Which four are included in the four histories, and which one do you know?

The four histories generally refer to the first four histories, including Sima Qian's "Historical Records", Ban Gu's "Book of Han", Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han", and Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms". I know a little about the first four histories, so let me introduce them below.

The "Historical Records" records a total of more than 3,000 years of history from the Yanhuang mythological era in ancient times to the era of Emperor Wu in the Western Han Dynasty. I think everyone should be very familiar with this book, and when I read it, I should have used materials like Taishi Gong enduring humiliation and rewriting historical records after being tortured by the palace. Mr. Lu Xun praised the "Records of the Historians" as "the rhymeless separation, the swan song of the historians", and the "Records of the Historians" was the first to open the style of biography, and later generations of historians would refer to the paradigm of the "Records of the Historians" when they revised the history books.

The Book of Han and the Book of Han were revised in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which mainly recorded the history of more than 200 years from the Gaozu period of the Western Han Dynasty to the Wang Mang period of the New Dynasty. When Ban Gu was revising the "Book of Han", he died because he was involved in the political struggle of the imperial court, and there were still eight tables and one ambition that were not completed. Later, Ban Gu's sister Ban Zhao finished writing the remaining eight tables, and Ban Zhao's protégé Ma continued to compile the final astronomical chronicles.

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty was compiled in the Southern Dynasties, and the whole book recorded the history of nearly two hundred years from the period of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the period of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty follows the style pioneered by the previous Historical Records, but with some innovations. The part of the Zhi in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty was completed by Fan Ye and Xie Yan together, but at that time, Fan Ye was involved in the rebellion case and died, Xie Yan destroyed all the parts of the Zhi in order to clear up the relationship with Fan Ye, and only the biography part of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty remained.

According to the time when the Three Kingdoms was written, the Three Kingdoms was written earlier than the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and the Three Kingdoms was written in the Western Jin Dynasty. Due to the reasons of the times at that time, there was no table and chronicle in the "Three Kingdoms", which was only the case in the "Three Kingdoms" in the twenty-four histories.

The four calendars include the "Historical Records", the "Book of Han", the "Book of the Later Han" and the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", the more famous is the "Historical Records", which is the first general history in Chinese history.

The four histories include "Historical Records", "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", and "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", I know more about the "Historical Records", this book is written in the style of chronicles, describing the history from antiquity to the early Han Dynasty, and has a far-reaching influence on the history books of later generations.

Historical Records", "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", the most well-known "Historical Records", is the first general history of China in the form of biographies, the content is detailed and interesting, and has strong readability.

The four histories are as follows:

1. "Historical Records".

Historical Records, first known as "Taishi Gongshu" or "Taishi Gongji", is a chronicle of the history of Sima Qian (Taishi Gong), who served as Taishi Ling during the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, which records a total of 2,500 years of Chinese history from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the early years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The book includes 12 volumes of the Honki, 30 volumes of the family, 70 volumes of biography, 10 volumes of tables, and 8 volumes of books, with a total of 130 volumes and more than 526,500 words. The original manuscript of the book was lost at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and the oldest surviving fragment of historical records is the manuscript of the Six Dynasties of China in the collection of Kozanji Temple in Kyoto, Japan; The oldest surviving complete historical record is the "Collection of Historical Records" of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is now stored in the Institute of History and Linguistics of the ** Research Institute in Taiwan.

2. Book of Han

The Book of Han, also known as the Book of the Former Han, is an ancient Chinese historical work. Written by Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is the first chronicle of the Chinese dynasty. Following the style of the "Historical Records" and slightly changing, changing "book" to "chronicle", "biography" to "biography", changing "Benji" to "Ji", and no "family".

The book includes 12 chapters, 8 tables, 10 chronicles, and 70 biography, a total of 100 articles, recording a total of 229 years of history from the first year of Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (206 years ago) to the fourth year of the emperor of the New Dynasty (23 years). The language of the Book of Han is solemn and neat, with many couples, and elegant sentences and sentences, which is in stark contrast to the smooth colloquial writing of the Historical Records.

