Comparison of common acids in high school, what are the common acids in high school?

The common acidity is strong or weak from strong to weak:

In fact, there are also a batch of super acids, which are stronger than the following. However, they are all proportional mixtures of the acids described below, and will not be studied here. Interested in going to the encyclopedia of aqua regia.

Magic acid as a representative.

Strong acids: perchloric acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, iodic acid (the above are strong acids, you can understand them, and the university involves the ranking of strength and weakness).

Medium-strong acid: oxalic acid (adipic acid, sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, pyruvate, nitrite (the above five are medium-strong acids).

Weak acid: citric acid.

Hydrofluoric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid, acrylic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, carbonic acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, boric acid, silicic acid, phenol.

The rest are weak or very weak acids).

The strongest acid in the overall ranking: perchloric acid.

The most acidic: perchloric acid.

Strongest oxidizing: Homobromic acid.

Strong acids don't need to be compared, high school doesn't learn super acids, only regular acids, I will say a few common ones. All amphoteric substances are treated as the weakest acids. Oxalic acid (sometimes regarded as a strong acid), sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid (the above three monosodium salts are acidic, and the disodium salt is weakly alkaline), hydrofluoric acid, nitrous acid, acetic acid, carbonic acid, phenol, bicarbonate, hydrosulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, boric acid, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, zinc hydroxide.

Weak acids from strong to weak are: oxalic acid (adipic acid), sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, pyruvate, nitrite acid (the above five are medium and strong acids), citric acid, hydrofluoric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid, acrylic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, carbonic acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, boric acid, silicic acid.

Nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, selenic acid, hypochlorous acid, chloric acid, chlorous acid, halogen acid, perhaloic acid, nitrous acid, permanganic acid, perxenon acid, etc.

1. Nitric acid. Nitric acid (Nitric acid) has the molecular formula Hno, which is a strong oxidizing and corrosive inorganic acid, and the anhydride is nitrous pentoxide. The acidity of nitric acid is smaller than that of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid (pka=, soluble in water, completely ionized in water, its dilute solution is colorless and transparent at room temperature, and the concentrated solution is brown.

Nitric acid is unstable and easy to decompose by photo, so it should be stored in a brown bottle in a dark place away from light, and it is strictly forbidden to contact with the reducing agent. Nitric acid is mainly produced by ammonia oxidation in industry to make fertilizers, explosives, nitrates, etc.

2. Concentrated sulfuric acid.

Concentrated sulfuric acid, commonly known as bad water, with the chemical formula H SO, is a strong mineral acid with high corrosiveness. Concentrated sulfuric acid refers to a solution of sulfuric acid with a mass fraction greater than or equal to 70%.

Concentrated sulfuric acid is also highly corrosive: at atmospheric pressure, boiling concentrated sulfuric acid can corrode all metals except iridium and ruthenium (even gold and platinum), and it can corrode even more elemental metal species than aqua regia.

Sulfuric acid has strong oxidizing properties at high concentrations, which is one of the biggest differences it has from dilute sulfuric acid. At the same time, it also has dehydration, difficult volatility, acidity, water absorption, etc.

3. Hypochlorous acid.

Hypochlorous acid, an oxygenated acid of chlorine element, has the structural formula h o cl, in which the valency of chlorine is +1 valence, which is the lowest price oxygenated acid of chlorine, but its oxidation is extremely strong in the oxygenated acid of chlorine, and it is the second most oxidizing acid in chlorine oxygenated acid.

It only exists in the solution, the concentrated solution is yellow, the dilute solution is colorless, has a very pungent, chlorine-like odor, and is extremely unstable, it is a very weak acid, weaker than carbonic acid, and hydrosulfuric acid. Hypochlorous acid also has a strong bleaching effect, and its salts can be used as bleach and disinfectants.

4. Selenic acid. Selenic acid, molecular weight: , white hexagonal crystal, easy to absorb moisture. Soluble in water, insoluble in ammonia, soluble in sulfuric acid. Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouse.

According to the theory of mutual exclusion of valence shell electrons, the selenium in the center is tetrahedral with a se-O bond length of 161pm. In the solid state, it is a crystal of the orthorhombic crystal system.

5. Chlorous acid.

Chlorous acid, an oxygenated acid of chlorine, has a structural formula of h-o-cl=o, where the valency of chlorine is +3. Its oxidation is the strongest among the oxygenated acids of various chlorine elements, and its acidity is weaker than chloric acid and perchloric acid, stronger than hypochlorous acid, and it is a medium-strong acid.

It is the only halogen acid that currently exists. At the same time, it is also the most unstable of the oxygenated acids of chlorine, which only exists in solution, and is very easy to decompose at room temperature, and the decomposition is accelerated when the temperature rises, and it can be decomposed into chlorine, chlorine dioxide and water within a few minutes.

However, its salt, chlorite, is relatively stable, and sodium chlorite is one of the raw materials for the production of chlorine dioxide. Chlorous acid can be used as a bleaching agent, disinfectant, and biocide.

1. In middle school, it is common to memorize the mantra of weak acidity (the acidity gradually weakens from front to back, and only the comparison of the first level of ionization is considered).

Thiophosphate hydrofluoric acid, nitrosformic acid, glacial acetic acid, bicarbonate hydrocyanilic acid.

2. In addition, some common acids that do not need to be mastered from strong to weak are:

Perchloric acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, iodic acid (the above is a strong acid, you can understand it, the university involves the ranking of strength and weakness), oxalic acid (adipic acid), sulfurous acid, phosphoric acid, pyruvate, nitrite (the above five are medium and strong acids), citric acid, hydrofluoric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, benzoic acid, acrylic acid.

H2SiO3 (metasilicic acid), HCN (hydrocyanic acid), H2CO3 (carbonic acid), HF (hydrofluoric acid, less common), CH3COOH (also known as C2H4O2 acetic acid, also known as acetic acid), H2S (hydrosulfuric acid), HCO (hypochlorous acid), HNO2 (nitrite acid, less common), Honc (thunder acid), H2SO3 (sulfurous acid).

Weak acids are acids that are the opposite of strong acids and are weakly acidic. A weak acid is usually an acid whose ionization constant (ka) is less than the acidity coefficient pka greater than 4).

Most acids, during ionization, involve the reaction of water molecules combined with the hydrogen ions dissociated from the acid to form the ion H3O+. The concentration of water can actually be considered as a constant in the reaction.