Zhuge Liang has been preparing for the Battle of Qishan for so many years, why did he lose in the en

I believe that anyone who knows anything about history knows it, Zhuge Liang.

The credit to Shu is indelible, and what he does as a god-like figure is also very good, however, there are times when he fails. He carefully prepared for the Battle of Qishan for several years, but he did not expect to be declared a defeat in just over a month, which was very surprising. Why this battle was lost, many people blame the battle of the street pavilion.

Zhuge Liang's employment mistakes before the outbreak began, but what is the specific reason?

In fact, many people think that as early as Ma Tan.

Before the defeat of Jieting, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditionary army had major hidden dangers, which was also the main reason for the defeat of the Battle of Jieting and even the entire battle. But apart from this reason, there are other reasons that cause. First, there is a mistake in employing people.

Because Ma Yan, who was supposed to be stationed in Nanshan, did not hold on to intercept the enemy according to the plan, it was impossible to form a superiority in troops. In addition, in the face of such a critical situation, Zhuge Liang could not mobilize his troops against Zhang He.

Blocking again, he could only retreat to Hanzhong in a hurry, so as not to be completely annihilated by Cao's army.

Second, the geographical location is not conducive to the dispatch of troops and the mistakes in troop transfer. in the Northwest Territories.

Due to the vast territory and sparsely populated area, it can only deploy troops strategically and strategically, wait for reinforcements in the way of holding on to important places, and carry out counter-encirclement and annihilation of the invading enemy army. Therefore, when it was raided by the Northern Expeditionary Army, he could only wait for Zhang He to support the Northwest Battlefield. And in the face of such a tactical deployment, Zhuge Liang only sent Ma Tan to lead a group to intercept, and did not draw most of the troops from the army in the encirclement, which also led to the inability to form a military advantage over Zhang He's troops.

Third, Shu Han.

and Cao Wei's asymmetry in strength and tactical errors. At that time, when Zhuge Liang adjusted his tactics, in addition to part of the troops continuing to besiege Qishan Fort, the main force occupied Xixian, and then divided his troops to Tianshui, Anding, and Longxi.

and other counties to attack. Although this deployment triggered a response from the three counties, it also exposed a fatal weakness: the forces were too scattered and had been in a situation where they could not be attacked for a long time. Moreover, the original advantage in strength was also lost due to too much dispersion, giving Cao Jun an opportunity to take advantage of.

Because in the "Battle of Qishan" at that time, Zhuge Liang himself designed it, but he was too arrogant at that time, he didn't listen to others, but used people alone, resulting in the wrong person.

After the defeat of the Battle of Qishan, Zhuge Liang said that "in one person's ear" was the reason for the failure, indicating that Zhuge Liang was too confident in his own ability at that time, and the method of talent selection was biased.

In fact, Zhuge Liang's reputation is too great, in fact, he doesn't have that much ability, he is just a mortal.

There are many factors in losing a war, and Zhuge Liang at that time was because he believed in his own ability too much.

Although preparations have been made for a long time due to the influence of various factors, the situation of all parties and the employment of personnel also play an important role in winning or losing the war.

Zhuge Liang was blown out of the Western Jin Dynasty, the main purpose is to have a person like Zhuge Liang to assist the emperor, so that the power can smoothly pass into the hands of the emperor's crown prince, Zhuge Liang only 5 times to attack Wei, before and after 6 years, there is no credit.

Zhuge Liang has been preparing for the Battle of Qishan for so many years, but he believed in his strategy too much, resulting in the use of the wrong person, so he lost in the end.

Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan Liu, why did he not defeat Sima Yi, the promise is unclear: the unequal strength of Shu Han and Cao Wei and the geographical location of Shu Han are not conducive to sending troops.

Although it has been prepared for a long time, it is not necessarily possible to succeed, but it is a waste of money and money, and it is unpopular with the people, so how can it be successful.

Although Zhuge Liang knew that in the end, the Wu-Shu alliance would inevitably break down. Second, Wei has a large territory and sufficient resources, and it is obviously not possible to rely on a single-line battlefield to fight consumption, and third, in the Battle of Yiling, Lu Xun burned down the elite soldiers accumulated by the prime minister for decades. Fourth, the political composition of Shu was complex, and the internal group struggles were fierce.

