What do microorganisms excrete when they absorb nutrients?

In aerobic conditions, respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, and some microorganisms produce secondary metabolites, which vary depending on the species, but most of the nutrients are converted by bacteria into their own bacteria for reproduction.

There are two types: primary metabolites (biosynthesis of products and growth couplings), which are usually direct products of catabolic pathways such as anaerobic microbial fermentation from glucose to ethanol, or normal intermediate metabolites such as amino acids or vitamins; Second: secondary metabolites (fermentation products that are not coupled to growth) include most antibiotics and microbial toxins.

According to the type of respiration, it is divided into: aerobic respiration: the product is carbon dioxide, water; Anaerobic respiration: the products are carbon dioxide, water, nitric oxide, nitrogen; Fermentation: The product is a reduced intermediate metabolite.

Carbon dioxide, primary metabolites such as sugars are generally used for self-growth and reproduction, and secondary metabolites such as antibiotics.

Inorganic. Mainly inorganic salts, water and carbon dioxide.

Metabolites, your question is not very detailed.

The carbon source is absorbed to form the carbon skeleton of the cell, and part of it forms small molecules such as carbon dioxide, lactic acid, acetic acid, etc.

Microorganisms do not have organs that specialize in ingesting nutrients, they rely on the entire cell surface for nutrient intake, and it is believed that the absorption of various nutrients depends on the action of the cytoplasmic membrane, and there are many small pores on the cytoplasmic membrane, and various nutrients pass through the cell membrane through different absorption methods, and whether nutrients can enter the cell depends on three factors.

1.The properties of the nutrients themselves (relative molecular weight, mass, solubility, electronegativity, etc.) 2The environment in which the microorganism is located (temperature, pH, etc.) 3

According to the characteristics of the material transport process, the permeable barriers of microbial cells (protoplasmic membrane, cell wall, capsule, etc.) can be divided into free diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group transfer.

1. Free proliferation.

Free diffusion is also known as simple diffusion The protoplasmic membrane is a semi-permeable membrane Nutrients diffuse through the pores on the protoplasmic membrane from a high concentration of extracellular environment to a low concentration of intracellular Free diffusion is non-specific, but the size and shape of the watery pores on the protoplasmic membrane have a certain selectivity for the nutrient molecules involved in pore diffusion It has the following characteristics: 1The substance does not undergo any reaction during diffusion 2Does not consume energy and cannot be transported against concentration 3

The rate of transport is proportional to the difference in the concentration of substances inside and outside the membrane Free diffusion is not the main way for microbial cells to absorb nutrients Water is the only molecule that can freely pass through the protoplasmic membrane by diffusion Fatty acids Ethanol Glycerol Some gases (O2 CO2) and some amino acids can also enter and exit the cell through free diffusion to a certain extent.

2. Facilitating diffusion.

In this process, (1) no energy is consumed, (2) the molecular structure of the substances involved in the transport does not change, (3) the reverse concentration transport cannot be carried out, (4) the transport rate is proportional to the concentration difference between the inside and outside of the membrane, (5) the nutrients that enter the cell through facilitated diffusion mainly include amino acids, monosaccharides, vitamins and inorganic salts, etc But there are also microorganisms that transport the same substance by more than one carrier protein.

Microorganisms are divided into parasitism and saprophytic from the way they obtain nutrients.

Microorganisms do not have organs that specialize in ingesting nutrients, they rely on the entire cell surface for nutrient intake, and it is believed that the absorption of various nutrients depends on the action of the cytoplasmic membrane, and there are many small pores on the cytoplasmic membrane, and various nutrients pass through the cell membrane through different absorption methods, and whether nutrients can enter the cell depends on three factors.

1.The properties of the nutrients themselves (relative molecular weight, mass, solubility, electronegativity, etc.) 2The environment in which the microorganism is located (temperature, pH, etc.) 3

According to the characteristics of the material transport process, the permeable barriers of microbial cells (protoplasmic membrane, cell wall, capsule, etc.) can be divided into free diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group transfer.

1. Free proliferation.

Free diffusion is also known as simple diffusion The protoplasmic membrane is a semi-permeable membrane Nutrients diffuse through the pores on the protoplasmic membrane from a high concentration of extracellular environment to a low concentration of intracellular Free diffusion is non-specific, but the size and shape of the watery pores on the protoplasmic membrane have a certain selectivity for the nutrient molecules involved in pore diffusion It has the following characteristics: 1The substance does not undergo any reaction during diffusion 2Does not consume energy and cannot be transported against concentration 3

The rate of transport is proportional to the difference in the concentration of substances inside and outside the membrane Free diffusion is not the main way for microbial cells to absorb nutrients Water is the only molecule that can freely pass through the protoplasmic membrane by diffusion Fatty acids Ethanol Glycerol Some gases (O2 CO2) and some amino acids can also enter and exit the cell through free diffusion to a certain extent.

2. Facilitating diffusion.

In this process, (1) no energy is consumed, (2) the molecular structure of the substances involved in the transport does not change, (3) the reverse concentration transport cannot be carried out, (4) the transport rate is proportional to the concentration difference between the inside and outside of the membrane, (5) the nutrients that enter the cell through facilitated diffusion mainly include amino acids, monosaccharides, vitamins and inorganic salts, etc But there are also microorganisms that transport the same substance by more than one carrier protein.

Microorganisms do not have organs that specialize in ingesting nutrients, they rely on the entire cell surface to take in nutrients, and it is currently believed that the absorption of various nutrients depends on the effect of the cytoplasmic membrane concealment, and there are many small pores on the cytoplasmic membrane, and various nutrients pass through the cell membrane through different absorption methods, and whether nutrients can enter the cell depends on three factors.

1.The properties of the nutrients themselves (relative molecular weight, mass, solubility, electronegativity, etc.) 2The environment in which the microorganism is located (temperature, pH, etc.) 3

According to the characteristics of the material transport process, the transport modes of substances can be divided into free diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport and group transfer.

1. Free proliferation.

Free diffusion is also known as simple diffusion The protoplasmic membrane is a semi-permeable membrane Nutrients diffuse through the pores on the protoplasmic membrane from a high concentration of extracellular environment to a low concentration of intracellular Free diffusion is non-specific, but the size and shape of the watery pores on the protoplasmic membrane have a certain selectivity for the nutrient molecules involved in pore diffusion It has the following characteristics: 1The substance does not undergo any reaction during diffusion 2Does not consume energy and cannot be transported against concentration 3

The rate of transport is proportional to the difference in the concentration of substances inside and outside the membrane Free diffusion is not the main way for microbial cells to absorb nutrients Water is the only molecule that can freely pass through the protoplasmic membrane by diffusion Fatty acids Ethanol Glycerol Some gases (O2 CO2) and some amino acids can also enter and exit the cell through free diffusion to a certain extent.

2. Facilitating diffusion.

In this process, (1) no energy is consumed, (2) the molecular structure of the substances involved in the transport does not change, (3) the reverse concentration transport cannot be carried out, (4) the transport rate is proportional to the concentration difference between the inside and outside of the membrane, (5) the nutrients that enter the cell through facilitated diffusion mainly include amino acids, monosaccharides, vitamins and inorganic salts, etc But there are also microorganisms that transport the same substance by more than one carrier protein.