Who has made the greatest contribution to astronomical research and what is the significance

Astrometeorological achievements:

The earliest scientific astronomical knowledge in ancient China may be the Spring and Autumn Period of the Spring and Autumn Period described in Xia Xiaozheng, when a large number of knowledge about the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth appeared.

In the Han Dynasty, the three theories of covering the sky, Xuanye, and Hun Tian have taken shape.

Zhang Heng is the master of the Hun Tian theory.

The Han Dynasty used a variety of hybenths to observe the direction of the wind. The simplest one is called "vision".

Humidity was also observed earlier. According to the records of "Historical Records of Heavenly Officials" and "Huainan Zi Tianwen Xun", it is used"Hanging charcoal"method.

1) Pre-Qin Period: The Spring and Autumn period, leaving behind the exact record of the world's recognized first Halley's Comet. According to the Spring and Autumn Period, in 613 B.C., "a star entered the Beidou", that is, Halley's Comet, which was recorded more than 600 years earlier than in Europe.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, China's calendar has formed its own fixed system, basically establishing the principle of 19 years and 7 leaps, which is 160 years older than the West. During the Warring States Period, the world's earliest astronomical work "Ganshi Xingjing" appeared, which has rich astronomical records and reflects people's understanding of astronomy during that period.

2) Han and Han dynasties: During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, astronomers formulated the first relatively complete almanac in China, the Taichu Calendar, and began to start with the first lunar month. The record of sunspots in the Western Han Dynasty is recognized by the world as the earliest record of sunspots.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng made the earliest scientific explanation for the lunar eclipse from the different positions of the sun, moon and earth. Zhang Heng invented and produced a geodynamic instrument, which can telemealy measure the direction of thousands of miles of accidents, more than 1,700 years earlier than Europe.

3) Sui and Tang dynasties: The "Great Yan Calendar" formulated by the Tang Dynasty astronomer monk and his entourage accurately reflected the laws of the sun's movement and was systematically thorough, indicating the maturity of the ancient Chinese calendar system. The monk and his entourage are also the founders of the world's scientific method to measure the length of the earth's meridian.

In the course of actual measurements, he realized that the understanding obtained in a small and limited space cannot be arbitrarily deduced to a large area or even an infinite space, and this is a great progress in the history of scientific thought in China.

4) Song and Yuan dynasties: The outstanding contribution of the Northern Song Dynasty scientist Shen Kuo was in astronomy, which made the "Twelve Qi Calendar", which completely unified the 24 solar terms and the 12 months of the four seasons, more simple, which was conducive to agricultural arrangements. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Taishi Bureau was established to compile a new calendar.

Guo Shoujing, an outstanding astronomer of the Yuan Dynasty, put forward the correct proposition that "the foundation of the calendar lies in the test, and the instrument of the test is not the first instrument", created nearly 20 astronomical observation instruments such as the simple instrument and the high meter, and presided over the astronomical measurement nationwide. Guo Shoujing presided over the compilation of the "Grant Calendar", the cycle of the year is basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but it came out 300 years earlier than the current Gregorian calendar.

Ancient Chinese astronomy can be traced back to the early ancient cultures and has lasted for thousands of years. Here are just a few of the great achievements of ancient Chinese astronomy:

Ephemeris and astronomical observations.

Ancient China made many achievements in the compilation of ephemeris and astronomical observations. Through continuous observation and recording of the movement of celestial bodies, Chinese astronomers have developed detailed and accurate ephemeris and lunar calendars, discovering the sun, moon, five planets, and more than 60 stars throughout the day. These results helped the ancient Chinese understand the laws of the universe and the interaction between celestial bodies.

Large-scale astronomical instruments.

One of the earliest large-scale astronomical observation devices in ancient China was the water transport instrument, which could be used to measure scales and determine time. Later, there were more advanced instruments in ancient China, such as the Shi Tian Xing Instrument, the Gai Tian Instrument, and the Water Transport Si Nan Instrument. The invention and use of these astronomical instruments provided strong support and guarantee for the observation of celestial bodies in ancient times.

Explanation of celestial phenomena.

Ancient Chinese astronomers gave very accurate and independent explanations of some astronomical phenomena. For example, the ancient Chinese discovered the phenomenon of the moon and the sun rising and setting alternately, and put forward the view that "the moon is cloudy and sunny". This idea became the official explanation for the change in the phases of the moon and was confirmed in later developments.

Astronomical measurement methods.

Ancient Chinese astronomers also proposed many astronomical measurement methods, such as the method of determining the meridian by using the shadow of the sun, the method of determining the celestial equator and the ecliptic, and the method of determining the geographical longitude by using the right ascension of the star. These methods play an important role in measuring spatial distances, determining azimuth locations, and mapping.