Five times, from the end of the third to the fourth, Cao Wei organized a counterattack.

It is said that there are six out of Qishan, but in fact, only two times have been out of Qishan.

There will always be a day when capable people fail.

In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance to take the Xiegu Road, and asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to set up suspicious troops to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops, and he led a large army to attack Qishan (. The three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui and Anding in Longyou were anti-Wei and attached to Shu, and Guanzhong was resounding. Emperor Wei Ming in the west town of Chang'an, ordered Zhang He to lead 50,000 foot riders to go, and broke the horse in the street pavilion.

At the same time, Zhao Yun was outnumbered and lost to Keigu. Zhuge Liang is more than 1,000 families in Baxi County and returned to Hanzhong. The First Northern Expedition failed.

In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang took advantage of the Wei soldiers to go east, Guanzhong was weak, took the opportunity to go north, sent troops to disperse the pass (now southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to surround Chencang (now the east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), but was rejected by Wei general Hao Zhao, Zhuge Liang failed to persuade him to surrender, and the grain and grass did not continue, so he had to return to Hanzhong. Wei chased Wang Shuang and was beheaded.

In the spring of the seventh year of Zhuge Liang's Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (around Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yinping (around Wenxian County, Gansu Province). Yongzhou assassin Guo Huai led troops to rescue him, Liang went out to Jianwei (now west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), Guo Huai retreated, and then won the second county.

In the autumn of the eighth year of Jianxing (230), the Wei army attacked Hanzhong in three ways, Sima Yi went to Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He took the Meridian Valley, and Cao Zhen took the Xiegu Valley. Zhuge Liang garrisoned Chenggu (now east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Chisaka (now 20 miles east of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). After more than 30 days of heavy rain, the Wei army retreated.

In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yixi into Qiangzhong, and broke the Wei general Fei Yao (Yao) and Yongzhou Assassin Guo Huai in Yangxi (Nan'an County, in the southwest of Wushan in present-day Gansu Province).

In February of the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Zhuge Liang led a large army to attack Qishan, which was transported by wooden oxen. When Cao Zhen was seriously ill, Sima Yi supervised the generals in the Guanzhong to refuse. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shangqi (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province).

Sima Yi chased Liang to Lucheng (between Tianshui City and Gangu in Gansu Province today), dug the camp and defended himself, and there was a ridicule of "fearing Shu as fearing a tiger". According to the record of "Spring and Autumn of the Han Dynasty", in May of the same year, Zhuge Liang made Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, and Wu Ban refuse, and broke Sima Yi, and the Han army won the first 3,000 ranks, 5,000 Xuan armor, and 3,100 crossbows, so Sima Yi returned to the camp. In June, Li Yan was returned due to poor grain transportation.

Zhang He chased Liang and retreated to Mumen, and was killed by an arrow - this is the second out of Qishan.

In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang led the army out of Xiegu Road, according to Wugong Wuzhangyuan (now Qishannan, Shaanxi Province), Tuntian in Weibin, and Sima Yi against Weinan, and about Wu to send troops together. During this period, Zhuge Liang repeatedly sent envoys to write war letters, and also sent the ornaments of women to provoke Sima Yi, the king of Xuan, but Sima Yi could not hold on to the humiliation, and calmed the anger with the clever plan of "asking for war for thousands of miles". Zhuge Liang divided his troops into the fields, and grew grain and self-sufficiency with the people of Wei in the territory of Wei, and planned to stay there for a long time, but Zhuge Liang was seriously ill due to too much work.

6 out of Qishan, ended in failure.

1. The national strength of Shu Han is weak.

2. Cao Wei's strength is strong (the number of prefectures and counties is 8 times that of Shu Han, not to mention the population base and the cultivation of talents) 3. Offensive and defensive trends (in ancient times, the attacker's strength was at least 3 times that of the city could be broken) 4. The terrain of Yizhou is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack, but it is not easy to go out, and it is difficult to run food, and it is impossible to help at all, so when he came out of Qishan, Zhuge Liang already had the idea and action of stockpiling grain on the spot in the Weishui area, if Zhuge Liang did not die, step by step, and gradually eroded, as long as he took Chang'an, Tongguan, Wuguan and other places It can form a confrontation between Qin and the Six Kingdoms during the Warring States Period, and it will be difficult to say the result at that time.

