughts and emotions. However, most modern researchers believe that it was made before exile and was only used for sacrificial purposes.

Nine songs are released

The Nine Songs consists of 11 chapters, and the predecessors have made various arrangements to make them conform to the number of "nine".

For example, Jiang Ji of the Qing Dynasty advocated that "Xiang Jun" and "Xiang Lady" should be one chapter, and "Da Si Ming" and "Shao Si Ming" should be one chapter.

Wen Yiduo's "What is Nine Songs" advocates that "Donghuang Taiyi" is the welcome divine comedy, "Rite Soul" is the divine comedy, and the middle nine chapters are the main text of "Nine Songs".

However, the opinion of the majority, with "nine" as an imaginary number, agrees with Wang Ming's "Interpretation of Chu Ci" and Wang Fuzhi's "General Interpretation of Chu Ci", holding that the first ten chapters are sacrifices to ten kinds of gods, and the ten kinds of gods sacrificed are closely related to the struggle for production and the competition for survival from the origin of ancient human religious thought.

Qu Yuan (c. 339 B.C., c. 278 B.C.). He was a poet and politician of Chu during the Warring States Period, and the founder and representative author of "Chu Ci". In the course of this century, he has been widely commemorated as a world cultural celebrity.

Qu Yuan's works, according to the proofreading of Liu Xiang, Liu Xin and his sons, and Wang Yi's annotations, have 25 articles, namely 1 article of "Lisao", 1 article of "Tianwen", 11 articles of "Nine Songs", 9 articles of "Nine Chapters", and 1 article each of "Far Travel", "Buju" and "Fisherman". According to Sima Qianyu in "Historical Records: The Biography of Qu Yuan", there is also 1 article of "The Conjuring". Qu Yuan's works, mentioned in the biography of "Historical Records", include "Lisao", "Tianwen", "Conjuring Spirits", "Lamentation", and "Huaisha".

Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles contains 25 articles of Qu Yuanfu, which are not listed. Wang Yi of the Eastern Han Dynasty also contains 25 chapters in "Chu Ci Chapters and Sentences", which are "Lisao", "Nine Songs" (counted as eleven articles), "Tianwen", "Nine Chapters" (nine articles), "Far Travel", "Buju", and "Fisherman", and "The Conjuring" is listed under the name of Song Yu ("Hanshu Yiwenzhi" is basically based on Liu Xiang, Liu Xin's father and son's "Seven Strategies", and "Chu Ci Chapters and Sentences" is a commentary on Liu Xiang's "Chu Ci"). So these two should be consistent).

It can be seen that there was controversy in the Han Dynasty about the attribution and authenticity of some of the works in these 25 articles. Generally speaking, most modern researchers believe that "The Conjuring" should still follow the "Historical Records" and be regarded as Qu Yuan's work; "Far Travel", "Buju", and "The Fisherman" are more likely to be pretended. Some scholars believe that "The Great Move" is also Qu Yuan's work; However, some people suspect that the following chapters of "Far Travel" and some chapters in "Nine Chapters" are not written by Qu Yuan.

In terms of linguistic form, Qu Yuan's works break through the four-character pattern of the Book of Songs, each sentence.

Five, six, seven, eight, nine characters, there are also three words, cross sentences, the syntax is uneven, flexible and changeable; At the end of the sentence, the word "Xi" is mostly used, as well as imaginary words such as "zhi", "yu", "hu", "husband" and "and", which are used to coordinate syllables, resulting in the rhyme of ups and downs, singing and sighing. In short, his work is immensely creative in both content and form.

Nine Songs: East Emperor Taiyi Nine Songs: Yunzhongjun Nine Songs:

Xiang Jun Nine Songs: Mrs. Xiang Nine Songs: The Great Si Ming Nine Songs:

Shao Si Ming Nine Songs: Dongjun Nine Songs: Hebo Nine Songs:

Mountain Ghost Nine Songs: National Mourning Nine Songs: Ritual Soul Lisao Tianwen Chapter 9:

Huaisha Chapter 9: Cherish the recitation Chapter 9: Shijiang Chapter 9:

Mourning Chapter 9: Reflections Chapter 9: Thinking of Beauty Chapter 9:

Cherish the Past Chapter 9: Ode to Orange Chapter 9: Sadness Returns to the Wind, Summoning Spirits, Great Moves, Far Travel, Buju, Fisherman.