3. Book of the Later Han Dynasty

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is a chronicle of the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty, written by Fan Ye (398-445) during the Liu and Song dynasties of the Southern Dynasty. This book is divided into 10 periods, 80 biographies and 8 chronicles (the eight chronicles are added from Sima Biao's "Continuation of the Han Book"), which records the 195-year history from the reign of Emperor Guangwu (25 years) to the Han Xian Emperor Chan Rang (220 years).

4, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms is a historical account of the Chinese dynasties written by the historian Chen Shou at the end of the 3rd century shortly after the end of the Three Kingdoms period. The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms records the dynastic history of the Three Kingdoms era in China, and is also one of the highest-rated "first four histories" among the 24 histories. Later, Pei Songzhi, a historian of the Liu and Song dynasties of the Six Dynasties, made a detailed annotation of the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" based on the books related to the Three Kingdoms that were circulated at that time.

"Historical Records", "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms".

Historical Records is a biography of the Bureau Chachang written by the Western Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian for 14 years. It is the first general history in Chinese history, which is listed as the first of the 24 histories, and is praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, the "Lisao" without rhyme". The book records the history of more than 3,000 years from the time of the legendary Yellow Emperor in ancient times to the first four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Historical Records, known as "Taishi Gongshu" or "Taishi Gongji", is a historical book written by the Western Han historian Sima Qian for 14 years. It is the first general history in Chinese history, which is listed as the first of the 24 histories, and is praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, the "Lisao" without rhyme". The book records the history of more than 3,000 years from the time of the legendary Yellow Emperor in ancient times to the first four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

The method of compiling history in the form of chronicles pioneered by him has been inherited by the official histories of later dynasties, and has had a profound impact on the development of historiography and literature in later generations.

The Book of Han, also known as the Book of the Former Han Dynasty, is the first chronicle of the Chinese dynasty compiled by the historian Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, and it is also one of the "Twenty-four History". The whole book includes 12 chapters, 8 tables, 10 chronicles, and 70 biography, a total of 100 Tong Pao, which records the history of 230 years from the first year of Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC) to the fourth year of Emperor Mangdi of the New Dynasty (23 AD).

The Four Histories refer to the Records of the Historians, the Book of Han, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, which are the first four of the 24 official histories.

The four histories occupy a very important position in the history books, giving readers a vivid historical picture, so which four books do the four histories refer to? Let's find out.

01 "Historical Records".

There are a total of 130 articles in the book, which are divided into five forms: the book, the book, the table, the family, and the biography. A type of biography, which mainly records the affairs of the princes. The author is Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty.

The Historical Records was written from 104 BC to 91 BC, originally there was no title, Sima Qian completed this masterpiece and gave it to the scholar Dongfang Shuo at that time, Dongfang Shuo admired it very much, and added the word "Taishi Gong" to the book.

02 "Book of Han".

Also known as the Book of the Former Han Dynasty, compiled by the historian Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China, it is China's first chronicle of the dynastic history and one of the "Twenty-four History". The Book of Han is another important historical book in ancient China after the Records of the Historians, and is known as the "First Four History" together with the Records of the Historians, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. The Book of Han mainly describes the historical events of 230 years from the first year of Han Gaozu (206 BC) in the Western Han Dynasty to the fourth year of Wang Mangdi Emperor (23 AD) in the New Dynasty.

The Book of Han includes 12 chapters, 8 tables, 10 chronicles, and 70 biography, a total of 100 articles, and the descendants are divided into 120 volumes, with a total of 800,000 characters.

03 Book of the Later Han Dynasty

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is a chronicle of the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty, known as the "Four History" together with the "Historical Records", "Book of Han" and "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms". The book is divided into 10 epochs, 80 biographies and eight orange shades (Sima Yuan Yingbiao's sequel), recording the 195-year history from Wang Mang to Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.

04 "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms is a chronicle of the history of the country compiled by Chen Shou of the Western Jin Dynasty, which mainly records the period of the establishment of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, and records in detail the history of 60 years from the first year of Emperor Wen of Wei (220) to the first year of Taikang of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty (280), which is highly respected by later generations. And change.

05 "Three Kingdoms" is not only a historical masterpiece, but also a literary masterpiece. On the basis of respecting historical facts, Chen Shou drew portraits of the characters of the Three Kingdoms for people in concise and beautiful language. The characters are very vividly portrayed.