The mechanism of heart failure chronic and the mechanism of heart failure

How does heart failure occur? The doctor will show you how high blood pressure affects the part of the heart that makes the heart weak.

Decreased myocardial contractility.

1.Loss of cardiomyocytes and contractile proteins When myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, infection, poisoning, etc., cause a large number of myocardial fibrosis and necrosis, myocardial cells and contractile proteins are lost, resulting in weakened myocardial contractility and heart failure.

2.Myocardial Energy Metabolism Disorders in any part of myocardial energy metabolism (release, storage, utilization) can lead to decreased myocardial contractility.

Dysgenesis Myocardial hypoxia or vitamin B1 deficiency can lead to hypotropic ATP production and decreased myocardial contractility.

Impaired energy utilization may be due to a defect in myocardial contractility regulator protein or decreased ATPase activity in the myosin head, which impairs ATP hydrolysis.

3.Myocardial excitability-contraction coupling disorder Disorders of Ca2+ uptake and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum When myocardial is excited, the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm cannot quickly reach the concentration that stimulates myocardial contraction, resulting in excitability-contraction coupling disorder.

Obstruction of Ca2+ influx Normally, norepinephrine (NE) binds to receptors on the surface of cardiomyocytes and converts ATP into cAMP in cardiomyocytes through adenylyl cyclase, which reactivates the calcium channels on the membrane to open them up and cause Ca2+ influx; In addition, through the activation of protein kinase, the uptake and release of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum can be accelerated, so it has the effect of strengthening the excitation-contraction coupling of myocardial lead. Due to the decrease or excessive consumption of catecholamine synthesis in the hypertrophic and failing myocardium, the amount of NE in the myocardium decreases, making it difficult to open calcium channels and the influx of Ca2+ is reduced, resulting in myocardial excitation-contraction coupling disorder.

Troponin binding disorder to Ca2+ precludes the excitation-contraction coupling process.

Abnormal diastolic function and compliance of the heart.

1.Ventricular diastolic dysfunction The main mechanisms are:

Delayed reduction of calcium ions Experiments have proved that the reduction of Ca2+ in human and animal failure myocardium is delayed, causing the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm to not quickly drop to the level of Ca2+ out of troponin, resulting in delayed or incomplete myocardial diastolic, which hinders the filling of the heart.

Myosball-actin complex dissociation disorder The myocardium is in a state of contraction, which severely affects the diastolic filling of the heart.

Decreased ventricular diastolic load is mainly due to insufficient perfusion of the coronary surge arteries, which affects the diastolic function of the ventricles.

2.Decreased Ventricular Compliance Ventricular compliance is a change in the volume of the ventricles due to changes in unit pressure. When ventricular compliance is reduced, ventricular filling is impeded.

The diastolic activity of the ventricles is uncoordinated.

In myocardial infarction and myocarditis, the contraction of the ventricular wall is not coordinated in space and time. Manifested as:

1.Contraction of some myocardium is weakened.

2.There is no contraction of part of the myocardium.

3.Partial myocardial contractile bulge, i.e., when the myocardium contracts, the lesion area reverses outward bulge.

4.Myocardial contractions are out of sync (eg, intracardiac conduction disorder).Reduced output, which can lead to a decrease in cardiac output, plays a role in the pathogenesis of heart failure.

Heart failure, also known as "myocardial failure", is the inability of the heart to produce blood commensurate with venous return and the metabolism of body tissues**. The contractility of the heart muscle is often weakened by various diseases, so that the blood output of the heart is reduced, which is not enough to meet the needs of the body, and a series of symptoms and signs are produced.

