Chinese characters have undergone those evolutions 5

Oracle bone inscription, golden script, official script, big seal, small seal, harmonic script, cursive script, line script.

Oracle bone inscription, golden script, official script, large and small seals, cursive script, line script.

1. Chinese characters have undergone more than 6,000 years of changes, and their evolution process is: oracle bone inscription (Shang) Jinwen.

Zhou) small seal.

Qin) Lishu (Han) Kaishu (Wei and Jin) Xingshu, the above seven fonts of "Jiajin Seal Licao Kaixing" are called "Chinese Character Seven Bodies."

1. Oracle bone inscription: The text written on tortoise shells and animal bones at all times in the Shang Dynasty is called "oracle bone inscription". Started from the Shang Dynasty.

2. Jin Wen: It is an inscription cast on bronze in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Also known as Zhong Dingwen. Jin Wen has thick and wide strokes, and the dot painting is round, and Jin Wen is more standardized than oracle bone inscriptions.

3. Great Seal: In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the shape of Jin Wen tended to be linear, and the strokes were relatively neat and symmetrical.

4, small seal: Li Si.

According to the state of Qin. The text standard, the Chinese characters are sorted out and simplified, and the implementation is carried out throughout the country, and this new font is called Xiao Seal.

5. Lishu: The strokes of the seal script are round. The symbolism is clearly greatly strengthened. The small seal text is standardized, but it is inconvenient to write, and a simpler font is popular among the people, called Lishu.

6. Regular script: In the late Han Dynasty, official script evolved into regular script. There are no changes to the glyph knots, and it is easier to write.

7. Cursive: Cursive is characterized by joint strokes, simple knots, and unrestrained glyphs.

8. Xingshu: Xingshu is a font between regular script and cursive script, which is simpler than regular script and easier to identify than cursive script.

2. About Chinese characters.

1. Origin: The Chinese archaeological community has released a series of oracle bone inscriptions in the ruins.

Earlier excavated materials related to the origin of writing. Jiahu carved symbols by carbon 14

Physical determination, about 7762 years (128 years) old; There are also 7,000 years ago Shuangdun inscriptions, 6,000 years ago Banpo pottery symbols, more than 5,000 years ago Qingdun ruins inscriptions, ligatures into sentences of Zhuangqiao tomb site text, Dawenkou pottery symbols, Yaoshun era Tao temple ruins.

Zhu Wen, Xia Xu's water book. The early bone inscriptions are rich writing systems, and the later ones belong to the initial maturity stage. These archaeological discoveries may be important clues to the origin of Chinese characters, or they may be different sources of the development of various scripts.

In the early 80s of the century, in Dengfeng, Henan.

On the pottery excavated from the Xia cultural site, a more complete text was found. This is the earliest written language that has been confirmed by scholars to have an exact age in Japan so far.

3. Introduction: Chinese characters are one of the oldest scripts in the world, with a history of at least 4,000 years, and the earliest existing recognizable mature Chinese character system is the oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty. In form, Chinese characters gradually change from graphics to strokes, pictograms to symbols, and complexity to simplicity. In the principle of word making, from the form, ideogram to shape and sound.

With very few exceptions, it is one syllable per character.

The evolution of Chinese characters has gone through the stages of oracle bone script, golden script, seal script, official script, regular script, cursive script and line script, and it is still commonly used in regular script for writing and application.

According to the cultural relics unearthed so far, the oracle bone inscription is the earliest writing, which originated before the Xia Dynasty or the Xia Dynasty, and developed to the Bronze Age as a gold inscription engraved on bronze. During the Zhou Dynasty, it evolved into a large seal, and was later simplified into a small seal during the Warring States period. During the Qin Shi Huang period, the folk official script became a new script, and then it was standardized as regular script, and finally simplified into the current common Chinese characters.

Chinese characters have undergone more than 6,000 years of change, and their evolution process is as follows:

Oracle bone inscription, golden inscription, small seal, official script, regular script, line script.

Shang) (Zhou) (Qin) (Han) (Wei Jin) cursive.

The evolution of Chinese characters can be briefly summarized into five stages: sound, shape, image, number, and reason.

