Marine ecosystem food chain, what are the marine food chains

Food chains in marine ecosystems.

The length of the composition is very different, and the marine food chain can be divided into three categories:

1) In the food chain of the deep ocean, there should be at least 5 trophic strata to produce predatory fish.

Microphytoplankton feed small zooplankton such as foraminifera and radiolaria, and some small phytophagoes are predators of copepods, which are predators. After hairy jaws, it is necessary to pass through 1-2 invertebrates.

or a trophic stratum composed of medium-sized fish, which can reach carnivores.

The highest class.

2) In the coastal zone, larger phytoplankton feed larger zooplankton, such as shrimp and some crustaceans, which in turn will be food for some predatory fish. This food chain includes a trophic class.

3) In the upwelling of the sea, there is a very short food chain, with an average of only one trophic class. In this food chain, large groups of phytoplankton feed some herbivorous fish and mammals directly.

Recent studies have found that very small bacteria and fungi (about microns) in the ocean, utilize soluble substances, which are then replaced by various heterotrophic protists.

Ingested, these protists are directly consumed by larger zooplankton or larvae. This is this: free-living microorganisms are ingested by "micro-eaters" who are predominantly protists, and then enter the protozoa.

Food chain. These food chains in the oceans described above constitute the bulk of the energy flow of marine ecosystems.

The distribution of marine ecosystem types is influenced by nutrients in the bright zone. Major marine ecotypes: Littoral:

the coastline where the sea meets the land; Shallow kelp (neritic): the area of the continental shelf, within 200 meters of water depth; upwelling zones transition from the depths of the ocean to the bright zones; pelagic: a vast open sea; Coral reefs (coralreefs):

It is mostly found in the tropics, extending into the bright belt and bordering the land. The main producers of coastal ecosystems are many large and imresident plants, such as macrophyllum macrophylla and green algae and red algae. Consumers are many marine animals and filter-feeding animals that feed on sessile and large plants.

Shallow kelp is dominated by the continental shelf, often within 200 m depth, and phytoplankton is the main producer. The upwelling zone has the largest marine producers, with herd diatoms being common. The pelagic zone includes surface, meso, deep, and extremely deep seafloors.

Contains a lot of crumb food. The basis of the food chain is the tiny plankton. Typical food chain:

Minimal plankton Small zooplankton Large zooplankton Fish Large carnivores. Coral reef ecosystems are characterized by a symbiotic relationship between algae and coelenterates.

In the ocean, the food relationships of various groups of organisms take the form of a food pyramid. Marine biologists have done research that at the bottom of this biological pyramid are various diatoms.

They are single-celled plants in the ocean, and their numbers are enormous. We assume that the diatoms at the lowest part of the biological pyramid are 454 kg. At the top of this level are tiny marine herbivores, or zooplankton.

These animals feed on diatoms for their calories. Animals in this layer need to consume kilograms of diatoms to maintain their normal life. Then, on the next level, there is herring, which needs to eat kilograms of zooplankton in order to obtain calories and sustain life.

Of course, the presence of herring provides food for cod, and obviously, cod is food for a higher level of animals. In order to obtain calories and live a normal life, cod needs to eat 454 grams of herring for food. It is not difficult to see that with each level of ascent, the food decreases by a geometric progression of 10%; Conversely, with each drop in the level, the amount of food increases by 10 percent.

It is in the shape of a pyramid with a large bottom and a small top. The pyramid built through the marine food web is transferred in four to five levels of energy to maintain the balance between the various life groups. When approaching the top of the marine food pyramid, the number of organisms becomes very small compared to the bottom.

In the ocean, at the top are marine mammals, such as sea beasts.

When we talk about the marine food chain, there are two ways of existence: one is the grazing food chain. This food chain is switched from green plants, such as phytoplankton, to grazing herbivores, and feeds on live plants, ending with carnivores at the top.

This process is what we often say, "big fish eat small fish, small fish eat shrimp, and shrimp eat soil (plankton)". The second form is the spoilage or humrid food chain. This food is transferred in the following ways:

Starting with dead organic matter, microorganisms are obtained, and predators who feed on putrefaction are the final point. In fact, in the ocean, this type of food chain is interconnected; Sometimes it's not that it doesn't have to be done in a specific way, but there are crossovers, there are connections, and there are a mix of ways.

