What are the causes of debris flows, and the main causes of debris flows

The reasons for the formation of mudslides are as follows:

1. Topographic conditions

In terms of topography, it has high mountains and deep ravines, steep terrain, large longitudinal slopes of the gully bed, and the shape of the watershed is convenient for water flow. In terms of landform, the landform of debris flow can generally be divided into three parts: formation area, circulation area and accumulation area. Rock fragmentation and deep weathering in areas of collapse, landslide and rock pile community can easily become the source of recharge of solid matter in debris flow. The length of the valley is large, the catchment area is large, and the longitudinal slope is steep, which can provide conditions for the flow of debris flow.

2. Loose material conditions

Debris flows often occur in areas with complex geological structures, developed fault folds, strong neotectonic activities, and high intensity. The fragmentation of surface rock layers, the development of undesirable geological phenomena such as landslides, collapses, and staggered falls provide abundant solid materials for the formation of debris flows. Areas with loose, weak, weather-prone, jointed or hard-soft layers can also provide rich debris for debris flows due to their vulnerability to damage**.

How to escape in the event of a mudslide:

In the event of a mudslide, do not climb trees to escape, do not stay in deep depressions with heavy soil on steep slopes, do not hide behind rolling rocks or piles of rocks, and do not run up and down the valley. Mudslides are not like landslides. The trees were rolled up by the roots, and the earth and stones were wrapped and poured into the valley.

If there is heavy rainfall in the valley, do not panic when there is the sound of a mudslide and do not run in the direction of the mudslide. In the event of rain and mudslides, you must be decisive in determining a safe way to escape. If the path is perpendicular to the direction of the mudslide, climb the slopes on both sides.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Mudslides.

Debris flow is a torrent formed by saturation and dilution of soft soil mountains containing sand and gravel by heavy rain and floods, and its area, volume and flow are large, while landslides are small areas of diluted soil mountains, and typical debris flows are composed of thick mud that is suspended with coarse solid debris and rich in silt and clay.

Under appropriate topographic conditions, a large amount of water soaks the solid accumulation material in the flowing water hillside or ditch bed, reducing its stability, and the solid accumulation material saturated with water moves under its own gravity, forming a debris flow.

Mudslides are a catastrophic geological phenomenon. Usually mudslides erupt suddenly, violently and can carry huge boulders. Because of its high speed and powerful energy, it is extremely destructive.

Mudslides refer to landslides caused by heavy rains, snowstorms or other natural disasters in mountainous areas or other ravines and areas with steep terrain, and carry a large amount of sediment and rocks. Debris flow has the characteristics of suddenness, fast flow rate, large flow rate, large material capacity and strong destructive power.

1. Unreasonable excavation of false hail.

Unreasonable excavation of railways, highways, canals, and other engineering structures. Some mudslides are caused by the construction of roads, canals, railways and other construction activities that damage the surface of mountain slopes.

2. Spoil and slag quarrying.

For example, in the winter of 1973, stone was mined in the ditch along the highway near the west water of the Ganchuan Highway, and on July 18, 1974, a mudslide occurred, silting up 15 bridges and culverts.

3. Indiscriminate deforestation and reclamation.

Indiscriminate deforestation will cause the disappearance of vegetation, the loss of protection of the hillside, the loose soil, and the development of gullies, which will greatly aggravate soil erosion, and then the stability of the hillside will be destroyed, and the adverse geological phenomena such as collapse and landslide will develop, and the result will be easy to produce debris flows.

4. Secondary disasters.

Torrents that occur after a disaster is followed by torrential rains or flash floods that dilute a large area of the mountain.

Debris flow refers to a special red torrent of landslides caused by natural disasters such as heavy rain and heavy snowfall in mountainous areas or other ravines with steep terrain and steep terrain. Debris flow has the characteristics of sudden eruption, fast flow rate, large flow rate, large material capacity and large destructive power. Mudslides often damage transportation facilities such as roads, railways, and even villages and towns, causing huge losses.

Debris flow is a torrent formed by heavy rain and flood water that contains sand and soft soil and mountain water and dilutes it. It has a large area, volume and flow, while a landslide is a small area of sparsely deposited soil mountain. A typical mudslide consists of a viscous slurry suspended with coarse solid debris suspended and rich in silt and clay.

Under appropriate topographic conditions, a large amount of water soaks the solid accumulation material in the flowing water hillside or ditch bed, reducing its stability, and the solid accumulation material saturated with water moves under the action of gravity, forming a debris flow. Debris flow is a catastrophic geological phenomenon. Often, mudslide eruptions are sudden and ferocious, bringing powerful energy.

Due to its fast progress, it has a strong energy, so it is extremely destructive. The whole process of debris flow is generally only a few hours, a short time, and it is widely distributed in some special terrain and landform areas of various countries in the world. It is stimulated by water elements such as heavy rainfall and ice and snow on the valleys or slopes of mountainous areas, and is a mixed flow of soil, water and air between sand-carrying water flow and landslides.

The difference from a general disaster is that the torrent contains enough solid debris such as sediment and rocks. Its volume content is as low as 15% and as high as about 80%, which is more destructive than flooding. Mudslides The cause of mudslides is mudslides.

Mudslides are a natural disaster. When it happens, there is not only a large amount of sediment and rocks in the torrent, but also flood water or ice meltwater. The mud formed by the mudslide flowed down the steep slope like a wild horse that had escaped from it.

In the process of mudslide erosion, fertile land turned into desert, houses turned into ruins, roadbeds and bridges were washed away, and human life and property were greatly damaged. According to statistics, there are nearly 100,000 large and small debris flows in the world every year. Phuket Asia, Peruvian Andes Mountains.

More than 197.9 million cubic meters of glacial mudslides washed into a city called Luo Jiayi. In an instant, the entire city was completely buried, and 30,000 inhabitants were killed. Mudslides are triggered by the loosening of mountain masses and often occur in semi-arid mountainous areas or plateau glacial areas.

The terrain here is steep and there is little vegetation, and when heavy rains or glaciers thaw and the rocks absorb enough water, they loosen and begin to move down the slope.