What four decays have the history of ancient defense?

<> the early period of ancient China, that is, from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, national defense developed day by day, and continued to grow stronger and stronger to the point of its peak. In the later period, from the Middle Tang Dynasty to the Two Song Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty, China's national defense became increasingly decaying, so that it collapsed at the touch of a button and was out of control. In the meantime, although there were two Jin Dynasty erosions before the Tang Dynasty, and there were revitalizations in the early Ming and Qing dynasties after the Tang Dynasty, on the whole, the basic trend of China's ancient national defense industry was from weak to strong, and then from strong to declining.

Judging from the Han, Tang, Ming, and Qing dynasties, the national defense cause also flourished and flourished, and from prosperity to decline.

If you fall behind, you will be beaten! Poor countries have no diplomacy!

The armed forces must be in the hands of the people and the political power that has the ability to do and take responsibility, and military personnel must be loyal to their motherland and the people and have iron-clad discipline.

Well-equipped and well-equipped materials are the basis for winning battles.

The Great Wall of China, a military fortification in ancient China, is a tall, strong and continuous wall to limit the movement of enemy cavalry. The Great Wall is not a simple isolated city wall, but a defense system with the city wall as the main body and a large number of cities, barriers, pavilions and beacons.

Construction of the Great Wall. First, the law of construction.

The construction of the Great Wall is based on the basic principle of "controlling congestion according to the terrain and danger". "Terrain-dependent" refers to the construction of projects according to the terrain conditions, and the selection of appropriate building materials by making full use of the local natural resources. "Suppressing the enemy according to the danger" mainly refers to the use of geographical natural dangers to resist the enemy.

This principle is good for defense and can also save building materials.

2. Building materials and construction methods.

The construction of the Great Wall lasted for more than 2,000 years from the Spring and Autumn Period to the late Ming Dynasty. Due to the different levels of productivity and technology in different eras, as well as the different military situations faced by various regimes, the Great Wall built in successive dynasties was different from each other in terms of structure, construction methods and shapes. Due to the differences in geographical conditions, even the Great Wall built in the same era has different appearances.

In terms of the development of different historical periods and city building technology, the Great Wall built by the previous dynasties of the Northern Wei Dynasty was mainly based on rammed earth, the Great Wall of masonry structure appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty widely used the stone masonry method, the brick masonry method, and the masonry mixing method, and the observation from the cross-section contained trigonometry applications, especially in the consolidation of steep slopes.

In view of the different geographical conditions of different places along the Great Wall, the materials required for the construction of the Great Wall are all based on the principle of "adapting measures to local conditions".

Cui Bao's "Ancient and Modern Notes: Duyi" said: "The Great Wall built by Qin is purple in color, and so is the Han Dynasty, so the clouds are purple. "In the mountains, the mountains are opened to take the stone walls; In the loess zone, it is built with rammed earth; In the desert, it is built with reeds or wicker and layers of sand.

In addition, in addition to setting up kilns to fire or cut down the bricks, tiles, lime and wood used to build walls, the government also has a special department**.

3. Length. Due to the age, most of the Great Wall of the early dynasties are incomplete, and the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty is relatively intact, so people generally refer to the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, and the length of the Great Wall is the length of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.

On April 18, 2009, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping jointly announced that the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty runs from Hushan in Liaoning Province in the east to Jiayuguan in Gansu Province in the west, and travels from east to west through 156 counties in ten provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) of Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai, with a total length of kilometers. After thousands of kilometers of trenches, the natural natural danger is kilometers.

On June 5, 2012, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage announced on the Juyongguan Great Wall in Beijing that after nearly five years of investigation, the total length of the Great Wall of China is 1,000 kilometers, including 43,721 Great Wall heritages such as walls, moats, single buildings, fortresses and related facilities.

