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1. Definitions.
Information security risk assessment is a process that analyzes the asset value, potential threats, weak links, and protective measures taken of the information system with reference to risk assessment standards and management norms, judges the probability of security incidents and the losses that may be caused, and proposes risk management measures. When risk assessment is applied to the IT field, it is a risk assessment of information security.
Risk assessment has gradually transitioned from simple vulnerability scanning, manual audit, and penetration testing to the current universal use of international standards such as BS7799, ISO17799, and the national standard "Information System Security Level Evaluation Criteria", which fully embodies the comprehensive method and operation model of information security risk assessment with assets as the starting point, threats as the trigger, and vulnerabilities in technical management and operation as the inducement.
Second, the importance of risk assessment to enterprises.
Enterprises are increasingly dependent on information systems, and there are ubiquitous security threats and risks, and from the perspective of the needs of the organization's own business and the requirements of laws and regulations, it is more necessary to strengthen the management of information risks. Risk assessment is the foundation of risk management, which relies on the results of risk assessment to determine subsequent risk controls and review and approval activities, enabling organizations to accurately "position" risk management strategies, practices, and tools. In this way, the focus of security activities on important issues and the selection of cost-effective and applicable security countermeasures.
Risk assessment can clarify the security status of the information system, determine the main security risks of the information system, and is the basis for the construction of the information system security technology system and management system.
3. Steps of risk assessment:
Step 1: Describe the system characteristics.
Step 2: Identify threats (threat assessment).
Step 3: Identification of vulnerabilities (vulnerability assessment).
Step 4: Analyze the security controls.
Step 5: Determine the likelihood.
Step 6: Analyze the impact.
Step 7: Identify the risks.
Step 8: Make recommendations for security controls.
Step 9: Document the results of the assessment.
Fourth, the role of risk assessment.
The security of any system can be measured by the magnitude of the risk. The process of scientifically analyzing the security risks of the system and comprehensively balancing the risks and costs is the risk assessment. Risk assessment is not specific to a system, including information systems.
In daily life and work, risk assessment can also be seen everywhere, in order to analyze and determine the system risk and the size of the risk, and then decide what measures to take to reduce and avoid the risk, and control the residual risk within a tolerable range. People often ask questions like: Where and when could something go wrong?
How likely is it that something will go wrong? What are the consequences of these problems? What measures should be taken to avoid and remedy this?
And always try to figure out the most plausible answer. This process is effectively a risk assessment.
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Risk assessment is an assessment of the threat, impact, vulnerability and likelihood of occurrence of information and information processing facilities. It is the process of confirming security risks and their size, that is, using qualitative or quantitative methods, with the help of risk assessment tools, to determine the risk level and priority risk control of information assets.
Risk assessment is the most fundamental basis for risk management, the first-hand analysis of the security of existing networks, and one of the most important contents in the field of network security. Before conducting network security equipment selection, network security requirements analysis, network construction, network transformation, application system trial operation, intranet and extranet interconnection, online business data transmission with third-party business partners, e-government and other services, the enterprise conducts risk assessment to help the organization carry out organizational activities under a secure framework. It identifies the size of the risk through risk assessment, and controls the risk by formulating an information security policy and adopting appropriate control objectives and control methods, so that the risk can be avoided, transferred or reduced to an acceptable level.
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