In general, the many great achievements made by ancient China in astronomy have laid the foundation for the development of science and technology in ancient China, and have also made important contributions to the development of astronomy in the world and the exploration of the universe by mankind.

What did the invention of astronomy do for mankind?

Astronomy has a role in promoting the progress of human civilization and the development of natural science, astronomy is not only one aspect of human beings in order to understand the world and transform the world, we know that astronomy is not only beneficial to human life, but also helps human beings understand the past of n billion years. That is to say, astronomy, which is mainly used to observe and study the science between the universes. <>

What are the specific aspects of the invention of astronomy?

The role of astronomy is mainly manifested in 4 aspects:

The first astronomy is one of the engines of the development of basic science, such as the study of the movement of celestial bodies in the solar system, which directly led to the establishment of Newton's mechanical system, and randomly triggered the first scientific and technological revolution. <>

Second, are there other planets in the universe that are suitable for survival, how did life originate, and is human existence unique? Whether there is talk of other intelligent races, and whether humans can immigrate to alien planets in the distant future, the question is solved. <>

The third point is that astronomy can provide laboratories with extreme conditions, and the progress of science also needs to be proved through a large number of experiments, and many experiments under extreme conditions such as high energy and high magnetic fields can verify the truth or falsehood, and there are many astrophysical phenomena in the universe, such as pulsars, supernova explosions, new bodies and new natural physical processes that provide extremely high conditions, and these astronomical phenomena can help people test theories.

Fourth, to satisfy the curiosity of human beings, astronomical research has existed for a long time in human history, such as asking how big the universe is, how the world came into being, where life comes from, and whether time has a starting point, which are all questions that we have been concerned about.

Conclusion: Astronomy is the science of human understanding of the universe, the cradle of the modern scientific revolution, and one of the sources of human progress.

Astronomy is one of the engines of the development of basic science: astronomy is concerned with the most forward-looking issues. The formulation and solution of these problems is of great significance to the study of the basic theories of natural science.

Astronomical observations have discovered the existence of dark matter and dark energy, and the study of black holes is a central problem in the theory of quantum gravity. Once these problems are solved in the future, it will greatly promote the collapse of the basic theories of the natural sciences. The progress of basic theories is a necessary condition for the progress of human science and technology.

The first point is that the greatest effect of human invention is to be able to understand some things outside the universe, and the second point is that the greatest manifestation is to be able to be more thorough in some literature and big research. Limb shed.

Let human beings have a more credible, more interested in astronomy, so as to better study the development of the stars, and now there are astronomy majors, many students have made new discoveries in astronomy.

The emergence of Newtonian mechanics, the discovery of nuclear energy and other events that play an important role in human civilization are closely related to astronomical research, and at present, the study of high-energy astrophysics, compact stars and the evolution of the universe can greatly promote the development of modern science.

The history of astronomy has been at least five or six thousand years, and it occupies a very important position in the history of early human civilization.

Copernicus's heliocentrism, which liberated the natural sciences from theology, and Kant's and Laplace's theory of the nebula of the origin of the solar system opened the first gap in the eighteenth-century metamorphosis view of nature.

The study of the sun and solar system bodies, including the Earth and artificial satellites, has many applications in aerospace, geodesy, communication and navigation, and astronomy originated from the acquisition of seasons and divination activities of ancient humans.

China is one of the earliest countries in the world to develop astronomy, and has accumulated a large number of valuable astronomical data over thousands of years, which has attracted the attention of astronomers from all over the world. In terms of the number of literature, astronomy can be ranked alongside mathematics, second only to agriculture and medicine, and is one of the four most developed natural sciences in ancient China.

Astronomical observation is another major element of ancient Chinese astronomy, which includes the methods, instruments and records of astronomical observations. Ancient Chinese astronomical observation instruments were mainly armillary spheres, which were different from the ecliptic devices used in Greece, which were always used in China. For more than 2,000 years, China has preserved rich records of solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, lunar occultations, sunspots, meteors, comets, novas, etc., which are important reference materials for modern astronomy.

The armillary sphere is a general term for the armillary sphere and the armillary sphere. An armillary sphere is an instrument that measures the spherical coordinates of celestial bodies, while an armillary sphere is a meter used to demonstrate celestial phenomena in ancient times. They were made by Zhang Heng, an astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China.

The armillary sphere in the West was first invented by Eratosthenes in 255 BC. The Portuguese flag has an armillary sphere painted on it. Since Manue I, the armillary sphere has become the symbol of the country.