The most abundant organisms in the marine ecosystem

Our country has 4 marine ecosystems. A marine ecosystem is a natural system in the ocean that consists of the interaction of biological communities and their environment. Broadly speaking, the global ocean is a large ecosystem that contains many sub-ecosystems at different levels.

Each sub-ecosystem occupies a certain space, and the interacting living and non-living organisms form a unity with a certain structure and function through the flow of energy and matter.

The classification of marine ecosystems is inconclusive, and is generally divided into coastal ecosystems, oceanic ecosystems, and upwelling ecosystems according to marine areas. According to the biological community, it is generally divided into mangrove ecosystem, coral reef ecosystem, algae ecosystem, etc.

Marine ecosystems are natural systems in the ocean that are made up of the interaction of biological communities and their environment. The whole ocean is a large ecosystem, including many different levels (or levels) of marine ecosystems, each of which occupies a certain space, contains interacting biotic and abiotic components, and forms a unity with a certain structure and function through energy flow and material cycling.

The ocean ecosystem is composed of two major parts: marine biological communities and marine environment, most of the plants in the ocean are tiny phytoplankton, there are many kinds of animals, most of them can swim in the water, the area of the ocean is about 100 million square kilometers, more than twice the global land area (about 100 million square kilometers), accounting for about 71% of the earth's surface area

The ecosystem includes biotic components and abiotic components, biotic components include producers, consumers and decomposers, phytoplankton belong to producers, carnivorous fish, zooplankton, large fish, etc. are animals and belong to consumers, and the beginning of the food chain is the producer, because the energy transfer along the food chain in the ecosystem is one-way and decreasing, so the number of organisms at the front of the food chain is more than that in the trophic level at the back.

The most abundant organisms in the ocean are: marine plankton.

Marine plankton is an important biological group in the marine ecosystem, the foundation and key component of the marine food chain, and widely participates in the material cycle and energy exchange in the marine ecosystem. Marine plankton observation has become a hot spot in marine ecology research, marine environmental recreation protection research and marine biological resources evaluation research.

Plankton generally refers to drifting organisms that live in water and lack the ability to move effectively, including phytoplankton and zooplankton. Some plankton have the ability to swim, but they tend to swim at a slower rate than the current speed of the ocean currents in which they are located, so they cannot swim flexibly in the water with a side grinding effect. Plankton are organisms in oceans, lakes and rivers and other waters, which have no ability to move at all, or are very weak, so they cannot move against the current, but live on the surface of the water, and this kind of organisms are collectively called plankton.

Classification of plankton

1. Jellyfish: Jellyfish, also known as jellyfish and white-skinned, is mainly produced in the southeast coast of China. During 8 September, jellyfish often float in groups on the surface of the sea, sometimes being hit and stranded on the beach.

2. Krill: Krill is widely distributed and abundant, and is an important bait for many economic fish and baleen whales, and is also the fishing object of the fishery.

3. Diatom Yunliang: Diatom is a kind of single-celled plant with pigments, which is often connected into various groups by several or many cell individuals, with various forms.

4. Cyanobacteria: Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a class of large single-celled prokaryotes with a long evolutionary history, negative Gram staining, flagella, chlorophyll a, but chloroplasts, and oxygen-producing photosynthesis.

5. Dinoflagellates: Dinoflagellates refer to single-celled collective plants with diflagellates, which are indefinite in shape and often distributed in freshwater and seawater.

The most abundant organisms in the ocean are plankton.

Plankton are tiny organisms that inhabit bodies of water and move by floating or moving on their own. They mainly include phytoplankton and zooplankton, and the plankton communities that arise in water bodies are called plankton clusters. Plankton is the most abundant in the ocean, and is one of the most basic and abundant ecological communities in the marine ecosystem.

Plankton plays a very important role in the entire marine food chain and is the foundation of the marine food chain, providing abundant nutrients for other organisms. In addition, plankton in the ocean can also absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide and participate in the marine carbon cycle.

Planktonic Nakrot plants include unicellular algae, diatoms, calcium, etc. They convert carbon dioxide and water into organic matter through photosynthesis and release oxygen. The growth of phytoplankton is related to factors such as species and nutrients and light environment in the water body.

Zooplankton include planktonic jellyfish, planktonic shrimp, zooplankton crabs, etc., most of which are crustaceans under the phylum Appendicoos. Zooplankton can obtain nutrients by eating phytoplankton and other plankton, and are also an important link in the marine life chain.

Diversity of marine life

The diversity of marine life is extremely rich. There are tens of thousands of species of fish, about 20,000 species of shellfish, nearly 200,000 species of crustaceans, and more than 2,000 species of seaweed. In addition, there is a large number of plankton and benthic organisms in the ocean.

In the marine ecological system, various marine organisms interact, interdepend and restrain each other, and jointly maintain the stability and balance of the marine ecosystem. There are many complex relationships between different marine biomes, such as plankton communities can affect ocean temperature and color, and can also have a reaction to temperature and seawater.

However, human activities pose a threat to the diversity of marine life. Compared with terrestrial life, the conservation of marine life is very difficult to monitor, protect and restore, so the implementation of measures such as establishing marine protected areas, reducing pollution, and controlling fishery resources is urgent.

It is some tiny creatures that we can't see, their individuals are very small and need to be seen with a microscope, but their number is very staggering, about 1 million per milliliter of seawater, including some microalgae, fungi, bacteria, archaea, viruses, etc., collectively known as microorganisms.

The vast oceans are home to a huge variety of organisms, and so far, scientists have not been able to tell exact numbers how many creatures there are. So who are the most abundant creatures in the ocean? The answer is not the fish that can swim freely, but some tiny creatures that we can't see, their individuals are very small and need a microscope to see, but their numbers are very staggering, with an average of about 1 million per milliliter of seawater, including some microalgae, fungi, bacteria, archaea, viruses, etc., collectively known as microorganisms.

Once, the Dutch scientist Leeuwenhoek (16321723) discovered microorganisms, which caused a sensation. Now it seems that what he sees under the microscope is not too small, and the really small microorganisms can only be found with an electron microscope. But there are more of them than most people can imagine.

The largest of the microorganisms is the protozoa, which are single-celled but have a nucleus, and are eukaryotic like you and me. If we compare the number of individuals per unit area, protozoa is 12 orders of magnitude higher than mammals. Unicellular algae such as diatoms, lithophyllas, dinoflagellates, etc., are eukaryotes.

Smaller than them are prokaryotes without a nucleus, including bacteria and archaea, which are also producers in the oceans and produce organic matter. The smallest of these, such as Prochlorococcus, is less than a micron and is the smallest autotroph in the world. Even smaller than them are viruses, which are measured in nanometers.

Viruses have no cellular structure and cannot reproduce independently, so it is debated whether they are living organisms or not, but they are an important part of the marine ecosystem.

The number of microorganisms in the ocean is often the opposite of its size, and the smaller the size, the more numerous. Some people say that there are an average of 10 protozoa and 10 eukaryotic algae in 1 milliliter of seawater, as well as 100 prochlorococcus, 1,000 bacteria and 10,000 viruses. Speaking of which, we can turn to the question of what is the most abundant creature in the ocean

In terms of biomass, prokaryotes (bacteria, archaea) are the most numerous, accounting for 90% of all microorganisms, although the number of individuals is less than 10% of the total; Although the biomass accounts for only 5% of the marine microorganisms, the number of individuals has reached 94%, and it is estimated that there are 1030 viruses in the whole ocean, which is more than 60 times the diameter of the Milky Way!