1. "Sound" is a necessary part of any language. In the distant and long primeval times, human beings were instinctively "crying and laughing......Or imitate nature's "birdsong, insect call, beast roar, wind, thunder, rain......The gradual differentiation of "sounds" that have a certain meaning and represent certain things is the evolution of speech.

2. "Form" is the second important component of language, but it is not necessary. In ancient times, humanity was mainly faced with the problem of survival and the continuation of the race. In the struggle against nature and fierce beasts and poisonous snakes, it is sometimes necessary to use "shape" or "painting" to represent things.

For example, on the wall of a cave, draw "sun, moon, people, mountains, trees, animals、......and other images.

3. "Xiang" is the main method for creating Chinese characters and "Yi" to explain reasoning and prophecy. "Day, moon" and so on belong to hieroglyphs, which are the basic parts of character making. These basic components combine with each other to produce a variety of "images" that create more characters.

The basic components and characters can also be combined at a higher level to produce a variety of words that can be used to represent various things and ideas.

4. The concept of "number" is gradually formed in the long-term evolution of human beings. The first concepts that humans grasp may be "nothing" and "being". "Yes" is further differentiated to form the concept of "one, two, three, many" and so on.

The "number" evolved in the direction of Yi Fu, gradually separated from the text, formed the gossip, and formed the "Book of Changes" ("Lianshan", "Guizang", "Zhou Yi") in the Xia, Shang and Zhou periods in history.

5. "Reason" is an extension of "image and number". The evolution of the extension of Chinese characters is mainly expanded through "li", that is, things that are "like", and "li" are also connected. For example:

The original meaning of "ming" is bright, and by extension, "the eyes can see clearly, the heart understands, and things become obvious......."And so on.

Introduction to the History of Chinese Characters: Oracle bone script, Jin script, seal script, official script, regular script, cursive script, line script and other stages, so far the regular script is commonly used, but it is still not completely finalized.

History of the development of Chinese characters I: oracle bone inscription (Shang).

About 150,000 oracle bones and more than 4,500 words were found. The content recorded in these oracle bone inscriptions is extremely rich, involving many aspects of the social life of the Shangzhen Dynasty, including not only political, military, cultural, and social customs, but also science and technology such as astronomy, calendar, and medicine.

The history of the development of Chinese characters II: Jin Wen (Shang).

Jin Wen refers to the text engraved on the bronzes of the Yin and Zhou dynasties, also called Zhong Dingwen. The Shang and Zhou dynasties were the age of bronze, and the ritual vessels of bronze were represented by tripods, and musical instruments were represented by bells, and "bells and tripods" were synonymous with bronze. Therefore, Zhong Dingwen or Jin Wen refers to inscriptions cast or engraved on bronzes.

The history of the development of Chinese characters III: Great Seal (Qin).

The representative is the stone drum text that exists today, and is named after the book written by the Taishi Zhou when King Xuan of Zhou. He carried out reforms on the basis of the original script, and got its name because it was engraved on the stone drum, which is the earliest carved stone script that has been handed down to this day, and is the ancestor of stone carving. It started in the late years of the Western Zhou Dynasty and traveled in the Qin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

The font is similar to that of the Qin seal, but the configuration of the glyphs overlaps.

The history of the development of Chinese characters IV: Xiao Seal (Qin).

The small seal is also called "Qin seal". Li Si of the Qin Dynasty was ordered to unify the script, and this kind of writing is the small seal. It was passed in the Qin Dynasty. The shape is long, evenly round, and it is derived from the large seal burial.

The history of the development of Chinese characters V: regular script.

Regular script is also known as the main book, or the true book. Its characteristics are: the shape is square, the strokes are straight, and it can be used as a model, hence the name. It began in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

History of the development of Chinese characters VI: Cursive (Chinese).

A type of writing style of Chinese characters. Formed in the Han Dynasty, it evolved on the basis of official scripts for the simplicity of writing.

The history of the development of Chinese characters VII: Xingyuyuanshu.

A font between regular script and cursive script, which can be said to be the cursive or cursive script. It was created to compensate for the slow writing speed of regular script and the difficulty of legible cursive script. The gestures are not sloppy like cursive, nor are they required to be as upright as regular script.

The regular method is more than the grass method is called "line Kai". The grass method is more than the regular method is called "walking grass". Xingshu was produced around the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.