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by cardiac dysfunction, which is caused by myocardial dysfunction or myocardial loss, resulting in left ventricular dilation and/or hypertrophic remodeling, neuroendocrine disorders, systemic tissue and organ hypoperfusion and congestion and other circulatory dysfunction, and typical clinical signs and symptoms, such as fluid retention, dyspnea, fatigue (especially during exercise), etc. Heart valve disease, coronary arteriosclerosis, hypertension, endocrine disorders, bacterial toxins, acute pulmonary infarction, emphysema, or other chronic lung diseases can cause heart disease and cause heart failure. Pregnancy, exertion, and rapid intravenous fluid replacement can increase the burden on the diseased heart and induce heart failure.

Clinical typing. 1) According to the speed of development of heart failure, it can be divided into acute and chronic, with chronic being the majority. Left heart failure is more common in acute patients, and the main manifestation is acute pulmonary edema.

2) According to the location of heart failure, it can be divided into left heart, right heart and total heart failure. Left-sided heart failure is characterized by pulmonary congestion; Right heart failure is characterized by systemic congestion.

3) Systolic or diastolic heart failure.

4) According to the presence or absence of symptoms, it can be divided into asymptomatic (asymptomatic) heart failure and congestive heart failure.

Synonyms Heart failure generally refers to heart failure.

This entry is provided by the National Health and Family Planning Commission's authoritative medical science popularization network platform Encyclopedia Famous Doctor.com.

Heart failure, referred to as heart failure, refers to the failure of the systolic function and/or diastolic function of the heart, which can not fully discharge the venous blood volume back to the heart, resulting in blood stasis in the venous system and insufficient blood perfusion in the arterial system, thus causing cardiac circulatory disorder syndrome, which is mainly manifested as pulmonary congestion and vena cava congestion. Heart failure is not an independent disease, but an end-stage stage in the development of heart disease. The vast majority of these heart failures begin with left-sided heart failure, which begins with pulmonary congestion.

Heart failure, also known as heart failure, is the most common cause of heart failure, which is a lesion of the heart muscle itself, such as myocardial infarction. In myocardial infarction, a part of the heart muscle dies and cannot contract, and the heart is lost"Blood supply"features. Long-term hypertension, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, etc. can eventually lead to heart failure.

Mechanism of heart failure: 1) Decreased myocardial contractility Destruction of contraction-related proteins Myocardial energy metabolism disorders: energy production disorders, energy utilization disorders Myocardial excitation-contraction coupling disorders Unbalanced growth of myocardial hypertrophy 2) Abnormal ventricular diastolic function Delayed calcium ion reduction Dysfunction of myosin-myosin complex dissociation Decreased ventricular diastolic potential energy Decreased ventricular compliance 3) Uncoordinated diastolic activities of various parts of the heart Arrhythmia Regional distribution of ventricular lesions, and the differences in the severity of lesions should be adopted.

1.Differentiation is usually made by clinical presentation.

2.Acute heart failure, with rapid onset, often rapid onset of dyspnea in the supine position, or even squatting breathing.

Chronic heart failure is often characterized by fatigue and decreased activity tolerance.

Heart failure (heart failure) is a clinical syndrome caused by ventricular dysfunction. Early manifestations and symptoms of heart failure: 1. Decreased physical strength.

The patient feels very tired, is lazy, and is reluctant to move. It is also often accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal distention, loss of appetite, poor sleep, and frequent awakening by nightmares. Sudden difficulty breathing during sleep and improvement when sitting up.

2. The patient's urine output decreases and edema appears, generally starting from the ankle and gradually affecting the whole body from bottom to top. 3. Heart palpitations and chest tightness. Patients often feel unwell, chest tightness, irregular heartbeat, rapid pulse, palpitation and shortness of breath when going upstairs or a little activity, and difficulty breathing when working or climbing stairs.

I don't have a cold but I have a cough, phlegm, palpitation, and breathlessness; Blood pressure drops, heart rate increases, pale, clammy cold, irritability. 4. Coughing and wheezing. In particular, coughing and wheezing during sleep, unable to lie flat, must sit up or raise the pillow to slowly subside.

What are the clinical manifestations of heart failure.

