About Inorganic Germanium 15

What is the material of germanium is as follows:

Uses: It has a wide range of important applications in semiconductors, aerospace measurement and control, nuclear physical detection, optical fiber communication, infrared optics, solar cells, chemical catalysts, biomedicine and other fields, and is an important strategic resource. In the electronics industry, in alloy pretreatment, in the optical industry, it can also be used as a catalyst.

High purity germanium is a semiconductor material. It is obtained from the reduction of high-purity germanium oxide, which can be extracted by smelting. Germanium single crystals doped with trace amounts of specific impurities can be used to make various transistors, rectifiers and other devices. Germanium compounds are used in the manufacture of fluorescent plates and various glasses with high refractive index.

In nature, germanium has five stable nuclides: 70ge, 72ge, 73ge, 74ge, 76ge, above 700 reacts with oxygen to form geo2, above 1000 reacts with hydrogen, fine powder germanium can be burned in chlorine or bromine, germanium is an excellent semiconductor.

It can be used for detection of high-frequency current and rectification of alternating current, in addition, it can be used for infrared materials, precision instruments, and catalysts. Germanium compounds are used to make phosphor plates and a variety of glasses with a high refractive index.

Germanium, tin and lead belong to the same family in the periodic table, and the latter two were discovered and used by ancient people, while germanium has not been mined on an industrial scale for a long time. This is not due to the low amount of germanium in the earth's crust, but because it is one of the most dispersed elements in the earth's crust, and the ore containing germanium is very small.

The uses and prospects of germanium are as follows:

First, the use of germanium.

1. Germanium is used for radiation detectors and thermoelectric materials. High-purity germanium single crystal has a high refractive index, is transparent to bright front infrared rays, does not transmit visible light and ultraviolet rays, and can be used as germanium windows, prisms or lenses that specialize in infrared light. Compounds of germanium and niobium are superconducting materials.

2. Germanium compounds are used to make fluorescent plates and various high refractive index glasses. With the rapid development of infrared technology, germanium metal has been more and more widely used in the optical system of infrared instruments such as thermal imaging, imaging tracking, infrared front vision, infrared night vision, etc., with its good infrared transmission characteristics.

Second, the prospect of germanium.

With the continuous development of science and technology and the increasing demand for high-tech socks materials, the market prospect of germanium is very broad. It can be used not only to manufacture high-performance germanium-based semiconductor devices, but also to manufacture high-performance aerospace electronic devices. So the application of germanium will continue to grow in the coming years, especially in the semiconductor and aerospace sectors.

Therefore, the outlook for the germanium industry is very positive.

Properties of germanium:

The melting density of germanium is chemically stable, and it does not interact with air or water vapor at room temperature, but germanium dioxide is quickly formed under a temperature of 600 to 700 temperatures. Germanium has strong acid resistance, and will not undergo chemical reaction in contact with hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, etc., when heated with concentrated sulfuric acid, germanium will dissolve slowly, soluble in nitric acid, aqua regia.

The effect of germanium with alkali solution is very weak, but the molten alkali in the air can make germanium dissolve quickly. Germanium does not work with carbon, so when melted in a graphite crucible, it will not be contaminated with carbon. Germanium has good semiconductor properties, such as electron mobility, hole mobility, and so on.

In the industrial production of the future, germanium has great potential.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia Germanium.

Germanium is a chemical element, its chemical symbol is GE, is an off-white metalloid, shiny, hard, belongs to the carbon group. Germanium has many special properties, and has a wide range of important applications in semiconductors, aerospace measurement and control, nuclear physical detection, optical fiber communication, infrared optics, solar cells, chemical catalysts, biomedicine and other fields, and is an important strategic resource.

In addition, in the electronics industry, alloy pretreatment and in the optical industry can also be used as a catalyst. Germanium compounds are also used in the manufacture of fluorescent plates and various high-refractive index glasses.

Germanium is very scattered and widely distributed in nature. Trace amounts of germanium are found in copper, iron ore, sulphide ores and rocks, mud and spring water. The content of germanium in the earth's crust is 7 parts per million, which is of course less than common elements such as oxygen and silicon, but it is more than arsenic, uranium, mercury, iodine, silver, gold and other elements.

However, germanium is very dispersed, and there is almost no concentrated germanium ore, so it is called "dilute metal".

Due to the particularity of germanium, it should be rainproof and shockproof during transportation, and it should be handled carefully when loading and unloading to prevent collision and rolling, and prevent mechanical damage. It should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry, clean, and chemical-free warehouse with a corrosive atmosphere, and should be moisture-proof, and should not be stored and mixed with acid and alkali products.