5, Cao Zhen, Guo Huai, Sima Yi and others who confronted Zhuge Liang were all momentary heroes When Jiang Wei invaded the Central Plains for the ninth time, Cao Wei had Chen Tai, Deng Ai, Zhong Hui and others These people are not bad in terms of wisdom and strategy, and they can only hold on to each other with national strength But what Shu Han lacks is precisely the national strength When Cao Wei's talents were doubled, Shu Han's talents withered (mentioned in the later division table) Green and yellow are not connected, and the successor is weak.

So Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition failed.

Another: Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan six times and captured Meng seven times.

I think the most important thing is that he doesn't get the firm support of Shu ** (or the monarch), Liu Chan is originally a person who doesn't have much opinions. Those who have watched the Romance of the Three Kingdoms know that the queen Liu Chan has been shaken many times and tried to defend Shuzhong, of course, this. Secondly, it should be that the food and grass of the Shu army are not good, and there has been a shortage of military food for many times, and most of them are retired due to lack of grain and grass.

Shu is poor, the Lord is weak, and it is not **.

History proves that no one succeeds from there, Zhuge is the beginning, but everyone remembers him because of failure.

Poor soldiers, labor and money.

Regardless of the gains and losses, the march to the Central Plains won for a while, but lost the strategic contrast between strength and weakness, so it was bound to lose.

Obviously, he had met an opponent, and if it hadn't been for Sima Yi, he would have destroyed the Wei state long ago.

The preparation of grain and grass is insufficient, and there are no available generals in Shu.

1.The weakness of Shu, Shu belongs to a country that is strong outside and dry in the middle, there are too many domestic contradictions, and the emperor is cowardly!

2.The strength of the Wei State, the Wei State has gone through a series of policies such as Cao Cao and Cao Pi's Tuntian, and the national foundation is very good, and there are many talents!

3.The third is the most stable number, learning mathematics should know that the triangle is the strongest, and the round tripod is also three-legged, which is just like the Three Kingdoms, Wei, Shu and Wu Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu Campaign, Wu State will not understand that any country is not good for him, Wei State is defeated Shu is strong, Wu State will be destroyed, Wei State annexed Shu State, Wu State will also be destroyed! It's a balance that's hard to break!

Labor and money, the enemy is strong and I am weak, and the latter is cowardly.

At that time, after Liu Bei's tossing, Shu Han's strength was much lower than that of Eastern Wu and Cao Wei. When Zhuge Liang was out of Qishan, there were relatively few generals available around him, and the five tiger generals at this time basically died. And Zhuge Liang is facing an old and cunning person like Sima Yi, so failure is inevitable.

Because the treasury of the war was empty and the people were struggling to make a living, the foundation was unstable, and the follow-up resources could not keep up.

Even saints sometimes make mistakes, although Zhuge Liang is very powerful, he can't always make mistakes, the time and place are not in harmony, and the mistakes of reusing generals are all reasons for failure.

That's how it should be. Of course, there are objective reasons, Shu Han's talent is indeed too weak compared to Cao Wei and Eastern Wu. And the Shu road is difficult and dangerous, which is indeed very unfavorable for them.

There must be objective reasons for failure every time, coupled with frequent conquests, the national strength cannot keep up, so it will fail every time.

Zhuge Liang's strategy is right, but at the end of Shu's strong crossbow, the front line was supported by Jiang Wei alone, the grain and grass in the rear were insufficient, Zhuge Liang made mistakes in employing people, and both the people and soldiers in the perennial Northern Expedition had run out of patience.

The first is that the Han family is gradually declining, and everyone has no heart to fight, and the second is that the people do not support it, and if they lack the support of the people, how can they win.

It shows that Zhuge Liang is not a god, and many problems are still not clarified, and without a clear understanding, it is impossible to formulate a correct strategy.

The real Zhuge Liang in history is not as powerful as everyone thinks, not to mention that no matter how powerful a person is, it is impossible to succeed all the time.

In fact, in my opinion, Zhuge Liang will fail every time he goes on an expedition, which is already a historical inevitability. At that time, there were actually relatively big problems within Shu, and the most serious point was that there was no one who could take on great responsibilities in Shu, and there was no general who could be sent out to defeat others. Secondly, at that time, the Shu Kingdom had already begun to decline, and there was no potential for continued victory and development.