There are two ways in which the marine food chain exists: one is the grazing food chain. This food chain is switched from green plants, such as phytoplankton, to grazing herbivores, and feeds on live plants, ending with carnivores at the top.

This process is what we often say, "big fish eat small fish, small fish eat shrimp, and shrimp eat soil (plankton)". The second form is the spoilage or humrid food chain. This food is transferred in the following ways:

Starting with dead organic matter, microorganisms are obtained, and predators who feed on putrefaction are the final point. In fact, in the ocean, this type of food chain is interconnected; Sometimes it is not a specific way, but there are crossovers, connections, and a variety of mixed ways.

The basis of the marine food chain is plankton.

Plankton generally refers to drifting organisms that live in water and lack the ability to move effectively, including phytoplankton and zooplankton. Some plankton are capable of swimming, but they tend to swim slower than the currents in which they are located, and therefore cannot swim effectively and flexibly in the water. Plankton are completely incapable of moving in the oceans, lakes, rivers and other waters, or some are very weak, so they cannot move against the current, but float on the surface of the water.

The term plankton was used to refer to organisms that are entirely planktonic in water, and later to refer specifically to organisms that live in water, i.e., to designate planktonic biomes. In contrast, the term "plankton" refers specifically to each plankton.

Plankton Seasonal Distribution:

There are significant seasonal variations in the species composition and abundance of plankton, which in turn vary with latitude. The peak of phytoplankton abundance in the northern temperate zone generally occurs in spring, when the intensity increases and the nutrients (inorganic salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus) increase, which is conducive to the proliferation of phytoplankton. In the summer, when the salt is exhausted, the herbivorous zooplankton rolls and feeds in large quantities, resulting in a sharp decline in the number of phytoplankton.

In autumn, nutrients increase and phytoplankton bloom again, resulting in another slightly lower peak than spring. In winter, when the environment is harsh (especially when the temperature is too low), phytoplankton decreases again. This phenomenon of two peaks in a year is called a double cycle.

In addition, the species of phytoplankton have seasonal alternations. For example, dinoflagellates emerge in the summer when diatoms decline, as they are suitable for blooming in high temperatures and nutrient-poor seasons.

Start at the bottom, count how many there are, and then count up each one.

1. The food chain is also known as the "nutrition chain". In order to maintain their own life activities, various organisms in the ecosystem must feed on other organisms. This feeding relationship is actually the relationship between solar energy from one organism to another, that is, the flow and conversion of material energy through the food chain.

2. A food chain generally includes 3-5 links: a plant, an animal that feeds on plants and one or more carnivores. The number of organisms at different points in the food chain is relatively constant in order to maintain a natural balance.

One is the grazing food chain. This type of food chain starts with green plants, such as phytoplankton, etc., and transitions to grazing herbivores and feeds on live plants, ending with carnivores. In fact, this process is often said to be "big fish eat small fish, small fish eat shrimp, and shrimp eat soil".

The second type is the spoilage or humrid food chain. This food chain is transferred in such a way that it starts with dead organic matter, gets the microorganisms, and ends with predators who feed on the humus-eating organisms.

In fact, in the ocean, this type of food chain is interconnected; Sometimes it's not deliberately done in a certain way, but there are crossovers, there are connections, and multiple ways are mixed at the same time.

The oceans are home to more than 100,000 species of animals, and the vast majority of them, with the exception of ferocious predators, live in peace with each other. As a result, marine animals have become the most diverse and abundant animals in the world. Incredibly, the largest animal on Earth, the cetaceans, eats the smallest animals in the ocean, small fish and krill.

This may seem unreasonable, but when you understand the special relationship between them, it makes sense. In the ocean, krill are abundant and dense. As if they had been given some kind of "command", they gathered in clumps for baleen whales.

If not, it is impossible for a baleen whale with a large body to fill its stomach. It all seems to have been carefully designed by God. For hundreds of millions of years, this unique pyramid of biological populations has sustained the lives of marine populations.

This life-sustaining relationship can also be called the marine food web. The food chains established by various organisms in the ocean are often more complex than those on land.

The water system is a unity formed between aquatic organisms and the aquatic environment Including inland waters (lakes, reservoirs, rivers, wetlands, etc.), estuaries and marine ecosystems, etc

So the answer is:

What is the food chain? For example, big fish eat small fish, small fish eat dried shrimp, dried shrimp eat aquatic plants, and so on cycle is a kind of food chain, and the one that eats the bad is the food chain.