Are autoimmune diseases hereditary?

Not necessarily, if the autoimmune disease is caused by changes in the genetic material due to other reasons such as consanguineous marriage and embryonic development, it is likely to be passed on to offspring, but if it is acquired, the autoimmune disease is generally not passed on to the offspring. Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by the body's immune response to autoantigens, resulting in damage to its own tissues. Many diseases have been listed as autoimmune diseases, and it is worth mentioning that the existence of autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases are not two equivalent concepts, and autoantibodies can exist in normal people without autoimmune diseases, especially the elderly, such as anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroid epithelial cell antibodies, gastric parietal cell antibodies, nuclear DNA antibodies, etc.

Sometimes, the production of autoantibodies can be triggered by damaged or antigenically altered tissues, such as in myocardial ischemia, in which necrotic myocardium can lead to the formation of anti-myocardial autoantibodies, but these antibodies are not causative and are a secondary immune response. <>

Autoimmunity has a genetic component (identical twins are more likely to develop than fraternal twins), but it does not necessarily mean that certain genetic defects will lead to autoimmune diseases. Also, autoimmunity does not necessarily lead to autoimmune disease. The exact mechanism of autoimmunity is still inconclusive, and the most widely accepted theory is that genetic defects play a dual role in environmental factors.

Let's talk about genes first: the specificity of immune cells is a random process in which there will inevitably be combinations with autologous antigen reactions. At this time, there is a tolerance mechanism to prevent this from happening, and it can be roughly divided into two categories: ** (thymus bone marrow) and peripheral according to location.

In the thymus, the transcription factor aire expresses an autologous antigen that immune cells may encounter around the body to immature T cells, and if the cell activates it, it is automatically deleted (in the bone marrow, B cells try to modify the gene and are deleted if they still respond). Suppose that something goes wrong in this process, such as a defect in the gene encoding the aire factor, it will make it easier for immune cells to react with their own antigens. Some autologous antigens are difficult for immune cells to come into contact with (e.g., nuclear antigens), so even immune cells that react to this are not a problem.

But if the cells are damaged (UV exposure, inflammation, etc.) and these proteins are exposed, the T B cells that are specific to these are activated and react. This is where peripheral tolerance mechanisms come into play: by regulating T cells (TREG) or T cells themselves (deletion of the CD80 86 receptor in the activated target, inhibition of the CTLA-4 protein, or long-term multiple T cell activation (AICD mechanism)), to turn off or simply kill these activated immune cells.

Of course, genes involved in these processes can also be defective, such as the HLA gene (which encodes the major histocompatibility complex protein MHC). If these genetic defects are present and exposed to the right environmental exposures (UV rays, infections, inflammation, or even drugs, hormones, stress, etc.), a population of immune cells that are sensitive to autoantigens can be successfully activated. <>

If you have poor eating habits, such as eating too many processed foods such as meatloaf, fish nuggets, cereals, etc., using soaps containing antibiotics, and washing utensils may also be associated with the number of people who develop autoimmune disease. There are quite a few studies in North America that are collecting data

And now research shows that picky eating and exposure to antibiotics in early childhood are particularly obvious (I think this is nonsense, people are not growing in reverse, and if something happens, they must have lived a problem before...).）。In addition to genes, the cause may be immune response interaction, inflameTheoretically, autoimmune diseases are the result of the immune system attacking normal tissues as antigens, since it is to recognize antigens, there must be corresponding recognition sites, and these recognition sites are generally products of gene expression, so it can be seen that it is related to genes, since it is related to genes, then the probability of heredity is quite high.

Of course, there are also acquired factors (such as drugs) that affect the immune system and cause autoimmune diseases. <>

1.Nyctalopia.

2.Congenital fauca.

Correct answer: Nightblind spike acorn.

Night blindness, commonly known as "blindfolding", is a medical term that refers to the symptoms of difficulty in moving in dim light or at night when you have difficulty seeing things or seeing things at all. This symptom is usually due to vitamin A deficiency.

Congenital hypomorphia, also known as trisomy 21 and Down syndrome, is the first chromosomal aberration described in the human body, which is a chromosomal genetic disease and is also the most common autosomal disease in patients with congenital hypomorphia.

Night blindness is also caused by congenital hereditary eye diseases, but first guess that congenital neuropathy must be a hereditary disease, so night blindness is chosen here.

Immunodeficiency disease: It is a clinical symptom caused by the immune response and immune dysfunction caused by the absence or insufficiency of any aspect of the immune system.