This is the first time in China that the total length of the Great Wall has been scientifically and systematically measured. The survey and identification of the Great Wall not only identified the length of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty measured in 2009, but also carried out a resource survey of the Great Wall in the Qin, Han and other eras.

The Great Wall, a very fortified city built in various military locations.

Mainly to build cities, good at defense.

The vast majority of China's defense history - city guarding.

In the era of special cattle, there were foreign wars, such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, which took offense as defense.

There is also a political strategy, called razing to defeat raze. Use the state of ethnic minorities to deal with the countries of ethnic minorities, divide them, and turn against them.

It ensured the continuation of Chinese civilization.

Aren't the main national defense achievements the Great Wall and the beacon tower?

China's ancient national defense began in the 21st century B.C. from the Xia Dynasty to the Opium War in 1840 A.D., with a long history.

The city is the earliest and largest number of projects in China's ancient national defense construction.

It began in the Shang Dynasty, and then the scale continued to expand, and the structure became more and more perfect, and the offensive and defensive operations of the city also became one of the main characteristics of ancient warfare in China.

The Great Wall is an extension and development of the construction of the city, which began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in order to defend against the southern invasion of the Xiongnu in the north after the Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great water conservancy project in ancient China, which began in the 5th century BC and experienced two large-scale expansions in the 7th and 13th centuries, widening and coherent the original old river channel, forming a Grand Canal with a total length of 1794 kilometers from Tongzhou in the north to Hangzhou in the south, connecting many states and counties in the north and south into a line, and becoming the main artery of military transportation and grain transportation from the south to the north. Branches.

It has a significant military and economic role.

In the 14th century, the Ming Dynasty successively built a coastal defense engineering system that combined with the city, the new city as the backbone, the water and land village, the Ying Fort, the pier, the platform, the beacon and so on, which played an important role in resisting the invasion of the Japanese invaders.

China's ancient national defense began in the Xia Dynasty in the 21st century BC and ended in the Opium War in 1840 AD.

China's ancient national defense mainly includes the city, the Great Wall, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and coastal defense

1. The city is the earliest and largest number of projects in the construction of the ancient national collapse in China, which began in the era of the quotient, and then the scale continued to expand and the structure was increasingly perfected, and the offensive and defensive operations of the city also became one of the main characteristics of China's ancient wars;

2. The Great Wall is an extension and development of the construction of the city, which began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in order to defend against the southern invasion of the Xiongnu in the north after Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms;

3. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great water conservancy project in ancient China, which began in the 5th century BC and experienced two large-scale expansions in the 7th century and the 13th century, widening and connecting the original old river channel, connecting many states and counties in the north and south into a line, becoming the main artery of military transportation and grain transportation from the south to the north, and having a major military and economic role;

4. Coastal defense is from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, in the 14th century, the Ming Dynasty successively built a coastal defense engineering system with Fangcheng and Xincheng as the backbone in important coastal areas, and a combination of water and land villages, Yingbao, piers, Taiwans, and beacons, which played an important role in resisting the invasion of the Japanese invaders.

Four prosperous periods of ancient Chinese national defense: Qin, Han, Tang and Yuan.

Ancient Chinese national defense has experienced a history of about 4,000 years from the establishment of the Xia Dynasty in the 21st century BC to the outbreak of the Opium War in 1840 AD.

The Great Wall is the continuation and development of the construction of the city, which was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the unification of the six kingdoms of Qin, in order to defend against the southern invasion of the northern Xiongnu, in 214 BC, the Great Wall in the north of the three kingdoms of Qin, Zhao and Yan was repaired and coherent.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Two Song Dynasties, and the late Qing Dynasty after the Opium War.

The period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, the prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, the period of the Great Yuan Empire, and the period of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Empire.

The Great Qin Empire, the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Yuan dynasty, and the Genghis Khan period, these eras were very extensive.

Han attacks the Xiongnu; Sui attacked Goguryeo; Tang expelled the Turks; Ming extinguishes Meng Yuan.