Patients with heart failure first feel a decrease in physical strength, fatigue and fatigue, but there are no characteristics, often ignored, typical symptoms are common dyspnea, awakening at night, edema of the legs, etc., but the disease is already serious when it appears. Heart failure is not that heart failure is completely unusable, but a decline in heart function is heart failure, and many patients with heart failure can achieve a good quality of life under the control of drugs and other methods. **It is good to use Chinese patent medicines, such as Musk Baoxin Pill, which has the effect of increasing myocardial blood supply, enhancing myocardial contractility, and reducing cardiac oxygen consumption.

Heart failure is the failure of the heart motility, the inability of blood to be transported throughout the body, and the early symptoms are general weakness and lack of energy, dizziness, nausea and so on.

The cause of acute heart failure is usually due to a previous history of heart disease, such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, etc., which are more likely to be obtained by the elderly, which can easily cause acute heart failure。If there is no heart disease before this, there is generally no possibility of acute heart failure. Acute heart failure, abbreviated as acute heart failure, is mainly due to abnormal left heart function, which leads to increased cardiac workload and decreased contractility of the heart muscle.

Acute heart failure is a terrible disease that can easily endanger the life of the patient, and once it occurs, it must be rescued immediately. Many people may want to know the cause of acute heart failure so that it can be better prevented. Generally, acute heart failure occurs suddenly on the basis of the original chronic heart disease, so heart disease patients must pay special attention.

In addition, there are some predisposing factors for acute heart failure, and the disease does not occur for no reason.

There may be some patients with chronic heart failure who suddenly develop severe head damage, lack of compliance, excessive psychological tension fluctuations, bronchial asthma attacks, etc., which may become the cause of acute heart failure. Therefore, once there are some abnormalities in the body of heart patients, they must go to the hospital as soon as possible to prevent more serious diseases. And heart patients should also pay special attention in their daily life, such as alcoholism, staying up late, taking drugs, etc., which are not good for our heart.

In addition to the elderly, acute heart failure also often appears in young people, especially some young people who often stay up late and work overtime, and part of the cause of sudden death is acute heart failure. It can be seen that we should pay more attention to rest in our daily life, and never use our bodies to exchange money, we must know that once there is a problem in the body, it is difficult to alleviate it with more money, and in the end, all the money earned is handed over to the hospital, which is really worth the loss. As long as we have a good lifestyle and pay attention to physical examination, we can completely prevent acute heart failure.

The work pressure is particularly high, I don't pay attention to rest, I don't pay attention to maintenance, I often stay up late, I am more emotional, and I don't have a good physical condition.

It is likely to be caused by heart disease, high blood pressure or dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, congenital heart disease, or irregular work and diet.

Acute heart failure can be caused by hypertension and coronary heart disease, such as myocardial ischemia. Myocarditis, myocarditis can cause damage to a large number of heart muscle cells, which can affect heart function, as well as arrhythmias.

It is possible that the lungs are infected, the blood pressure is elevated, the work is very tired, the tension is very high, the rest is not sufficient, the night is often stayed up and insomnia, and the medicine is very indiscriminate.

Chronic heart failure is a common condition in which the structure or function of the heart is impaired due to structural or functional abnormalities that impair the ventricles' ability to eject or fill blood. Patients present with fatigue and/or dyspnea, limited mobility, and fluid retention in the lungs, extremities, and other organs, making the body congested and edematous. Congestive heart failure is the medical term used to describe this state of relaxation.

Q: What are the common causes of heart failure?

A: All heart diseases can lead to damage to the structure and function of the heart, eventually leading to the development of heart failure. Includes:

1 Coronary heart disease is currently the most common cause of chronic heart failure, and myocardial infarction is the most common. Some patients do not have a clear history of myocardial infarction.

2 Various diseases that cause increased workload on the heart, such as hypertension, valvular disease, congenital heart disease, pulmonary, pulmonary vascular disease, etc.

3 Idiopathic or specific cardiomyopathy, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, pregnancy, metabolic disease, etc.