Autoimmune disease: refers to the abnormal antigen-specific lymphocytes of the body or the immune response state to normal tissues, or the immune response state caused by the normal antigen-specific lymphocytes and the occurrence of the bion of the own tissue components, resulting in tissue damage and causing lesions or clinical symptoms.

Autoimmune diseases are self-defeating and attacking one's own tissue structure as an antigen. It is a strong immune system.

Immunodeficiency is the absence or ineffectiveness of the immune system or immune cells, which is considered to be too immune.

Extended Information] I. Immunodeficiency Diseases.

Immunodeficiency disorders are a group of diseases caused by congenital underdevelopment or acquired impairment of the immune system, resulting in reduced or absent immune function. Primary immunodeficiency disorders are immunodeficiency disorders caused by genetic or congenital factors that impaired the immune system during development. It usually occurs in infants and young children, and sometimes clinical symptoms do not appear until adulthood.

Primary immunodeficiency disorders include B-cell deficiency disorders, T-cell deficiency disorders, combined T and B-cell deficiency disorders, phagocytic cell deficiency disorders, and complement system deficiencies. Secondary immunodeficiency disease is an immunodeficiency disease caused by the dysfunction of the immune system caused by various factors. It can be secondary to tumors, immunosuppressant use, or infectious diseases.

The common features of immunodeficiency disorders are:

1.The ability to resist infection is low, and it is easy to reverse** and cause serious infection;

2.susceptibility to tumors, many of which are caused by cancer-causing viruses;

This cannot be generalized, some are congenital, but some are acquired, our body's immune system has thyroid, prostate, tonsils, lymph, etc.

It is congenital, the immune system is a resistance ability of the human body, it has only one, can resist the invasion of foreign viruses or diseases

Yes, for example, there are thyroiditis, nephritis, myocarditis, AIDS, allergies, asthma, urticaria, lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, etc.

Answer B: Major genetic diseases in humans; Characteristics of Infectious Diseases Analysis: This question tests the understanding of the concept of genetic diseases Genetic diseases are diseases caused by changes in genetic material or controlled by disease-causing genes Genetic diseases are diseases that are completely or partially determined by genetic factors, often congenital or acquired

Answer: Solution: Diseases caused by changes in genetic material, including chromosomal aberrations and invisible genetic mutations at the chromosomal level, are collectively known as genetic diseases such as albinism, color blindness, hemophilia, etc. Hepatitis is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis A virus infection

Therefore, the correct option is B

Comments: Grasp the concept of genetic diseases and understand the examples of common genetic diseases, and you can answer this question

【Answer】a

Answer analysis] Question analysis: AIDS is a blood-borne infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is not a genetic disease; Color blindness, congenital deafness, and hemophilia are all genetic disorders caused by alterations in genetic material or control by disease-causing genes

Test site: Major genetic diseases in humans.

Answer C Analysis: This question mainly examines the relevant knowledge points of major human genetic diseases Answer: Genetic diseases are diseases caused by changes in genetic material, such as color blindness, albinism, congenital stupidity and hemophilia

a. Color blindness is a genetic disease caused by changes in genetic material so it does not fit the topic B. Albinism is a genetic disease caused by changes in genes C. Dwarfism is a disease caused by insufficient secretion of growth hormone in childhood, not a genetic disease, so it is in line with the topic

d. Albinism is a genetic disease caused by changes in genetic material, so it does not meet the topic, so it is selected: c

Comments: Color blindness, albinism, congenital stupidity, and hemophilia are common human genetic diseases, and remembering these will solve the problem of species

Answer: AB and D are infectious diseases caused by pathogens, C is caused by the lack of vitamin D, and albinism is a genetic disease caused by genetic material, gene or chromosomal abnormalities in DNA. Brother answers.

Answer D analysis: This question examines genetic diseases, which are diseases caused by genetic or chromosomal changes, such as albinism, hemophilia, congenital stupidity, etc

Answer: a. AIDS is caused by infection with a human deficiency immune virus, which is an infectious disease and therefore does not fit the topic

b. The epidemic is caused by infection with the influenza virus, which is transmitted by air and droplets, and is a respiratory infectious disease, so it does not meet the topic

c. Hepatitis B is caused by infection with hepatitis virus, which is transmitted through drinking water and food, and is an infectious disease of the digestive tract, so it does not meet the topic

d. Hemophilia is caused by genetic changes, which should be a genetic disease and therefore in line with the topic

Therefore, the selection of D Comments: Genetic diseases are the focus of the examination, and should be understood in conjunction with the concept of genetic diseases